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2023 International Conference on Neuromorphic Computing, ICNC 2023

作者： Wu, Kaiyue Huang, Changwu Yao, Xin Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Southern University of Science and Technology Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Shenzhen518055 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316889

Estimating the confidence of a machine learning (ML) model plays an important role in minimizing undesirable outcomes and safety risks when using ML models in the real world, especially in high-stake application scenarios. However, the majority of existing confidence estimation methods do not work well without incorporating internal information from the model, such as the gradients, internal representations or checkpoints of its training process, which might compromise the security of the model. To alleviate such limitations, we intend to design a reliable confidence estimation method that requires as little internal model information as possible, yet precisely detecting uncertain samples for the model. In this work, we propose a confidence estimation approach that learns the confidence criterion (that is, the true class probability, TCP) based on the explanations of model's predictions. The proposed approach utilizes the knowledge learned in the model with the leverage of the explanations for model's prediction rather than directly extracting internal information of the model, so that it can be adopted in a wide range of applications. Several experiments, including experiments on different datasets, different models and non-IID (independent and identically distributed) test datasets, are conducted to examine the effectiveness of our confidence estimation method. The experimental results show that our proposed approach provides a reliable confidence estimation and generally performs better than the compared methods, especially in the capability of recognizing when a ML model makes errors. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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CoChain: High Concurrency Blockchain Sharding via Consensus on Consensus 42

CoChain: High Concurrency Blockchain Sharding via Consensus ...

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42nd IEEE International Conference on computer Communications, INFOCOM 2023

作者： Li, Mingzhe Lin, You Zhang, Jin Wang, Wei Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Computation Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Computer Science and Engineering Department China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Computer Science and Engineering Department Hong Kong Institute of High Performance Computing and Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334142

Sharding is an effective technique to improve the scalability of blockchain. It splits nodes into multiple groups so that they can process transactions in parallel. To achieve higher parallelism and concurrency at large scales, it is desirable to maintain a large number of small shards. However, simply configuring small shards easily results in a higher fraction of malicious nodes inside shards, causing shard corruption and compromising system security. Existing sharding techniques hence demand large shards, at the expense of limited concurrency. To address this limitation, we propose CoChain: a blockchain sharding system that can securely configure small shards for enhanced concurrency. CoChain allows some shards to be corrupted. For security, each shard is monitored by multiple other shards. The latter reach a cross-shard Consensus on the Consensus results of their monitored shard. Once a corrupted shard is found, its subsequent consensus will be taken over by another shard, hence recovering the system. Via Consensus on Consensus, CoChain allows the existence of shards with more fraction of malicious nodes ( © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Large-scale achromatic flat lens by light frequency-domain coherence optimization

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第12期11卷 2900-2908页

作者： Xingjian Xiao Yunwei Zhao Xin Ye Chen Chen Xinmou Lu Yansen Rong Junhong Deng Guixin Li Shining Zhu Tao Li National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Flat lenses,including metalens and diffractive lens,have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to miniaturize the imaging ***,realizing a large scale achromatic flat lens with high performance still remains a big ***,we developed a new framework in designing achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses by light coherence optimization,which enables the implementation of large-scale flat lenses under non-ideal *** results,a series achromatic polymer lenses with diameter from 1 to 10mm are successfully designed and *** subsequent optical characterizations substantially validate our theoretical framework and show relatively good performance of the centimeter-scale achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses with a super broad bandwidth in optical wavelengths(400-1100 nm).After comparing with conventional refractive lens,this achromatic lens shows significant advantages in white-light imaging performance,implying a new strategy in developing practical planar optical devices.

关键词： conditions chromatic optimization

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Frequency-Guided Network for Low-contrast Staining-free Dental Plaque Segmentation

Frequency-Guided Network for Low-contrast Staining-free Dent...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Jiang, Yiming Song, Wenfeng Li, Shuai Yang, Yuming Xia, Bin Hao, Aimin Qin, Hong Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beijing China Beijing Information Science and Technology University School of Computer Science Beijing China Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Department of Pediatric Dentistry Beijing China Stony Brook University Department of Computer Science New York United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Traditional dental plaque detection relies on medical staining reagents and professional intervention. Deep learning-based automatic staining-free dental plaque segmentation provides an alternative for patients to perform plaque detection at home without staining reagents. However, existing methods still struggle with low-contrast visual features between unstained plaque and healthy teeth. To address this, we propose a Frequency-Guided Network (FGN) for low-contrast staining-free dental plaque segmentation. We observe that dental plaque tends to concentrate specifically near the junction between the teeth and the gingiva. This junction demonstrates abrupt changes in pixel values, indicating high-frequency regions in the image. In other words, dental plaque tends to appear near the high-frequency regions of oral endoscope images. Exploiting this characteristic, we employ a frequency-guided decoupling module to separate the image into high-frequency and low-frequency regions automatically and expand the high-frequency region to encompass nearby potential dental plaque. Then we supervise two regions individually to specifically focus on the expended high-frequency region for localizing nearby dental plaque. Additionally, we propose a high-to-low frequency multiple tasks framework. In the first phase, the network segments the teeth region, and then we input the teeth mask into the second phase. In the second stage, the teeth mask allows us to have a higher frequency at the junction between the teeth and gums, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of frequency-guided decoupling. Furthermore, FGN integrates a frequency-driven refinement module to enhance the guidance quality of the teeth mask for the second phase. Extensive evaluations of the oral endoscope dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms existing high-performance segmentation methods. User studies also confirm that our approach achieves superior results to experienced dentists. https://frequency-guided-netw

关键词： Image segmentation

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Building a Stereo and Wide-View Hybrid RGB/FIR Imaging System for Autonomous Vehicle

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2022年第2期22卷 1638-1651页

作者： Zhang, Yigong Sun, Zezhou Wu, Banghe Yang, Jian Kong, Hui Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China University of Macau Taipa China

In this work, a novel paradigm is proposed to build a hybrid RGB/FIR camera, which outputs pixel-wisely aligned and temporally synchronized RGB and FIR frames simultaneously. Compared with the existing schemes, we innovate in several ways to make it compact, practical, and extendable for real-world applications. First, we propose a new structure layout design of the hybrid camera, and we also design a removable adjuster to detach the hybrid camera from the base platform. For RGB and FIR image registration, we have achieved a pixel-wise spatial registration of the FIR and RGB frames by a two-step alignment, where we propose a ghost-effect removal scheme to remove the ghost effect from the rolling-shutter-based FIR camera. Finally, multiple hybrid cameras are extended to a hybrid camera array, through which we can obtain wide-view spatially aligned FIR, RGB and disparity images simultaneously. The experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the hybrid camera and the effectiveness of the designed stereo wide-view hybrid camera system. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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Polarization‑entangled photon‑pair source with van der Waals 3R‑WS_(2) crystal

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 99-106页

作者： Jiangang Feng Yun‑Kun Wu Ruihuan Duan Jun Wang Weijin Chen Jiazhang Qin Zheng Liu Guang‑Can Guo Xi‑Feng Ren Cheng‑Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Ultracompact entangled photon sources are pivotal to miniaturized quantum photonic *** der Waals(vdW)nonlinear crystals promise efficient photon-pair generation and on-chip monolithic integration with nanophotonic ***,it remains challenging to generate maximally entangled Bell states of photon pairs with high purity,generation rate,and fidelity required for practical ***,we realize a polarization-entangled photon-pair source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion in an ultrathin rhombohedral tungsten disulfide(3R-WS2)*** vdW entangled photonic source exhibits a high photon-pair purity with a coincidenceto-accidental ratio of above 800,a generation rate of 31 Hz,and two maximally polarization-entangled Bell states with fidelities exceeding 0.93 and entanglement degree over *** results stem from scalable optical nonlinearity,enhanced second-order susceptibility by electronic transitions,and a well-defined symmetry-enabled selection rule inherent in *** polarization entangled photon source can be integrated with photonic structures for generating more complex entangled states,thus paving an avenue for advanced quantum photonic systems toward computation and metrology.

关键词： purity maximal Polarization

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Chip-integrated quantum signature network over 200 km

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第4期14卷 1061-1069页

作者： Yongqiang Du Bing-Hong Li Xin Hua Xiao-Yu Cao Zhengeng Zhao Feng Xie Zhenrong Zhang Hua-Lei Yin Xi Xiao Kejin Wei Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China National Information Optoelectronics Innovation Center(NOEIC) Wuhan 430074China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology School of ComputerElectronicsand InformationGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education)Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China

The development of quantum networks is paramount towards practical and secure *** digital signatures(QDS)offer an information-theoretically secure solution for ensuring data integrity,authenticity,and nonrepudiation,rapidly growing from proof-of-concept to robust ***,previous QDS systems relied on expensive and bulky optical equipment,limiting large-scale deployment and reconfigurable networking ***,we introduce and verify a chip-based QDS network,placing the complicated and expensive measurement devices in the central relay while each user needs only a low-cost *** demonstrate the network with a three-node setup using an integrated encoder chip and decoder *** developing a 1-decoy-state one-time universal hashing-QDS protocol,we achieve a maximum signature rate of 0.0414 times per second for a 1 Mbit messages over fiber distances up to 200 km,surpassing all current state-of-the-art QDS *** study validates the feasibility of chip-based QDS,paving the way for large-scale deployment and integration with existing fiber infrastructure.

关键词： secure communications quantum networks chip based network large scale deployment digital signatures qds offer quantum digital signatures fiber distances decoy state protocol

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Competition on robust deep learning

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National science Review 2023年第6期10卷 13-15页

作者： Yinpeng Dong Chang Liu Wenzhao Xiang Hang Su Jun Zhu Department of Computer Science and Technology Institute for AI Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML Center THBI Lab BNRist Center Tsinghua University Institute of Image Communication and Networks Engineering in the Department of Electronic Engineering (EE) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Computing Technology CAS Peng Cheng Laboratory Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu)

PROBLEM In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology,especially machine learning and deep learning, is profoundly changing human production and *** various fields,such as robotics,face recognition,autonomous driving and healthcare,AI is playing an important ***,although AI is promoting the technological revolution and industrial progress,its security risks are often *** studies have found that the wellperforming deep learning models are extremely vulnerable to adversarial examples [1-3].The adversarial examples are crafted by applying small,humanimperceptible perturbations to natural examples,but can mislead deep learning models to make wrong *** vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial examples can raise security and safety threats to various realworld applications.

关键词： robustness adversarial example adversarial training deep learning

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A time-coded multi-concentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator for high-throughput probing suspension single-cell signaling

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第6期33卷 3091-3096页

作者： Yiran Guo Peng Chen Zhaolong Gao Yiwei Li Shunji Li Xiaojun Feng Bi-Feng Liu The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The cellular response to the complex extracellular microenvironment is highly dynamic in time and type of extracellular *** reconstructing this process and analyzing the changes in receptor conformation on the cell membrane surface and intracellular or intercellular signaling has been a major challenge in analytical chemistry and biophysical *** this paper,a time-coded multiconcentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator was developed for the dynamic signaling probing with single-cell array of high temporal resolution,high throughput,and multi-concentration combination *** on innovative microchannel structure,sophisticated external control methods and multiplexing technology,the system not only allowed for temporally sequential permutations of the four concentrations of stimuli(time code),but also generated pulsed and continuous waveforms at different frequencies in a highly controllable ***,the single-cell trap array was set up to efficiently capture cells in suspension,dramatically increasing throughput and reducing experiment preparation *** maximum frequency of the platform was 1 Hz,and one cell could be stimulated at multiple *** show the ability of the system to investigate rapid biochemical events in high throughput,pulse stimulation and continuous stimulation of different frequencies and different time codes,combined with four concentrations of histamine(HA),were generated for probing G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)signaling in He La ***,statistical analysis was performed for the mean peak height and mean peak area of the cellular *** believe that the time-coded multi-concentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator will provide a novel strategy for analytical chemistry,biophysics,cell signaling,and individualized medicine applications.

关键词： Microfluidics Dynamic stimulation Time code High-throughput Single-cell array

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Learning to Communicate Among Agents for Large-Scale Dynamic Path Planning With Genetic Programming Hyperheuristic

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第5期6卷 1269-1283页

作者： Liao, Xiao-Cheng Hu, Xiao-Min Chen, Xiang-Ling Mei, Yi Jia, Ya-Hui Chen, Wei-Neng Victoria University of Wellington Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence School of Engineering and Computer Science Wellington6140 New Zealand Guangdong University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Guangzhou510006 China Hanyang University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ansan15588 Korea Republic of South China University of Technology School of Future Technology Guangzhou510006 China Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510005 China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science Guangzhou510006 China

Genetic programming hyperheuristic (GPHH) has recently become a promising methodology for large-scale dynamic path planning (LDPP) since it can produce reusable heuristics rather than disposable solutions. However, in this methodology, the extracted local and decentralized heuristic for agents that lack a global systemic view sometimes may be problematic. Therefore, a new challenge is to strike a balance between conciseness to improve generalization ability and incorporation of more global information to obtain better performance. In this work, we target the LDPP problem and propose a communication learning mechanism (ComLGP) for GPHH to address the above difficulties. In ComLGP, a communication function is introduced to serve as a communication protocol and exist in the form of an extra terminal in GPHH. Compared to the classic terminals which are fixed in genetic programing, this communication function undergoes optimization along with the evolutionary process of GPHH. In this way, the communication function can be learned which enables agents to communicate without a predefined communication protocol. Then, a caching and lazy updating mechanism for ComLGP is presented to accelerate the calculation of communication content. Last, we verified our method on 22 scenarios including two real world road networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ComLGP can successfully learn to communicate. Although in the absence of any manually designed communication features, ComLGP is capable of achieving performance competitive to the state-of-the-art method that employs a predefined communication protocol and outperforms the remaining compared methods in most scenarios. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic programming

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