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eTransportation 2025年 24卷

作者： Yu, Hanqing Zhang, Hongcai Zhang, Zhengjie Yang, Shichun State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing102206 China

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become indispensable in modern energy storage applications. However, accurate and reliable state estimation, such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and other critical variables, remain significant challenges, especially as LIBs are being pushed to their performance limits in advanced applications. Traditional methods can be broadly categorized into physics-based (PB) and machine learning (ML) methods. Each approach has its strengths but also inherent limitations. In recent years, integrating PB and ML methods has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges, combining the physical interpretability of PB models with the adaptability and efficiency of ML techniques. This integration has demonstrated remarkable improvements, reducing estimation errors by approximately half compared to traditional methods. This review systematically categorizes these combined methods into three main strategies—serial, parallel, and hybrid—and further analyzes their applications in LIB state estimation, focusing on key variables such as voltage, SOC, SOH, state of temperature (SOT), and other states. Additionally, this review discusses key challenges in real applications and presents future outlooks. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge, this work provides valuable guidance specifically tailored for electric vehicle engineers and energy storage researchers facing real-world deployment challenges, offering potential benefits in terms of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in battery management systems. Ultimately, the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of LIB state estimation can be advanced through hybrid methods, bridging the gap between academic research and industrial applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： state of charge

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A Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding Scheme for Hybrid Mobile Multi-hop Networks

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年

作者： Bian, Chenghong Shao, Yulin Gündüz, Deniz Imperial College London Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SAR China

Efficient data transmission across mobile multi-hop networks that connect edge devices to core servers presents significant challenges, particularly due to the variability in link qualities between wireless and wired segments. This variability necessitates a robust transmission scheme that transcends the limitations of existing deep joint source-channel coding (Deep-JSCC) strategies, which often struggle at the intersection of analog and digital methods. Addressing this need, this paper introduces a novel hybrid DeepJSCC framework, h-DJSCC, tailored for effective image transmission from edge devices through a network architecture that includes initial wireless transmission followed by multiple wired hops. Our approach harnesses the strengths of DeepJSCC for the initial, variable-quality wireless link to avoid the cliff effect inherent in purely digital schemes. For the subsequent wired hops, which feature more stable and high-capacity connections, we implement digital compression and forwarding techniques to prevent noise accumulation. This dual-mode strategy is adaptable even in scenarios with limited knowledge of the image distribution, enhancing the framework's robustness and utility. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that our hybrid solution outperforms traditional fully digital approaches by effectively managing transitions between different network segments and optimizing for variable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). We also introduce a fully adaptive h-DJSCC architecture with both SNR-adaptive (SA) and rate-adaptive (RA) modules capable of adjusting to different network conditions and achieving diverse rate-distortion objectives, thereby reducing the memory requirements on network nodes. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Channel coding

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An active power control of DFIG-based wind turbine generators for frequency regulation with expected dynamic performance

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Applied Energy 2025年 391卷

作者： Zhao, Teyang Liu, Hui Wang, Ni Su, Jinshuo Luo, Zhiqiang Ma, Siyu School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning530004 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology Guangxi University Nanning530004 China The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 519000 China

The escalating wind power penetration presents a substantial challenge in ensuring the system frequency stability. Although wind turbine generators (WTGs) can offer rapid frequency support by the presetting power trajectory response (PPTR), it will result in a secondary frequency dip (SFD) while facing the demand of restoring rotor speed after frequency regulation. Moreover, the frequency overshoot will occur due to the fixed power increment provided by PPTR under minor disturbances. In this paper, an active power control strategy of DFIG-based WTGs is proposed for eliminating frequency overshoot and mitigating SFD while providing power support for the system frequency. A rotor-speed-based power increment and power attenuation trajectory are designed to enhance the primary frequency nadir while ensuring the operation stability of WTGs. After that, SFD will be mitigated by the proposed parabolic-formed compensation power. Moreover, a power increment control mode is proposed to eliminate the frequency overshoot by a membership-function-based global controller, which can smoothly switch the combined inertial response and the improved PPTR to provide a flexible power increment. Finally, the validity of the proposed strategy in improving frequency nadir, eliminating frequency overshoot, and mitigating SFD are verified by simulations under different wind power penetration levels, disturbances, and wind conditions. © 2025

关键词： Frequency stability

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Secure Communication in Dynamic RDARS-Driven Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pei, Ziqian Wang, Jintao Zhang, Pingping Shi, Zheng Yang, Guanghua Ma, Shaodan State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau Macau999078 China School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Jinan University Zhuhai519070 China

In this letter, we investigate a dynamic reconfigurable distributed antenna and reflection surface (RDARS)driven secure communication system, where the working mode of the RDARS can be flexibly configured. We aim to maximize the secrecy rate by jointly designing the active beamforming vectors, reflection coefficients, and the channel-aware mode selection matrix. To address the non-convex binary and cardinality constraints introduced by dynamic mode selection, we propose an efficient alternating optimization (AO) framework that employs penalty-based fractional programming (FP) and successive convex approximation (SCA) transformations. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of RDARS in enhancing the secrecy rate and show its superiority compared to existing reflection surface-based schemes. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Secure communication

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Wireless Communication with Flexible Reflector: Joint Placement and Rotation Optimization for Coverage Enhancement

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Lu, Haiquan Yu, Zhi Zeng, Yong Ma, Shaodan Jin, Shi Zhang, Rui Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore117583 Singapore

Passive metal reflectors for communication enhancement have appealing advantages such as ultra low cost, zero energy expenditure, maintenance-free operation, long life span, and full compatibility with legacy wireless systems. To unleash the full potential of passive reflectors for wireless communications, this paper proposes a new passive reflector architecture, termed flexible reflector (FR), for enabling the flexible adjustment of beamforming direction via the FR placement and rotation optimization. We consider the multi-FR aided area coverage enhancement and aim to maximize the minimum expected receive power over all locations within the target coverage area, by jointly optimizing the placement positions and rotation angles of multiple FRs. To gain useful insights, the special case of movable reflector (MR) with fixed rotation is first studied to maximize the expected receive power at a target location, where the optimal single-MR placement positions for electrically large and small reflectors are derived in closed-form, respectively. It is shown that the reflector should be placed at the specular reflection point for electrically large reflector. While for area coverage enhancement, the optimal placement is obtained for the single-MR case and a sequential placement algorithm is proposed for the multi-MR case. Moreover, for the general case of FR, joint placement and rotation design is considered for the single-/multi-FR aided coverage enhancement, respectively. Numerical results are presented which demonstrate significant performance gains of FRs over various benchmark schemes under different practical setups in terms of receive power enhancement. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Joint optimization of location and topology of multi-terminal soft open point in distribution networks

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International Journal of electrical Power and Energy Systems 2025年 169卷

作者： Zhou, Haibo Xiong, Guojiang Fu, Xiaofan Wong, Man-Chung Dessaint, Louis-A. Al-Haddad, Kamal College of Electrical Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Thing Smart City University of Macau China Department of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure Université du Québec MontrealH3C 1K3 Canada

The popularization of renewable energy has led to problems including excessive current and voltage violations in distribution networks. Soft open point (SOP) enables real-time continuous active and reactive power regulation to alleviate these problems. However, how many terminals of a SOP should be set, and which feeders should be interconnected with these terminals is a crucial issue. To address this issue and fully utilize the performance of SOP, this paper conducts a comparative study of SOP with different topologies. First, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model to reveal the effect of multi-terminal SOP (MTSOP) in minimizing system losses and voltage deviation is developed. Second, to facilitate the solution, the NLP model is transformed into a second-order cone programming (SOCP) model based on cone relaxation. Finally, validation on the IEEE 33-, 69- and 141-node systems is conducted. MTSOP can reduce the total losses of IEEE 33-, 69- and 141-node systems by up to 23.54 %, 37.98 %, and 28.90 %, respectively. Although SOPs with a large number of terminals have excellent performance, they are difficult to gain an advantage in feasibility. Therefore, it is not necessarily better to have more terminals in an MTSOP which should be determined based on the characteristics of distribution networks. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Topology

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Joint Size and Placement Optimization for IRS-Aided Communications with Active and Passive Elements

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年

作者： Peng, Qiaoyan Wu, Qingqing Chen, Wen Huang, Chaoying Zheng, Beixiong Ma, Shaodan Jian, Mengnan Chen, Yijian Yang, Jun Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China South China University of Technology School of Microelectronics Guangzhou511442 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen518172 China ZTE Corporation Shenzhen518057 China

Different types of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) are exploited for assisting wireless communications. The joint use of passive IRS (PIRS) and active IRS (AIRS) emerges as a promising solution owing to their complementary advantages. They can be integrated into a single hybrid active-passive IRS (HIRS) or deployed in a distributed manner, which poses challenges in determining the IRS element allocation and placement for rate maximization. In this paper, we investigate the capacity of an IRS-aided wireless communication system with both active and passive elements. Specifically, we consider three deployment schemes: 1) base station (BS)→HIRS→user (BHU);2) BS→AIRS→PIRS→user (BAPU);3) BS→PIRS→AIRS→user (BPAU). Under the line-of-sight channel model, we formulate a rate maximization problem via a joint optimization of the IRS element allocation and placement. We first derive the optimized number of active and passive elements for BHU, BAPU, and BPAU schemes, respectively. Then, low-complexity HIRS/AIRS placement strategies are provided. To obtain more insights, we characterize the system capacity scaling orders for the three schemes with respect to the large total number of IRS elements, amplification power budget, and BS transmit power. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate our theoretical findings and show the performance difference among the BHU, BAPU, and BPAU schemes with the proposed joint design under various system setups. ©1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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A Multiple Energy Conversion Channels Fusion Grid-Connected Inverter for Large-Scale PV Active Power Injection Preventing Power Loss Caused by Insufficient MPP PV Voltage

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Pang, Ying Yang, Hao Ji, Yanju Zhang, Xinhao Zhu, Yongji Li, Gang Xiang, Zeng Gong, Cheng Qiu, Shilin Zhou, Haigen Wong, Man-Chung Lin, Jun Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Exploration and Imaging College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Changchun130026 China Jilin University College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Changchun130021 China Jilin University Department of Laboratory Animals College of Animal Sciences Changchun China Tongda Electromagnetic Energy Co. Ltd. Changsha410000 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI Macao999078 China University of Macau Institute of Microelectronics Macao999078 China University of Macau Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Macao999078 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Macao999078 China

In the context of the increasing global demand for renewable energy and the rapid development of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power generation, efficient grid connection of PV energy has become crucial. However, existing gridconnected inverters (GCI) face issues such as high-power losses issue of inductive GCI (IGCI) or limited operating ranges issue of capacitive GCI (CGCI). This paper introduces a multiple energy conversion channels fusion GCI (MC-FGCI) for largescale PV power injection. First, MC-FGCI is proposed based on a new topology circuit configuration. Second, an equivalent circuit model of IGCI and CGCI is introduced to calculate the critical point for channel switching. The IGCI and CGCI efficient operating boundaries are determined based on the critical point. Third, based on the efficient operating boundaries, a finite state machine (FSM) based method is proposed to choose the optimal VSI for high-efficiency grid connection. Finally, experimental results show that compared to previous multiple parallel IGCI (MP-IGCI), the proposed MC-FGCI saves around 11% power loss by eliminating the lossy DC/DC link. Compared to MP-CGCI, the proposed MC-FGCI expands the active power injection range under low maximum power point (MPP) voltage. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Equivalent circuits

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Robust Beamforming Design and Antenna Selection for Dynamic HRIS-aided MISO Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Jintao Zhou, Binggui Ma, Chengzhi Gong, Shiqi Yang, Guanghua Ma, Shaodan University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Macau999078 China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing100081 China Jinan University School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Zhuhai519070 China

In this paper, we propose a dynamic hybrid active-passive reconfigurable intelligent surface (HRIS) to enhance multiple-input-single-output (MISO) communications, leveraging the property of dynamically placing active elements. Specifically, considering the impact of hardware impairments (HWIs), we investigate channel-aware configurations of the receive antennas at the base station (BS) and the active/passive elements at the HRIS to improve transmission reliability. To this end, we propose a penalty-based exact block coordinate descent (PEBCD) algorithm to address the mean-square-error (MSE) minimization problem for the dynamic HRIS-aided MISO system by jointly optimizing the BS receive antenna selection matrix, the reflection phase coefficients, the reflection amplitude matrix, and the mode selection matrix of the HRIS. Numerical simulations demonstrate the significant superiority of our proposed scheme over conventional benchmark schemes. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Rectennas

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Hybrid Programming-based Scheduling Approach for Many Heterogeneous Computing Tasks with Asynchronous Generation in Iiot

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Hu, Bingtao Zhong, Ruirui Wang, Yong Wang, Tianyue Feng, Yixiong Zhou, MengChu Tan, Jianrong Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Hangzhou310058 China Hangzhou Dianzi University Institute of Industrial Internet Hangzhou310018 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Systems Engineering China Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guiyang550025 China New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkNJ07102 United States

Industrial Internet of Things (Iiot) plays a crucial role in advancing smart manufacturing by connecting numerous devices, enabling data exchanges, and supporting industrial applications. Yet, the timely and proper scheduling of asynchronously generated Heterogeneous Computing Tasks (HCTs) in Iiot environments remains a significant challenge. In this article, we first introduce the representation and notation of such HCTs and define a computing network structure. We then propose an initial mathematical programming-based scheduling model aimed at minimizing HCT completion time. To make this model easy to solve, we reformulate it by using logical constraints and derive a constraint programming-based model, for which a feasibility-guaranteed solution algorithm is developed. This algorithm leverages two easily-verified propositions to either identify feasible solutions or demonstrate the infeasibility of the ***, we have proven a critical proposition that facilitates the development of a hybrid programming-based scheduling approach, effectively combining the strengths of both mathematical and constraint programming models. As demonstrated through extensive computational experiments, our proposed approach achieves an average reduction of 20% in HCT completion time in comparison with its existing peers. It consistently and timely provides the high-quality solutions that meet the required deadlines. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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