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Nature communications 2020年第1期11卷 5556页

作者： Hao Tian Huajun Tian Shijian Wang Shuangming Chen Fan Zhang Li Song Hao Liu Jian Liu Guoxiu Wang Faculty of Science Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW 2007 Australia. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road 116023 Dalian China. National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei Anhui China. National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei Anhui China. song2012@***. Faculty of Science Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW 2007 Australia. hao.liu@uts.edu.au. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road 116023 Dalian China. jian.liu@surrey.ac.uk. DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials Department of Chemical and Process Engineering and Advanced Technology Institute University of Surrey Guilford Surrey GU2 7XH UK. jian.liu@surrey.ac.uk. Faculty of Science Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW 2007 Australia. guoxiu.wang@uts.edu.au.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Dense matter with eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 28-44页

作者： Anna L.Watts WenFei Yu Juri Poutanen Shu Zhang Sudip Bhattacharyya Slavko Bogdanov Long Ji Alessandro Patruno Thomas E.Riley Pavel Bakala Altan Baykal Federico Bernardini Ignazio Bombaci Edward Brown Yuri Cavecchi Deepto Chakrabarty Jér?me Chenevez Nathalie Degenaar Melania Del Santo Tiziana Di Salvo Victor Doroshenko Maurizio Falanga Robert D.Ferdman Marco Feroci Angelo F.Gambino MingYu Ge Svenja K.Greif Sebastien Guillot Can Gungor Dieter H.Hartmann Kai Hebeler Alexander Heger Jeroen Homan Rosario Iaria Jean in 't Zand Oleg Kargaltsev Aleksi KurkelaTheoretical Physics Department CERN XiaoYu Lai Ang Li XiangDong Li ZhaoSheng Li Manuel Linares FangJun Lu Simin Mahmoodifar Mariano Méndez M.Coleman Miller Sharon Morsink Joonas N?ttil? Andrea Possenti Chanda Prescod-Weinstein JinLu Qu Alessandro Riggio Tuomo Salmi Andrea Sanna Andrea Santangelo Hendrik Schatz Achim Schwenk LiMing Song Eva?rámková Benjamin Stappers Holger Stiele Tod Strohmayer Ingo Tews Laura Tolos Gabriel T?r?k David Tsang Martin Urbanec Andrea Vacchi RenXin Xu YuPeng Xu Silvia Zane GuoBao Zhang ShuangNan Zhang WenDa Zhang ShiJie Zheng Xia Zhou Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Tuorla Observatory Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Nordita KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Tübingen Universit?t Tübingen Leiden Observatory Leiden University Research Center for Computational Physics and Data Processing Silesian University in Opava Physics Department Middle East Technical University INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma New York University Abu Dhabi Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi University of Pisa INFN Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research DTU Space Technical University of Denmark INAF/IASF Palermo via Ugo La Malfa 153 Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Faculty of Science University of East Anglia INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Instituto de Astrof'?sica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Department of Physics & Astronomy Kinard Lab of Physics Clemson University School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Department of Physics The George Washington University Faculty of Science and Technology University of Stavanger School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Hubei University of Education Department of Astronomy Xiamen University (Haiyun Campus) School of Astronomy and Space

In this White Paper we present the potential of the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for determining the nature of dense matter; neutron star cores host an extreme density regime which cannot be replicated in a terrestrial laboratory. The tightest statistical constraints on the dense matter equation of state will come from pulse profile modelling of accretion-powered pulsars, burst oscillation sources, and rotation-powered pulsars. Additional constraints will derive from spin measurements, burst spectra, and properties of the accretion flows in the vicinity of the neutron star. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020 s.

关键词： neutron X-rays dense matter equation of state

Long-wavelength fluctuations and anomalous dynamics in two-dimensional liquids

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Yan-Wei Mishra, Chandan K. Sun, Zhaoyan Zhao, Kun Mason, Thomas G. Ganapathy, Rajesh Ciamarra, Massimo Pica Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur Bangalore560064 India Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130022 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States International Centre for Materials Science Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur Bangalore560064 India CNR-SPIN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Università di Napoli Federico II NapoliI-80126 Italy

Long-wavelength Mermin-Wagner fluctuations prevent the existence of translational long-range order, in two-dimensional systems at finite temperature. Their dynamical signature, which is the divergence of the vibrational amplitude with the system size, also affects disordered solids and washes out the transient solid-like response generally exhibited by liquids cooled below their melting temperature. Through a combined numerical and experimental investigation, here we show that long-wavelength fluctuations are also relevant at high temperature, where the liquid dynamics does not reveal a transient solid-like response. In this regime, they induce an unusual but ubiquitous decoupling between long-time diffusion coefficient D and structural relaxation time τ, where D ∝ τ-κ, with κ > 1. Long-wavelength fluctuations have a negligible influence on the relaxation dynamics only at extremely high temperatures, in molecular liquids, or extremely low densities, in colloidal systems. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Liquids

Incorporating Born solvation energy into the three-dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Planck model to study ion selectivity in KcsA K+ channels

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Physical Review E 2017年第6期96卷 062416-062416页

作者： Xuejiao Liu Benzhuo Lu State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China and School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Potassium channels are much more permeable to potassium than sodium ions, although potassium ions are larger and both carry the same positive charge. This puzzle cannot be solved based on the traditional Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory of electrodiffusion because the PNP model treats all ions as point charges, does not incorporate ion size information, and therefore cannot discriminate potassium from sodium ions. The PNP model can qualitatively capture some macroscopic properties of certain channel systems such as current-voltage characteristics, conductance rectification, and inverse membrane potential. However, the traditional PNP model is a continuum mean-field model and has no or underestimates the discrete ion effects, in particular the ion solvation or self-energy (which can be described by Born model). It is known that the dehydration effect (closely related to ion size) is crucial to selective permeation in potassium channels. Therefore, we incorporated Born solvation energy into the PNP model to account for ion hydration and dehydration effects when passing through inhomogeneous dielectric channel environments. A variational approach was adopted to derive a Born-energy-modified PNP (BPNP) model. The model was applied to study a cylindrical nanopore and a realistic KcsA channel, and three-dimensional finite element simulations were performed. The BPNP model can distinguish different ion species by ion radius and predict selectivity for K+ over Na+ in KcsA channels. Furthermore, ion current rectification in the KcsA channel was observed by both the PNP and BPNP models. The I−V curve of the BPNP model for the KcsA channel indicated an inward rectifier effect for K+ (rectification ratio of ∼3/2) but indicated an outward rectifier effect for Na+ (rectification ratio of ∼1/6).

关键词： Electrostatic interactions Biomolecules Finite-element method

Anisotropic adaptive finite element method for magnetohydrodynamic flow at high Hartmann numbers

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2016年第11期37卷 1479-1500页

作者： Jikun ZHAO Shipeng MAO Weiying ZHENG School of Mathematics and Statistics Zhengzhou University State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing (LSEC) and Institute of Computational Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science (AMSS) Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper presents an anisotropic adaptive finite element method （FEM） to solve the governing equations of steady magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） duct flow. A resid- ual error estimator is presented for the standard FEM, and two-sided bounds on the error independent of the aspect ratio of meshes are provided. Based on the Zienkiewicz-Zhu es- timates, a computable anisotropic error indicator and an implement anisotropic adaptive refinement for the MHD problem are derived at different values of the Hartmann number. The most distinguishing feature of the method is that the layer information from some directions is captured well such that the number of mesh vertices is dramatically reduced for a given level of accuracy. Thus, this approach is more suitable for approximating the layer problem at high Hartmann numbers. Numerical results show efficiency of the algorithm.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow posteriori error estimate anisotropicadaptive finite element method （FEM）

Cooperative computing Techniques for a Deeply Fused and Heterogeneous Many-Core Processor Architecture

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2015年第1期30卷 145-162页

作者：郑方李宏亮吕晖过锋许晓红谢向辉 State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Wuxi 214125 China

Due to advances in semiconductor techniques, many-core processors have been widely used in high performance computing. However, many applications still cannot be carried out efficiently due to the memory wall, which has become a bottleneck in many-core processors. In this paper, we present a novel heterogeneous many-core processor architecture named deeply fused many-core （DFMC） for high performance computing systems. DFMC integrates management processing ele- ments （MPEs） and computing processing elements （CPEs）, which are heterogeneous processor cores for different application features with a unified ISA （instruction set architecture）, a unified execution model, and share-memory that supports cache coherence. The DFMC processor can alleviate the memory wall problem by combining a series of cooperative computing techniques of CPEs, such as multi-pattern data stream transfer, efficient register-level communication mechanism, and fast hardware synchronization technique. These techniques are able to improve on-chip data reuse and optimize memory access performance. This paper illustrates an implementation of a full system prototype based on FPGA with four MPEs and 256 CPEs. Our experimental results show that the effect of the cooperative computing techniques of CPEs is significant, with DGEMM （double-precision matrix multiplication） achieving an efficiency of 94%, FFT （fast Fourier transform） obtaining a performance of 207 GFLOPS and FDTD （finite-difference time-domain） obtaining a performance of 27 GFLOPS.

关键词： heterogeneous many-core processor data stream transfer register-level communication mechanism hardwaresynchronization technique processor prototype

Gapped boundary theory of the twisted gauge theory model of three-dimensional topological orders

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Wang, Hongyu Li, Yingcheng Hu, Yuting Wan, Yidun State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Institute for Nanoelectronic devices and Quantum computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China

We extend the twisted gauge theory model of topological orders in three spatial dimensions to the case where the three spaces have two dimensional boundaries. We achieve this by systematically constructing the boundary Hamiltonians that are compatible with the bulk Hamoltonian. Given the bulk Hamiltonian defined by a gauge group G and a four-cocycle ω in the fourth cohomology group of G over U(1), a boundary Hamiltonian can be defined by a subgroup K of G and a three-cochain α in the third cochain group of K over U(1). The boundary Hamiltonian to be constructed must be gapped and invariant under the topological renormalization group flow (via Pachner moves), leading to a generalized Frobenius condition. Given K, a solution to the generalized Frobenius condition specifies a gapped boundary condition. We derive a closed-form formula of the ground state degeneracy of the model on a three-cylinder, which can be naturally generalized to three-spaces with more boundaries. We also derive the explicit ground-state wavefunction of the model on a three-ball. The ground state degeneracy and ground-state wavefunction are both presented solely in terms of the input data of the model, namely, {G, ω, K, α}. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hamiltonians

Nonabelian magnonics in antiferromagnets

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Daniels, Matthew W. Cheng, Ran Yu, Weichao Xiao, Jiang Xiao, Di Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China Institute for Nanoelectronics Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

We present a semiclassical formalism for antiferromagnetic (AFM) magnonics which promotes the central ingredient of spin wave chirality, encoded in a quantity called magnonic isospin, to a first-class citizen of the theory. We use this formalism to unify results of interest from the field under a single chirality-centric formulation. Our main result is that the isospin is governed by unitary time evolution, through a Hamiltonian projected down from the full spin wave dynamics. Because isospin is SU(2)-valued, its dynamics on the Bloch sphere are precisely rotations-which, in general, do not commute. Consequently, the induced group of operations on AFM spin waves is nonabelian. This is a paradigmatic departure from ferromagnetic magnonics, which operates purely within the abelian group generated by spin wave phase and amplitude. Our investigation of this nonabelian magnonics in AFM insulators focuses on studying several simple gate operations, and offering in broad strokes a program of study for interesting new logic families in antiferromagnetic spin wave systems. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spin waves

Entanglement entropy of topological orders with boundaries

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Chen, Chaoyi Hung, Ling-Yan Li, Yingcheng Wan, Yidun State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Institute for Nanoelectronic devices and Quantum computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

In this paper we explore how non trivial boundary conditions could inuence the entanglement entropy in a topological order in 2+1 dimensions. Specifically we consider the special class of topological orders describable by the quantum double. We will find very interesting dependence of the entanglement entropy on the boundary conditions particularly when the system is non-Abelian. Along the way, we demonstrate a streamlined procedure to compute the entanglement entropy, which is particularly effcient when dealing with systems with boundaries. We also show how this method effciently reproduces all the known results in the presence of anyonic excitations. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Boundary conditions

Anyonic exclusions statistics on surfaces with gapped boundaries

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Li, Yingcheng Wang, Hongyu Hu, Yuting Wan, Yidun State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Institute for Nanoelectronic devices and Quantum computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China

An anyonic exclusion statistics, which generalizes the Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics of bosons and fermions, was proposed by Haldane[1]. When fusion of anyons is involved, certain 'pseudo-species' anyons appear in the exotic statistical weights of non-Abelian anyon systems;however, the meaning and significance of pseudospecies remains an open problem. The relevant past studies had considered only anyon systems without any physical boundary but boundaries often appear in real-life materials. In this paper, we propose an extended anyonic exclusion statistics on surfaces with gapped boundaries, introducing mutual exclusion statistics between anyons as well as the boundary components. Motivated by Refs. [2, 3], we present a formula for the statistical weight of many-anyon states obeying the proposed statistics. Taking the (doubled) Fibonacci topological order as an example, we develop a systematic basis construction for non-Abelian anyons on any Riemann surfaces with gapped boundaries. The basis construction offers a standard way to read off a canonical set of statistics parameters and hence write down the extended statistical weight of the anyon system being studied. The basis construction reveals the meaning of pseudo-species. A pseudo-species has different 'excitation' modes, each corresponding to an anyon species. The 'excitation' modes of pseudo-species corresponds to good quantum numbers of subsystems of a non-Abelian anyon system. This is important because often (e.g., in topological quantum computing) we may be concerned about only the entanglement between such subsystems. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Statistics