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IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded systems 2024年第3期2024卷 200-223页

作者： Yu, Tianrun Cheng, Chi Yang, Zilong Wang, Yingchen Pan, Yanbin Weng, Jian Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Xian China The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Key Laboratory of Mathematics Mechanization Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Information Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou China

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) has been widely used in accelerating computations in lattice-based cryptography. However, attackers can potentially launch power analysis targeting the NTT because it is one of the most time-consuming parts of the implementation. This extended time frame provides a natural window of opportunity for attackers. In this paper, we investigate the first CPU frequency leakage (Hertzbleed-like) attacks against NTT in lattice-based KEMs. Our key observation is that different inputs to NTT incur different Hamming weights in its output and intermediate layers. By measuring the CPU frequency during the execution of NTT, we propose a simple yet effective attack idea to find the input to NTT that triggers NTT processing data with significantly low Hamming weight. We further apply our attack idea to real-world applications that are built upon NTT: CPA-secure Kyber without Compression and Decompression functions, and CCA-secure NTTRU. This leads us to extract information or frequency hints about the secret key. Integrating these hints into the LWE-estimator framework, we estimate a minimum of 35% security loss caused by the leakage. The frequency and timing measurements on the Reference and AVX2 implementations of NTT in both Kyber and NTTRU align well with our theoretical analysis, confirming the existence of frequency side-channel leakage in NTT. It is important to emphasize that our observation is not limited to a specific implementation but rather the algorithm on which NTT is based. Therefore, our results call for more attention to the analysis of power leakage against NTT in lattice-based cryptography. © 2024, Ruhr-University of Bochum. All rights reserved.

关键词： Side channel attack

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Federated Collaborative Graph Neural Networks for Few-shot Graph Classification

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第6期21卷 1077-1091页

作者： Yu Xie Yanfeng Liang Chao Wen A.K.Qin Maoguo Gong School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030000China Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems of Ministry of Education Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne3000Australia

Graph neural networks(GNNs)have achieved state-of-the-art performance on graph classification tasks,which aim to pre-dict the class labels of entire graphs and have widespread ***,existing GNN based methods for graph classification are data-hungry and ignore the fact that labeling graph examples is extremely expensive due to the intrinsic *** import-antly,real-world graph data are often scattered in different *** by these observations,this article presents federated collaborative graph neural networks for few-shot graph classification,termed *** its owned graph examples,each client first trains two branches to collaboratively characterize each graph from different views and obtains a high-quality local few-shot graph learn-ing model that can generalize to novel categories not seen while *** each branch,initial graph embeddings are extracted by any GNN and the relation information among graph examples is incorporated to produce refined graph representations via relation aggrega-tion layers for few-shot graph classification,which can reduce over-fitting while learning with scarce labeled graph ***,multiple clients owning graph data unitedly train the few-shot graph classification models with better generalization ability and effect-ively tackle the graph data island *** experimental results on few-shot graph classification benchmarks demonstrate the ef-fectiveness and superiority of our proposed framework.

关键词： Graph neural networks federated learning collaborative learning few-shot learning graph classification

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Formal management-specifying approach for model-based safety assessment

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Journal of systems Engineering and Electronics 2023年第6期34卷 1589-1601页

作者： XU Changyi DUAN Yiman ZHANG Chao School of Control Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of EducationDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

In the field of model-based system assessment,mathematical models are used to interpret the system ***,the industrial systems in this intelligent era will be more *** management operations will be dynamically set,and the system will be no longer static as it is initially ***,the static model generated by the traditional model-based safety assessment(MBSA)approach cannot be used to accurately assess the *** mainly exists three ***:huge and complex behaviors make the modeling to be trivial manual;Dynamic:though there are thousands of states and transitions,the previous model must be resubmitted to assess whenever new management arrives;Unreusable:as for different systems,the model must be resubmitted by reconsidering both the management and the system itself at the same time though the management is the *** by solving the above problems,this research studies a formal management specifying approach with the advantages of agility modeling,dynamic modeling,and specification design that can be ***,three typical managements are specified in a series-parallel system as a demonstration to show the potential.

关键词： model-based safety assessment(MBSA) management availability reliability maintainability continuous time Markov chain.

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Superior Flexible Tactile Sensor with AI-based Unit Microstructure Design for Human and Robot Parameters Monitoring Application

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第12期25卷 21238-21246页

作者： Yao, Pei Liu, Zhuo Xiao, Xuan Duo, Yongchao Dai, Guang Wang, Liang Xu, Hongchen Tiangong University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin300387 China Tiangong University School of Textiles Science and Engineering Tianjin300387 China Tianjin University of Technology School of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Intelligent Photonics School of Science Tianjin300384 China Shanxi Xi'an710049 China Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Instrument Science and Technology Shanxi Xi'an710049 China

Due to the development of wearable monitoring systems and the gradually expanding application demand, research interest has turned to free-form microstructures design capable of realizing superior and stable piezoresistive responses. The deep learning methods can accelerate and improve microstructure design with data-driven precision and increased efficiency. In this study, the concept of programmable microstructure is introduced to digitalize microstructure unit, convolutional neural network (CNN) model and Tabu-Search algorithm are respectively used to predict and search iteratively novel stress-voltage (S-V) responses from the finite element modeling (FEM) training set. Therefore, efficient exploration of parameter space and faster generating of novel microstructure designs can be achieved by the proposed algorithm framework, and the optimized microstructure has also been experimentally validated. Moreover, the working mechanism of the sensing medium layer is explicated by the resistance evolution of Ti2CTx-MXene atomic layers under the compressive strain via density functional theory calculations. The proposed AI-based tactile sensor exhibits high sensitivity, large linearity, fast response, and excellent cycling stability, it leverages strong capabilities to detect human being's subtle activities and terrain perception of snake robot. This study could achieve a higher degree in human physiological monitoring and robot tactile construction, and gain a new insight for digital microstructure in sensor design. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Programmable robots

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On the upper bounds of (1,0)-super solutions for the regular balanced random (k,2s)-SAT problem

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第4期18卷 139-146页

作者： Yongping WANG Daoyun XU Jincheng ZHOU School of Information Guizhou University of Finance and EconomicsGuiyang 550025China College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Computer and Information Qiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyun 558000China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Province Duyun 558000China

This paper explores the conditions which make a regular balancedrandom(k,2s)-CNFformula(1,O)-unsatisfiable with high *** conditions also make a random instance of the regular balanced(k-1,2(k-1)s)-SAT problem unsatisfiable with high probability,where the instance obeys a distribution which differs from the distribution obeyed by a regular balanced random(k-1,2(k-1)s)-CNF *** F be a regular balanced random(k,2s)-CNF formula where k≥3,then there exists a number so such that F is(1,O)-unsatisfiable with high probability if s>so.A numerical solution of the number so when k e(5,6,...,14)is given to conduct simulated *** simulated experiments verify the theoretical ***,the experiments also suggest that F is(1,O)-satisfiable with high probability if s is less than a certain value.

关键词： regular balanced random(k,2s)-SAT problem (1,0)-super solution upper bound

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Introduction to the Special Issue on Formal Methods and Models for System Design

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ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing systems 2025年第3期24卷 1-3页

作者： Brandt, Jens Saha, Indranil Zhang, Lijun Hochschule Niederrhein Krefeld Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

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RaDIO: Real-Time Hallucination Detection with Contextual Index Optimized Query Formulation for Dynamic Retrieval Augmented Generation 39

RaDIO: Real-Time Hallucination Detection with Contextual Ind...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Zhu, Jia Guo, Hanghui Shi, Weijie Chen, Zhangze De Meo, Pasquale The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application Zhejiang Normal University China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China Department of Computer Science University of Messina Italy

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

The Dynamic Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm actively decides when and what to retrieve during the text generation process of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current dynamic RAG methods fall short in both aspects: identifying the optimal moment to activate the retrieval module and crafting the appropriate query once retrieval is triggered. To overcome these limitations, we introduce an approach, namely, RaDIO, Real-Time Hallucination Detection with Contextual Index Optimized query formulation for dynamic RAG. The approach is specifically designed to make decisions on when and what to retrieve based on the LLM’s real-time information needs during the text generation process. We evaluate RaDIO along with existing methods comprehensively over several knowledge-intensive generation datasets. Experimental results show that RaDIO achieves superior performance on all tasks, demonstrating the effectiveness of our work. © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

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Equalizer Zero-Determinant Strategy in Discounted Repeated Stackelberg Asymmetric Game

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Journal of systems science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 184-203页

作者： CHENG Zhaoyang CHEN Guanpu HONG Yiguang Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology10044 StockholmSweden. Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji UniversityShanghai 210201China

This paper focuses on the performance of equalizer zero-determinant(ZD)strategies in discounted repeated Stackelberg asymmetric *** the leader-follower adversarial scenario,the strong Stackelberg equilibrium(SSE)deriving from the opponents’best response(BR),is technically the optimal strategy for the ***,computing an SSE strategy may be difficult since it needs to solve a mixed-integer program and has exponential complexity in the number of *** this end,the authors propose an equalizer ZD strategy,which can unilaterally restrict the opponent’s expected *** authors first study the existence of an equalizer ZD strategy with one-to-one situations,and analyze an upper bound of its performance with the baseline SSE *** the authors turn to multi-player models,where there exists one player adopting an equalizer ZD *** authors give bounds of the weighted sum of opponents’s utilities,and compare it with the SSE ***,the authors give simulations on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and the moving target defense(MTD)to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Discounted repeated Stackelberg asymmetric game equalizer zero-determinant strategy strong Stackelberg equilibrium strategy

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AI-Enabled Multimedia Semantic Communications

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IEEE Communications Magazine 2025年第6期63卷 66-73页

作者： Li, Chenxing Duan, Yiping Wang, Liejun Tao, Xiaoming Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering China State Key Laboratory of Space Network China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Xinjiang University China

With increasing demand for mobile communication and the development of artificial intelligence, the development of the sixth-generation mobile communication network (6G) will be oriented toward more intelligent and multimodal services. It is necessary to consider the deep integration of information, communication, and data technologies and build a full life cycle resource management framework for computing, data, artificial intelligence models, and communication. To address the requirements of 6G intelligent applications and multimodal services, this article refers to the visual cognitive mechanism of the human brain to improve multimedia representation and communication efficiency and studies the architecture of semantic communication systems, privacy protection mechanisms, and quality evaluation and guarantee mechanisms. The "semantic-network-semantic" architecture was established to integrate semantic computing, intelligent communication, and endogenous security to improve transmission efficiency, service quality, and security credibility. Through prior semantic knowledge, semantic representation, and encoding transmission methods, the quality of service of semantic communication is improved. To build an efficient 6G semantic communication paradigm and system, the communication mode should be changed, and new ideas for future mobile communication should be provided. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multimedia services

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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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