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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dong, Cunzheng Sun, Changxing Chen, Lei He, Yifan Liu, Yisi Luo, Bin Sun, Nian-Xiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300130 China Key Lab of Computer Vision and Intelligent Information System Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing402160 China

Very low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves can penetrate dense conductive media, such as earth and saltwater, with minimal attenuation, allowing for long-distance signal transmission via ionospheric reflection. These characteristics make VLF waves ideal for applications in submarine navigation, subterranean mapping, underground communication, and ionospheric remote sensing. Conventional VLF signal reception has relied on magnetic loop antennas due to their low noise performance;however, their large size and reduced sensitivity due to low quality factors (Q) limit their use in portable and compact applications, particularly in underwater and underground environments. To address these challenges, we propose an ultra-compact room-temperature extremely sensitive femto-tesla magnetic sensor based on a strain-mediated high-Q Metglas/Quartz magnetoelectric (ME) resonator operating at its electromechanical resonance (EMR) at 24.55 kHz for VLF signal reception. The Metglas/Quartz ME sensor demonstrates a sensitivity and magnetic noise performance enhancement by an order of magnitude compared to conventional Metglas/PZT ME sensors, achieving an ultra-low equivalent magnetic noise level of 5 fT/Hz1/2, owing to high magnetic permeability and magnetostriction of Metglas and the high-quality factor of Quartz at EMR. Moreover, the Metglas/Quartz ME VLF receiver exhibits overwhelming near-field and far-field VLF signal reception capability, realizing a successful reception of VLF signal 400 km away from the NAA VLF Transmitter Cutler. The demonstrated ultra-compact high-Q Metglas/Quartz ME sensor capable of femto-tesla VLF signal reception shows significant improvements in magnetic sensing capability, size, power consumption, and cost compared to traditional magnetic loop antennas, making it a promising solution for portable VLF signal reception in challenging environments. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Loop antennas

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Multi-kernel Correntropy Regression: Robustness, Optimality, and Application on Magnetometer Calibration

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Shilei Chen, Yihan Lou, Yunjiang Shi, Dawei Li, Lijing Shi, Ling The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen518055 China The School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology China The School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology China

This paper investigates the robustness and optimality of the multi-kernel correntropy (MKC) on linear regression. We first derive an upper error bound for a scalar regression problem in the presence of arbitrarily large outliers and state that the kernel bandwidth plays an important role in minimizing the lowest upper error bound. Then, we find that the proposed MKC is related to a specific heavy-tail distribution, where its head shape is consistent with the Gaussian distribution but its tail shape is heavy-tailed, and the extent of heavy-tail is controlled by the kernel bandwidth. It becomes a Gaussian distribution when the bandwidth is infinite, which allows one to tackle both Gaussian and non-Gaussian problems without explicitly investigating the noise distributions. To explore the optimal underlying distribution parameters, an expectation-maximization-like (EM) algorithm is developed to estimate the parameter vectors and the distribution parameters in an alternating manner. The results show that our algorithm can achieve equivalent performance compared with the traditional linear regression under Gaussian noise, and it significantly outperforms the conventional method under heavy-tailed noise. Both numerical simulations and experiments on a magnetometer calibration application verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Note to Practitioners-The goal of this paper is to enhance the accuracy of conventional linear regression in handling outliers while maintaining its optimality under Gaussian assumptions. Our algorithm is formulated under the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) framework, assuming the regression residuals follow a type of heavy-tailed noise distribution with an extreme case of Gaussian. The degree of the heavy tail is explored alternatingly using an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm which converges very quickly. The robustness and optimality of the proposed approach are investigated and compared with the traditional approaches. Both th

关键词： Linear regression

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Multi-kernel Correntropy-based Orientation Estimation of IMUs: Gradient Descent Methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Shilei Li, Lijing Shi, Dawei Lou, Yunjiang Shi, Ling The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology China The School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology China The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen518055 China

This paper presents two computationally efficient algorithms for the orientation estimation of inertial measurement units (IMUs): the multi-kernel correntropy-based gradient descent (CGD) and the multi-kernel correntropy-based decoupled orientation estimation (CDOE). Traditional methods, such as gradient descent (GD) and decoupled orientation estimation (DOE), rely on the least square (LS) criterion in algorithm derivation, making them vulnerable to external acceleration and magnetic interference. To address this issue, we first demonstrate that the multi-kernel correntropy loss (MKCL) is an optimal objective function under the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) framework when the noise follows a specific type of heavy-tailed distribution. Then, we provide some important properties of the MKCL as a cost function. By replacing the LS cost with the MKCL, we develop the CGD and CDOE algorithms. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed methods by comparing them with existing algorithms in various situations. Experimental results indicate that our proposed methods (CGD and CDOE) outperform their conventional counterparts (GD and DOE), especially when faced with external acceleration and magnetic disturbances. Furthermore, the new algorithms demonstrate significantly lower computational complexity than Kalman filter-based approaches, making them suitable for applications with low-cost microprocessors. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation

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Self-organized Criticality in C. elegans Neural Network

Self-organized Criticality in C. elegans Neural Network

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第42届中国控制会议

作者： Xiao Gu Jian Liu Ye Yuan Peng Zhao Kuankuan Xin Tao Fang Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Control and Management Institute of Machine Intelligence University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland

The self-organized criticality is a fundamental property for organisms to perform normal functional *** large-scale biological neural network researches have found the existence of self-organized criticality through avalanche phenomenon, which is typical characteristic of self-organized criticality. However, such research method is not suitable for small-scale biological neural network, because number of neurons in small-scale biological neural network is not large enough to support the emergence of avalanche phenomenon. It has been demonstrated that branching parameter can also be used to describe the propagation of activity in the neural network. Here, in this paper, the C. elegans neural network composed of 302 neurons is selected to investigate the existence of self-organized criticality using branching parameter. Based on the obtained connectome of C. elegans, a directed graph model is constructed to simulate the gradient potential of neurons and the activity of C. elegans, then, the existence of self-organized criticality in the neural network of C. elegans is proved by using branching parameter method. Meanwhile, the result is further confirmed by analyzing the calcium activity data of C. elegans obtained from biological experiments.

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Resilient Average Consensus: A Detection and Compensation Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zheng, Wenzhe He, Zhiyu He, Jianping Zhao, Chengcheng Fang, Chongrong Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University China

We study the problem of resilient average consensus for multi-agent systems with misbehaving nodes. To protect consensus value from being influenced by misbehaving nodes, we address this problem by detecting misbehaviors, mitigating the corresponding adverse impact and achieving the resilient average consensus. In this paper, general types of misbehaviors are considered, including deception attacks, accidental faults and link failures. We characterize the adverse impact of misbehaving nodes in a distributed manner via two-hop communication information and develop a deterministic detection-compensation-based consensus (D-DCC) algorithm with a decaying fault-tolerant error bound. Considering scenarios where information sets are intermittently available due to link failures, a stochastic extension named stochastic detection-compensation-based consensus (S-DCC) algorithm is proposed. We prove that D-DCC and S-DCC allow nodes to asymptotically achieve resilient average consensus exactly and in expectation, respectively. Then, the Wasserstein distance is introduced to analyze the accuracy of S-DCC. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Automated Assembly by Two-Fingered Microhand for Fabrication of Soft Magnetic Microrobots

Automated Assembly by Two-Fingered Microhand for Fabrication...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： Yue Zhao Xiaoming Liu Ruixi Wang Dan Liu Masaru Kojima Qiang Huang Tatsuo Arai Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing China School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Department of Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Department of Materials Engineering Science Osaka University Osaka Japan Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Micro-assembly is an emerging method to fabricate microrobots with multiple modules or particles. However, there is always a lack of a flexible and efficient method to freely create the desired magnetic soft microrobots. In this paper, an automated assembly system based on a two-fingered microhand is presented for fabricating magnetic soft microrobots. Our proposed system can automatically pick and place components to assemble microrobots with a two-fingered micromanipulator, and orient these components through an external magnetic field. The automated assembly has the advantages of high accuracy, high speed, and high success rate. It can endow magnetic microrobots with flexible material selection, arbitrary geometry design, and programable magnetization profile. We can make full use of this system to fabricate multiple magnetic soft microrobots. The experiment results demonstrate that this system can efficiently fabricate microrobots with excellent mechanical properties, which have application potential in robotics, biomedical engineering, and environmental governance.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Shape Micromanipulators Magnetization Manuals Three-dimensional printing Soft magnetic materials

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Event-triggered Consensus Control of Heterogeneous Multi-agent systems: Model- and Data-based Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Xin Sun, Jian Wang, Gang Chen, Jie The School of Automation The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing10081 China The Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing401120 China The Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China The State Key Lab of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

This article deals with model- and data-based consensus control of heterogenous leader-following multi-agent systems (MASs) under an event-triggering transmission scheme. A dynamic periodic transmission protocol is developed to significantly alleviate the transmission frequency and computational burden, where the followers can interact locally with each other approaching the dynamics of the leader. Capitalizing on a discrete-time looped-functional, a model-based consensus condition for the closed-loop MASs is derived in form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), as well as a design method for obtaining the distributed controllers and event-triggering parameters. Upon collecting noise-corrupted state-input measurements during open-loop operation, a data-driven leader-following MAS representation is presented, and employed to solve the data-driven consensus control problem without requiring any knowledge of the agents' models. This result is then extended to the case of guaranteeing an H∞ performance. A simulation example is finally given to corroborate the efficacy of the proposed distributed event-triggering scheme in cutting off data transmissions and the data-driven design method. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Linear matrix inequalities

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A smart wearable device for capturing biomechanical energy from human knee motion

A smart wearable device for capturing biomechanical energy f...

引用

IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced intelligent Mechatronics

作者： Hugo Hung-Tin Chan Haisu Liao Xuan Zhao Junrui Liang Wei-Hsin Liao Xinyu Wu Fei Gao Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798350355369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355376

Sustainable power supply is a challenge for portable and wearable electronic devices such as cell phones and headsets. To address this, researchers proposed capturing biomechanical energy from human motion to generate electricity. This paper proposed and developed a lightweight wearable device to capture the biomechanical energy from the human knee motion. To reduce the effect of inertial force on human gait, we developed a lightweight and compact transmission chain to convert the bidirectional rotation of the knee to a unidirectional rotation of the generator. Two input bevel gears with opposite one-way bearings on the same shaft are engaged with a single output bevel gear of the generator thereby only one input bevel gear is engaged for each input direction, achieving unidirectional output. In addition, to reduce velocity fluctuation and further minimize the effect of inertial force, a flywheel was fixed to the motor shaft via a gearbox. A prototype of the wearable device was developed and tested on a subject walking on a treadmill. Experimental results shows the flywheel enabled the harvester to achieve a continuous output while halving voltage fluctuations compared to a conventional harvester. The harvesters average power output can reach 0.11 W with minimal effects on the subject’s walking gait.

关键词： Knee Legged locomotion Biomechanics Shafts Fluctuations Voltage fluctuations Torque

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Mapping Optical Lateral Forces on the Poincaré Sphere

引用

ACS Photonics 2024年第8期11卷 3267-3275页

作者： Zhu, Yuchen Xiong, Sha Lai, Chengxing Wei, Zeyong Lu, Chengfeng He, Yujiang Song, Qinghua Wu, Pin Chieh Luo, Hong Wang, Zhanshan Xie, Lingyun Shi, Yuzhi Cheng, Xinbin Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics Shanghai200092 China School of Automation Central South University Changsha410083 China Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation Center for Advanced Measurement Science National Institute of Metrology Beijing100029 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Photonics National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

Optical lateral forces (OLFs) play progressively important roles in optical manipulation, finding numerous applications in enantioselective sorting and sensing. Probing OLFs on achiral particles is also essential in interpreting extraordinary light-matter interactions. Recent advances have shown that the OLF can emerge from the transverse Belinfante spin momentum (BSM) and get maximum values when the light is circularly polarized. Here, by searching the Poincaré sphere, we find that the optical gradient force and radiation pressure correlate strongly with the ellipticity and azimuthal angles on the Poincaré sphere, which may exceed the OLF in a focused line-shaped beam. Consequently, the total lateral force may reach its maximum under the elliptical polarization rather than the circular polarization. Meanwhile, the ellipticity angle corresponding to the maximum force varies significantly with the particle size and its refractive index. Our work unravels a novel and efficient way to harness optical forces in a full-polarization manner and provides a new playground for various biophysical applications. © 2024 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Refractive index

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ERC-Fusion: Fusing Enhanced 4D Radar and Camera for 3D Object Detection

ERC-Fusion: Fusing Enhanced 4D Radar and Camera for 3D Objec...

引用

Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence (DTPI), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Lili Fan Junhao Wang Yutong Wang Zonglin Meng Dongpu Cao School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Science Dalian Minzu University Dalian China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349252

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349269

In autonomous driving, the fusion of camera and 4D millimeter-wave radar point clouds significantly enhances perception robustness and accuracy in harsh environments and off-road scenarios by combining high-resolution vision with precise radar data. This improves target detection and environment modeling capabilities, thereby ensuring the vehicle’s safe and efficient operation. However, the sparsity of point clouds presents significant challenges for multimodal fusion in terms of data density and resolution matching, affecting the accuracy of environmental perception. To address this issue, we have built a framework called ERC-Fusion, which specifically includes: we designed a KNN-based point cloud augmentation algorithm to enhance the density of sparse point clouds and increase the amount of information. Additionally, we developed a double-voxel feature fusion enhancement module, which constructs sparse voxels at different scales from the raw data to capture detailed target features and reduce data noise. We validated the performance of ERC-Fusion on the View-of-Delft dataset. Experimental results show that ERC-Fusion effectively alleviates the sparsity issue of radar point clouds and successfully extracts detailed features, thereby improving 3D object detection performance.

关键词： Point cloud compression Three-dimensional displays Accuracy Noise Radar detection Radar Object detection Feature extraction Cameras Robustness

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