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Fault-Tolerant Soft Sensor Modeling Based on a Two-Dimensional Group Distributionally Robust Optimization Framework

IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 2025年 22卷 14396-14406页

作者： Zhang, Xiangrui Song, Chunyue Zhao, Jun Huang, Biao College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Industry Intelligence and Systems Engineering Hangzhou310027 China University of Alberta Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering EdmontonABT6G 1H9 Canada

In industrial automation and intelligence, fault tolerance mechanisms have always been an attractive topic. To develop soft sensors with fault tolerance for different types of faults and unforeseen new faults, this article proposes a two-dimensional group distributionally robust optimization (2D-GDRO) framework for fault-tolerant soft sensor modeling. We propose to describe the potential distributions of new fault conditions with an uncertainty set and optimize the soft sensor model by minimizing the worst-case risk over the uncertainty set. Considering the restricted representation range of the uncertainty set constructed directly from a mixture distribution of a limited number of existing fault conditions in the training set, a two-dimensional uncertainty set is designed at the group dimension and the sample dimension. To efficiently train a fault-tolerant soft sensor within the 2D-GDRO framework, we introduce a triple-interleaved optimization algorithm. This algorithm integrates mini-batch stochastic gradient descent, exponentiated gradient ascent, and group-wise SoftMax techniques. Finally, the fault tolerance of the 2D-GDRO framework based soft sensor is verified using the Tennessee-Eastman process and the real three-phase flow facility. The experimental results show that 2D-GDRO outperforms other training frameworks in average soft sensing accuracy under new fault conditions. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Observer-based stabilization for discrete nonlinear semi-Markov jump singularly perturbed models with mode-switching delay

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 389-390页

作者： Wenhai QI Runkun LI Ju H.PARK Zheng-Guang WU Huaicheng YAN School of Engineering Qufu Normal University Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam University Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology

Semi-Markov jump systems(S-MJMs) not only characterize hybrid systems but also address the limitations of Markov jump systems(MJMs) [1–3]. Due to their ability to exhibit multi-time-scale features, singularly perturbed models(SPMs) effectively model practical systems influenced by multiple time-scale phenomena [4]. In this study, the observer-based output feedback controller is asynchronous with the original system due to the time delay in the controller mode switching. A nonlinear plant with singularly perturbed parameters(SPPs) is represented using an interval type-2(IT2) fuzzy model [5].

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FLOAT Drone: A Fully-actuated Coaxial Aerial Robot for Close-Proximity Operations

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lin, Junxiao Ji, Shuhang Wu, Yuze Wu, Tianyue Han, Zhichao Gao, Fei State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

How to endow aerial robots with the ability to operate in close proximity remains an open problem. The core challenges lie in the propulsion system’s dual-task requirement: generating manipulation forces while simultaneously counteracting gravity. These competing demands create dynamic coupling effects during physical interactions. Furthermore, rotor-induced airflow disturbances critically undermine operational reliability. Although fully-actuated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) alleviate dynamic coupling effects via six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) force-torque decoupling, existing implementations fail to address the aerodynamic interference between drones and environments. They also suffer from oversized designs, which compromise maneuverability and limit their applications in various operational scenarios. To address these limitations, we present FLOAT Drone (FuLly-actuated cOaxial Aerial roboT), a novel fully-actuated UAV featuring two key structural innovations. By integrating control surfaces into fully-actuated systems for the first time, we significantly suppress lateral airflow disturbances during operations. Furthermore, a coaxial dual-rotor configuration enables a compact size while maintaining high hovering efficiency. Through dynamic modeling, we have developed hierarchical position and attitude controllers that support both fully-actuated and underactuated modes. Experimental validation through comprehensive real-world experiments confirms the system’s functional capabilities in close-proximity operations. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drones

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Drosophila Larvae-Inspired Soft Crawling Robot with Multimodal Locomotion and Versatile Applications

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Research 2025年第1期7卷 35-46页

作者： Qin Fang Jingyu Zhang Yinhui He Nenggan Zheng Yue Wang Rong Xiong Zhefeng Gong Haojian Lu State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Medical School of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310000China

Soft crawling robots have been widely studied and applied because of their excellent environmental adaptability and flexible ***,most existing soft crawling robots typically exhibit a single-motion mode and lack diverse *** by Drosophila larvae,this paper proposes a compact soft crawling robot(weight,13 g;length,165 mm;diameter,35 mm)with multimodal locomotion(forward,turning,rolling,and twisting).Each robot module uses 4 sets of high-power-density shape memory alloy actuators,endowing it with 4 degrees of motion *** analyze the mechanical characteristics of the robot modules through experiments and simulation *** plug-and-play modules can be quickly assembled to meet different motion and task *** soft crawling robot can be remotely operated with an external controller,showcasing multimodal motion on various material *** a narrow maze,the robot demonstrates agile movement and effective maneuvering around *** addition,leveraging the inherent bistable characteristics of the robot modules,we used the robot modules as anchoring units and installed a microcamera on the robot's head for pipeline *** robot completed the inspection in horizontal,vertical,curved,and branched pipelines,adjusted the camera view,and twisted a valve in the pipeline for the first *** research highlights the robot's superior locomotion and application capabilities,providing an innovative strategy for the development of lightweight,compact,and multifunctional soft crawling robots.

关键词： multimodal locomotion versatile applications Drosophila larvae soft crawling robot weight soft crawling robots shape memory alloy actuators

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MATD3-Based End-Edge Collaborative Resource Optimization for NOMA-Assisted industrial Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3203-3222页

作者： Ru Hao Chi Xu Jing Liu College of Information Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang110142China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology has recently been widely integrated into multi-access edge computing (MEC) to support task offloading in industrial wireless networks (IWNs) with limited radio resources. This paper minimizes the system overhead regarding task processing delay and energy consumption for the IWN with hybrid NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes. Specifically, we formulate the system overhead minimization (SOM) problem by considering the limited computation and communication resources and NOMA efficiency. To solve the complex mixed-integer nonconvex problem, we combine the multi-agent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (MATD3) and convex optimization, namely MATD3-CO, for iterative optimization. Specifically, we first decouple SOM into two sub-problems, i.e., joint sub-channel allocation and task offloading sub-problem, and computation resource allocation sub-problem. Then, we propose MATD3 to optimize the sub-channel allocation and task offloading ratio, and employ the convex optimization to allocate the computation resource with a closed-form expression derived by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The solution is obtained by iteratively solving these two sub-problems. The experimental results indicate that the MATD3-CO scheme, when compared to the benchmark schemes, significantly decreases system overhead with respect to both delay and energy consumption.

关键词： industrial wireless networks(IWNs) multi-access edge computing(MEC) non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) task offloading resource allocation

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BEV-DWPVO: BEV-based Differentiable Weighted Procrustes for Low Scale-drift Monocular Visual Odometry on Ground

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Wei, Yufei Lu, Sha Lu, Wangtao Xiong, Rong Wang, Yue Laboratory of Industrial Control and Technology The Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China

Monocular Visual Odometry (MVO) provides a cost-effective, real-time positioning solution for autonomous vehicles. However, MVO systems face the common issue of lacking inherent scale information from monocular cameras. Traditional methods have good interpretability but can only obtain relative scale and suffer from severe scale drift in long-distance tasks. Learning-based methods under perspective view leverage large amounts of training data to acquire prior knowledge and estimate absolute scale by predicting depth values. However, their generalization ability is limited due to the need to accurately estimate the depth of each point. In contrast, we propose a novel MVO system called BEV-DWPVO. Our approach leverages the common assumption of a ground plane, using Bird’s-Eye View (BEV) feature maps to represent the environment in a grid-based structure with a unified scale. This enables us to reduce the complexity of pose estimation from 6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) to 3-DoF. keypoints are extracted and matched within the BEV space, followed by pose estimation through a differentiable weighted Procrustes solver. The entire system is fully differentiable, supporting end-to-end training with only pose supervision and no auxiliary tasks. We validate BEV-DWPVO on the challenging long-sequence datasets NCLT, Oxford, and KITTI, achieving superior results over existing MVO methods on most evaluation metrics. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Depth perception

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Motion-induced phase-shifting profilometry for dynamic objects via Fourier fringe analysis and speckle correlation-assisted phase unwrapping

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Optics Express 2025年第8期33卷 18251-18263页

作者： Ji, Peirui Hu, Pengyu Zhao, Hongwei Yao, Qian Ma, Wenhao Zhang, Guofeng Zhang, Zonghua Yang, Shuming State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute Xi’an710065 China School of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China

Fringe projection profilometry, particularly phase-shifting profilometry, has been extensively studied and widely adopted due to its non-contact operation, high accuracy, and efficiency. However, in dynamic applications, it faces two major challenges: the increased number of encoded patterns required for absolute phase retrieval, and motion-induced phase errors. To address these limitations while preserving measurement accuracy, this study proposes a motion-induced phase-shifting method that integrates Fourier fringe analysis with speckle correlation-assisted phase matching. In the proposed framework, Fourier transform profilometry is employed to estimate unknown phase shifts in motion-induced three-step phase-shifting sequences and compute the wrapped phase. Phase errors are further mitigated through phase difference analysis and local linear optimization. In addition, a speckle correlation-assisted phase matching strategy is introduced to robustly unwrap the absolute phase for arbitrary surfaces. By utilizing a single random speckle pattern and leveraging triple-view geometric constraints from the stereo cameras and projector, reliable stereo correspondence and absolute phase retrieval are achieved without requiring predefined depth information. Based on the obtained absolute phase and disparity maps, accurate three-dimensional reconstruction is performed using a stereo-structured light system model that fully exploits triple-view information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively suppresses motion-induced artifacts and enables accurate three-dimensional reconstruction under non-uniform motion and non-rigid deformation, offering strong adaptability and broad applicability in dynamic measurement scenarios. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Stereo image processing

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Minimum Initial Marking Estimation in Labeled Petri Nets Using Minimum Token Number Prediction

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年第5期70卷 3296-3302页

作者： Yue, Hao Xu, Yakun Hu, Hesuan Wu, Weimin Li, Lingxi College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266580 China Xidian University School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xi'an710071 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering 639798 Singapore Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang University Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Hangzhou310027 China Purdue University Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering IndianapolisIN46202 United States

This article proposes an approach to addressing the problem of minimum initial marking (MuIM) estimation for labeled Petri nets (LPNs). We introduce the important concept of a label synthesis net for LPNs and develop a method for predicting the minimum number of tokens. By using this prediction method, we develop an algorithm that has polynomial complexity in the length of the observed label sequence for estimating MuIMs. An illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate its advantage over existing work. Finally, we provide a comparison of some representative studies in the literature for MuIM estimation. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete event simulation

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Event-Triggered Fully Distributed control: A Model-Free Adaptive Learning Algorithm

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Ma, Yong-Sheng Che, Wei-Wei Wu, Zheng-Guang Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang266071 China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Hangzhou310027 China

This paper studies the consensus problem in multi-agent systems (MASs) under the challenge of an unknown system model and limited communication resources. A novel model-free adaptive learning algorithm is developed to learn the controller from system data. A model-based event-triggered fully distributed control (ET-FDC) algorithm is proposed to achieve consensus while saving the limited communication resources. Furthermore, a data-driven systematic learning methodology for the ET-FDC algorithm is introduced to eliminate the need for a system model. Compared with existing approaches, the main advantages of the proposed method are that it not only avoids using the system model and global topology information, but also reduces unnecessary communication. Finally, simulations are presented to illustrate the superiority of the theoretical results. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Accelerated Distributed Aggregative Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Liu, Jiaxu Chen, Song Cai, Shengze Xu, Chao Chu, Jian Zhejiang University School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China

This paper delves into the investigation of a distributed aggregative optimization problem within a network. In this scenario, each agent possesses its own local cost function, which relies not only on the local state variable but also on an aggregated function of state variables from all agents. To expedite the optimization process, we amalgamate the heavy ball and Nesterov's accelerated method with distributed aggregative gradient tracking, resulting in the proposal of two innovative algorithms, aimed at resolving the distributed aggregative optimization problem. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed algorithms can converge to an optimal solution at a global linear convergence rate when the objective function is strongly convex with the Lipschitz-continuous gradient, and when the parameters (e.g., step size and momentum coefficients) are chosen within specific ranges. Additionally, we present several numerical experiments to verify the effectiveness, robustness and superiority of our proposed algorithms. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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