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A critical review of biochar-based nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crop production and the environment

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 577-595页

作者： Yurong Gao Zheng Fang Lukas Van Zwieten Nanthi Bolan Da Dong Bert F.Quin Jun Meng Fangbai Li Fengchang Wu Hailong Wang Wenfu Chen Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000China Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina Department of Primary Industries New South Wales1243 Bruxner Highway2477 WollongbarNSWAustralia School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6001Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia6001 PerthWAAustralia School of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 311300China Quin Environmentals(NZ)Ltd PO Box 125122St.HeliersAuckland 1740New Zealand Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of Sciences510650 GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Guangdong Green Technologies Co. LtdFoshan 528100China

Globally,nitrogen(N)fertilizer demand is expected to reach 112 million tonnes to support food production for about 8 billion ***,more than half of the N fertilizer is lost to the environment with impacts on air,water and soil quality,and ***,N loss to the environment contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate ***,where N fertilizer application is limited,severe depletion of soil fertility has become a major constraint to sustainable *** address the issues of low fertilizer N use efficiency(NUE),biochar-based N fertilizers(BBNFs)have been developed to reduce off-site loss and maximize crop N *** products are generally made through physical mixing of biochar and N fertilizer or via coating chemical N fertilizers such as prilled urea with *** review aims to describe the manufacturing processes of BBNFs,and to critically assess the effects of the products on soil properties,crop yield and N loss pathways.

关键词： Nitrogen use efficiency controlled-release Retention Coating Biochar removing contaminants from

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Review of X-ray pulsar spacecraft autonomous navigation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Yidi Zheng, Wei Zhang, Shuangnan Ge, Minyu Li, Liansheng Jiang, Kun Chen, Xiaoqian Zhang, Xiang Zheng, Shijie Lu, Fangjun College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing100080 China Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology Beijing100091 China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100091 China Academy of Military Science Beijing100091 China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military Science Beijing100091 China

This article provides a review on X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XNAV). The review starts with the basic concept of XNAV, and briefly introduces the past, present and future projects concerning XNAV. This paper focuses on the advances of the key techniques supporting XNAV, including the navigation pulsar database, the X-ray detection system, and the pulse time of arrival estimation. Moreover, the methods to improve the estimation performance of XNAV are reviewed. Finally, some remarks on the future development of XNAV are provided. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Navigation

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Soft Sensor Development for Multimode Processes Based on Semisupervised Gaussian Mixture Models

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第18期51卷 614-619页

作者： Shao, Weiming Song, Zhihuan Yao, Le State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

The Gaussian mixture models (GMM) is an effective tool for modeling processes with multiple operating modes that widely exist in industrial process systems. Traditional supervised version of GMM, namely the Gaussian mixture regression (GMR), for developing soft sensors merely relies on the labeled samples. However, labeled samples in the soft sensor application are usually very infrequent due to economical or technical limitations, which may lead the GMR to unreliable parameter estimation and finally poor performance for predicting the primary variable. To tackle this problem, a semisupervised GMM for regression purpose is proposed, where both labeled and unlabeled samples take effect, and the Gaussian parameters and regression coefficients are learned simultaneously based on the expectation-maximization algorithm. Two case studies are carried out using simulated dataset and real-life dataset collected from a primary reformer in an ammonia synthesis process, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2018

关键词： Gaussian distribution Ammonia Image segmentation Maximum principle Parameter estimation Expectation maximizations Gaussian Mixture Model Gaussian mixtures Multi mode process Soft sensors

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The quality traceability system for prefabricated buildings using blockchain:An integrated framework

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Frontiers of engineering Management 2020年第4期7卷 528-546页

作者： Ziyao ZHANG Zhenmin YUAN Guodong NI Han LIN Yujie LU Institute of Project Management School of Mechanics and Civil EngineeringChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Information Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Auditing Information EngineeringNanjing Audit UniversityNanjing 211815China Department of Building Engineering College of Civil EngineeringKey Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structures of Ministry of EducationShanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The quality traceability of precast components has largely affected the widespread adoption of prefabricated *** technology provides an effective solution to change the centralized storage mode of traditional traceability system and its related *** this paper,we propose a framework of quality traceability system for precast components based on blockchain *** system framework adopts a hybrid blockchain architecture and dual storage mode,defines three types of smart contracts,and creates an interactive and efficient source tracing query method,which could effectively achieve the goals of decentralization,openness,and non-tamperability,as well as efficient traceability.

关键词： quality traceability precast components blockchain framework

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Morphology and composition of particles emitted from a port fuel injection gasoline vehicle under real-world driving test cycles

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2019年第2期31卷 339-348页

作者： Jiaoping Xing Longyi Shao Wenbin Zhang Jianfei Peng Wenhua Wang Cong Hou Shijin Shuai Min Hu Daizhou Zhang State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining School of Geoscience and Survey EngineeringChina University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Department of Automotive EngineeringTsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences Prefectural University of Kumamoto

Traffic vehicles, many of which are powered by port fuel injection(PFI) engines, are major sources of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere. We studied particles from the emission of a commercial PFI-engine vehicle when it was running under the states of cold start, hot start, hot stabilized running, idle and acceleration, using a transmission electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray detector. Results showed that the particles were mainly composed of organic, soot, and Ca-rich particles, with a small amount of S-rich and metal-containing particles, and displayed a unimodal size distribution with the peak at 600 nm. The emissions were highest under the cold start running state, followed by the hot start, hot stabilized, acceleration, and idle running states. Organic particles under the hot start and hot stabilized running states were higher than those of other running states. Soot particles were highest under the cold start running state. Under the idle running state, the relative number fraction of Ca-rich particles was high although their absolute number was low. These results indicate that PFI-engine vehicles emit substantial primary particles,which favor the formation of secondary aerosols via providing reaction sites and reaction catalysts, as well as supplying soot, organic, mineral and metal particles in the size range of the accumulation mode. In addition, the contents of Ca, P, and Zn in organic particles may serve as fingerprints for source apportionment of particles from PFI-engine vehicles.

关键词： Traffic emission Chassis dynamometer test Soot,organic and metals Accumulation mode Individual particle analysis

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Novel controller design procedure for output based ILC update laws applied to discrete-time polytopic systems

Novel controller design procedure for output based ILC updat...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Robert Maniarski Wojciech Paszke Shoulin Hao Tao Liu Eric Rogers Institute of Automation Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Zielona Góra Zielona Góra Poland Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education and the Institute of Advanced Control Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781665436601

This paper considers the design of iterative learning control laws for discrete-time linear time-invariant systems with polytopic uncertainty. To avoid state feedback or using an observer, the control law uses static output feedback. These systems’ control law design problem is reformulated in the repetitive process setting to ensure robust stability along the trial property. Hence, monotonic convergence in the trial-to-trial direction is guaranteed over the whole uncertainty domain. This approach results in a linear matrix inequality-based design, and an illustrative example is given.

关键词： state feedback Uncertainty Robust stability Process control Observers Linear matrix inequalities Output feedback

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Prox-DBRO-VR: A Unified Analysis on Byzantine-Resilient Decentralized Stochastic Composite Optimization with Variance Reduction

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Hu, Jinhui Chen, Guo Li, Huaqing Guo, Xiaoyu Ran, Liang Huang, Tingwen School of Automation Central South University Hunan Changsha410083 China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest University Chongqing400715 China Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Decentralized stochastic gradient algorithms efficiently solve large-scale finite-sum optimization problems when all agents in the network are reliable. However, most of these algorithms are not resilient to adverse conditions, such as malfunctioning agents, software bugs, and cyber attacks. This paper aims to handle a class of general composite optimization problems over multi-agent systems (MASs) in the presence of an unknown number of Byzantine agents. Building on a resilient model-aggregation mechanism and the proximal-gradient mapping method, a Byzantine-resilient decentralized stochastic proximal-gradient algorithmic framework is proposed, dubbed ProxDBRO-VR, which achieves an optimization and control goal using only local computations and communications. To asymptotically reduce the noise variance arising from local gradient estimation and accelerate the convergence, we incorporate two localized variance-reduced (VR) techniques (SAGA and LSVRG) into ProxDBRO-VR to design Prox-DBRO-SAGA and Prox-DBRO-LSVRG. By analyzing the contraction relationships among the gradient-learning error, resilient consensus condition, and convergence error in a unified theoretical framework, it is proved that both Prox-DBRO-SAGA and Prox-DBRO-LSVRG, with a well-designed constant (resp., decaying) step-size, converge linearly (resp., sub-linearly) inside an error ball around the optimal solution to the original problem under standard assumptions. A trade-off between convergence accuracy and Byzantine resilience in both linear and sub-linear cases is also characterized. In numerical experiments, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed algorithms are manifested via resolving a decentralized sparse machine-learning problem under various Byzantine attacks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous agents

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Enhanced adsorption performance of subordinate magnesium sites in pinhole magnesium oxide nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies

Environmental Functional Materials

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Environmental Functional Materials 2022年第1期1卷 105-113页

作者： Yalin He Zhenyu Li Mei Xue Xingyue Qi Jiefei Li Kunhong Jiang Jiaxin Fu Chaohui Guan Ke Sun Zhiming Shi Akinari Sonoda Haibin Chu Hang Wei College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 PR China College of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 PR China College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130022 PR China State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130033 PR China Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Kagawa 761-0395 Japan

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater is important for protecting the aquatic environment and achieving sustainable development. However, as a typical phosphorus adsorbent, nanoscale magnesium oxide (MgO) exhibits aggregation and limited adsorption ability. Herein, melamine foam (MF) was selected as a self-sacrifice template to prepare an oxygen-vacancy-rich MgO/MF phosphate adsorbent with high dispersion and a multistage pore structure. Density-functional theory calculations reveal that the phosphate preferentially adsorbed on the hollow sites rather than top sites of MgO when there were oxygen vacancies, which improved the intrinsic adsorption ability of MgO/MF. The MgO/MF adsorbent exhibited excellent phosphorus removal from water within a wide pH range of 2–12; the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate was as high as 1226 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of the MgO/MF adsorbent after phosphate adsorption was reactivated to ca. 100%. After six adsorption cycles, MgO/MF with a high phosphate content of 117.5 mg P/g is a potential high-quality fertilizer. This work provides a promising strategy for constructing an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment and resource recovery.

关键词： Magnesium oxide Melamine foam Oxygen vacancy Phosphate adsorbent High adsorption capacity

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Material state Identification of the Conveyor Belt based on Inception-v4

Material State Identification of the Conveyor Belt based on ...

引用

Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Jinliang Tang Zhenyu Cai Chao Xu Tehuan Chen School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo University Ningbo China System Integration Center Huzhou Institute of Zhejiang University Huzhou China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665426480

For the uneven phenomenon of materials during material transportation on the factory assembly line, this paper proposes an improved model based on Inception-v4 to realize the identification and classification of three material states (more materials, normal materials, and fewer materials). In the image processing stage, the Farneback algorithm is used to capture the moving area, which makes the training of the model focus on effective information. In addition, considering the color bias of materials, the RGB enhancement strategy is proposed. By processing the image data in RGB channels, different weights are given to realize the enhancement of image features. In the network training and testing stage, we use Inception-v4 as the baseline model. The output of the model is modified for the classification task, and a new loss function is designed. In addition, considering the limited sample size, we pre-trained the model on ImageNet. Through experimental comparison, the improved algorithm proposed in this paper has better performance.

关键词： Training Transfer learning Transportation Belts Feature extraction Production facilities Classification algorithms

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Polyimide Nanofiber Aerogel-Based Portable Solar Interfacial Evaporator for Efficient and Durable Desalination Via Heat Localization

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xue, Tiantian Yang, Fan Zhao, Xingyu He, Feng Wang, Zhenyu Wali, Qamar Fan, Wei Liu, Tianxi Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai201620 China Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control School of Environment and Civil Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China NUTECH School of Applied Sciences & Humanities National University of Technology Islamabad44000 Pakistan

Solar vapor generation is a friendly water purification technology via efficiently utilization of natural sunlight. However, the present solar evaporation devices are impeded by high cost, inferior mechanical property, low efficiency and poor durability. Here, inspired by plant transpiration, we designed and fabricated a scalable and portable polypyrrole-modified polyimide nanofiber aerogel (PPy-PI NAG) for efficient and durable solar vapor generation. During the evaporation process, the bottom hydrophilic PI NAG with hierarchical cellular fibrous structure acts as the roots for fast water transportation, while the upper PPy layer with porous and rough surface plays as the leaves for evaporation. More importantly, the highly porous PPy-PI NAG possesses a low thermal conductivity (0.05 W m-1 K-1), which can confine the heat energy on the air-water interface, exhibiting superior heat localization effect. Under one sun illumination, the PPy-PI NAG exhibits a high average evaporation rate of 1.42 kg m-2 h-1 and achieved 99.7% ion removal efficiency for seawater. Moreover, the PPy-PI NAG exhibits stable evaporation efficiency with continuous desalination for 15 days and compressing/folding for 1000 cycles, and can be compressed or folded into small size to the benefit of carriage or transportation, demonstrating great potential as portable solar evaporation device for personal and household evaporation systems. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanofibers

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