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A survey of industrial control system testbeds

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第4期569卷

作者： Yangyang Geng Yi Wang Wenwen Liu Qiang Wei Ke Liu Haolan Wu State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou 450001 China. Department of Research and Development Center Beijing sifang automation co.ltd Beijing 100085 China

Industrial Control System(ICS) testbed is the basis of ICS safety research. In order to build an ICS testbed, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the current research status. This paper introduced the structure and composition of the typical ICS system. Then it simply analyzed the technical characteristics, system framework and advantages and disadvantages of four types of typical ICS testbeds. Finally, it summarized application scenarios of ICS testbed and pointed out some problems in testbed construction and the development direction of ICS testbed with the fusion of cyber and physical.

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Flux Variations of Cosmic Ray Air Showers Detected by LHAASO-KM2A During a Thunderstorm on 10 June 2021

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Cao, Zhen Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, E.S. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.J. Chen, Y. Cheng, H.L. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Luo, Q. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Nan, Y.C. Ou, Z.W. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Shao, C.Y. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, B.D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H.G. Wang, J.C. Wang, J.S. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde Sciences Universitéde Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva1211 Switzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has three sub-arrays, KM2A, WCDA and WFCTA. The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during the thunderstorm on 10 June 2021. The number of shower events that meet the trigger conditions increases significantly in atmospheric electric fields, with maximum fractional increase of 20%. The variations of trigger rates (increases or decreases) are found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. The flux of secondary particles increases significantly, following a similar trend with that of the shower events. To better understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations are performed with CORSIKA and G4KM2A (a code based on GEANT4). We find that the experimental data (in saturated negative fields) are in good agreement with simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform electric field of -700 V/cm with a thickness of 1500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the acceleration/deceleration by the atmospheric electric field, the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold is modified, resulting in the changes in shower detection rate. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Edge current and orbital angular momentum of chiral superfluids revisited

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Nie, Wenxing Huang, Wen Yao, Hong Center for Theoretical Physics College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu610064 Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Beijing100084 Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518005 State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084

Cooper pairs in chiral superfluids carry quantized units of relative orbital angular momentum (OAM). Various predictions of the intrinsic OAM density or the total OAM of a chiral superfluid differ by several orders of magnitude, which constitute the so-called Angular Momentum Paradox. Following several previous studies, we substantiate the semiclassical Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory of the single-particle edge current and OAM in two-dimensional chiral superfluids in the BCS limit. The analysis provides a simple intuitive understanding for the vanishing of OAM of a non-p-wave chiral superfluid (such as d + id) confined in a rigid potential. When generalized to anisotropic chiral superconductors and three-dimensional (3D) chiral superfluids, the theory similarly returns an accurate description. We also present a detailed numerical study of the chiral phases in the BEC limit, where the OAM density is found to vanish in the bulk and arise purely from boundary effects. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Angular momentum

A New Multitasking Malware Classification Model Based on Feature Fusion

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A New Multitasking Malware Classification Model Based on Fea...

IEEE advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC)

作者： Wei Shi Xin Zhou Jianmin Pang Guanghui Liang Haoran Gu State Key Laboratory of Mathematics Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou China Beijing Space Information Relay Transmission Technology Research Center Beijing China

In this paper, In this paper, we achieved a new Multitask Malware Classification Model Based on DNN (Deep Neural Network), we use the API functions extracted from the dynamic analysis as the main features, the static extracted n-gram, entropy, SYM, Metadata, asm-image and grayscale image as the fusion features to construct a classifier that can deal with the dichotomy problem and the family classification problem. The system was trained in 12 malware families, 3,792 malicious samples and 138 benign samples. The accuracy of the dichotomous problem is 99.61%. The proposed malware family classification model also achieves 99.33% malware family classification error rate.

关键词： Feature extraction Malware Data mining Entropy Gray-scale Neural networks Analytical models

Spatiotemporal Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Estimation of Aerial Video Saliency

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Jia Fu, Kui Zhao, Shengwei Ge, Shiming State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing100191 China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100095 China School of Cyber Security at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100095 China

—The performance of video saliency estimation techniques has achieved significant advances along with the rapid development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, devices like cameras and drones may have limited computational capability and storage space so that the direct deployment of complex deep saliency models becomes infeasible. To address this problem, this paper proposes a dynamic saliency estimation approach for aerial videos via spatiotemporal knowledge distillation. In this approach, five components are involved, including two teachers, two students and the desired spatiotemporal model. The knowledge of spatial and temporal saliency is first separately transferred from the two complex and redundant teachers to their simple and compact students, and the input scenes are also degraded from high-resolution to low-resolution to remove the probable data redundancy so as to greatly speed up the feature extraction process. After that, the desired spatiotemporal model is further trained by distilling and encoding the spatial and temporal saliency knowledge of two students into a unified network. In this manner, the inter-model redundancy can be further removed for the effective estimation of dynamic saliency on aerial videos. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms ten state-of-the-art models in estimating visual saliency on aerial videos, while its speed reaches up to 28,738 FPS on the GPU platform. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

Strong light illumination on gain-switched semiconductor lasers helps the eavesdropper in practical quantum key distribution systems

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Fei, Yang-yang Meng, Xiang-dong Gao, Ming Yang, Yi Wang, Hong Ma, Zhi State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing ZhengzhouHenan450001 China CAS Center for Excellence Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui230026 China

The temperature of the semiconductor diode increases under strong light illumination whether thermoelectric cooler is installed or not, which changes the output wavelength of the laser (Lee M. S. et al., 2017). However, other characteristics also vary as temperature increases. These variations may help the eavesdropper in practical quantum key distribution systems. We study the effects of temperature increase on gain-switched semiconductor lasers by simulating temperature dependent rate equations. The results show that temperature increase may cause large intensity fluctuation, decrease the output intensity and lead the signal state and decoy state distinguishable. We also propose a modified photon number splitting attack by exploiting the effects of temperature increase. Countermeasures are also proposed. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

Fair Efficiency Comparisons of Decoy-state Quantum key Distribution Protocols

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Hong-Xin, Li Ming, Gao Xue-Ping, Yan Bao, Yan Yu, Han Ling, Shan Zhi, Ma Department of Language Engineering LuoyangUniversity of Foreign Languages Luoyang Henan471003 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou450001 China College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Henan471003 China

Secure key rate of decoy-state quantum key distribution protocols hasbeen improved with biased basis choice, however, the securitystandardsand parameters of current protocols are *** a result, we cannotgive an accurate key rate comparison between different kinds of protocols. Taking the schemes based on different formula of secure key rate as examples, we give a fair comparison between typical protocols under universalcomposable securitystandard. Through analyzing the relationship of security parameters in post-processing stage and final secure key, we achieve the unified quantification between protocols based on Gottesman-Lo-Lütkenhaus-Preskill formula and the ones under universal composable security. Based on the above research, the impact of different sending length and secure parameters on secure key rate is investigated, meanwhile, we give the dependent relationship between secure key rate and sending length under different secure parameters. Besides, we analyze the importance and conditions of fair comparison. For the first time we give a fair comparison betweenthe protocols based on GLLP formula and smooth entropy, and taking Raymond protocol and Toshiba protocol as examples, we analyze the way for improving secure key rate in the light intensity choice and the singlebit error rate estimation method. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

High Order Mass-Lumping Finite Elements on Simplexes

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高等学校计算数学学报（英文版） 2017年第2期10卷 331-350页

作者： Tao Cui Wei Leng Deng Lin Shichao Ma Linbo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.55 East Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100190 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.55 East Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100190 China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 China

This paper is concerned with the construction of high order mass-lumping finite elements on simplexes and a program for computing mass-lumping finite elements on triangles and *** polynomial spaces for mass-lumping finite elements,as proposed in the literature,are presented and *** particular,the unisolvence problem of symmetric point-sets for the polynomial spaces used in mass-lumping elements is addressed,and an interesting property of the unisolvent symmetric point-sets is observed and *** its theoretical proof is still lacking,this property seems to be true in general,and it can greatly reduce the number of cases to consider in the computations of mass-lumping elements.A program for computing mass-lumping finite elements on triangles and tetrahedra,derived from the code for computing numerical quadrature rules presented in [7],is *** mass-lumping finite elements on triangles found using this program with higher orders,namely 7,8 and 9,than those available in the literature are reported.

关键词： Finite element mass-lumping simplex numerical quadrature multivariate polynomial interpolation unisolvence

Identification of the Electronic and Structural Dynamics of Catalytic Centers in Single-Fe-Atom Material

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SSRN

SSRN 2020年

作者： Li, Xuning Cao, Chang-Su Hung, Sung-Fu Lu, Ying-Rui Cai, Weizheng Rykov, Alexandre I. Miao, Shu Xi, Shibo Yang, Hongbin Hu, Zehua Wang, Junhu Zhao, Jiyong Alp, Esen Ercan Xu, Wei Chan, Ting-Shan Chen, Haoming Xiong, Qihua Xiao, Hai Huang, Yanqiang Li, Jun Zhang, Tao Liu, Bin School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore637459 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian116023 China Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Mössbauer Effect Data Center Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian116023 China Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu300 Taiwan Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences A*STAR Singapore627833 Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue LemontIL60439 United States Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer us new opportunities for capturing the reaction intermediates, identifying the active sites, and even monitoring the structural and electronic evolution of catalytic centers. However, the lack of model SACs and atomic-resolution operando spectroscopic techniques greatly limits our comprehension of the nature of catalysis. Herein, based on the newly designed model single-Fe-atom catalyst with well-controlled site density and coordination environment, we have explored the exact structure of catalytic centers and provided insights into a novel spin-crossover-involved mechanism for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using operando Raman, X-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as the newly developed operando 57Fe Mössbauer technique. Combining with theoretical studies, the single-Fe-atom site of N-FeN4C10 moiety, with preferential reaction to O2 near the onset potential, is shown as a more active site for ORR. Moreover, the potential-relevant dynamic cycles of both the geometric structure and electronic configuration of reactive single-Fe-atom moieties are evidenced via directly capturing the peroxido (*O2-) and hydroxyl (*OH-) intermediates under in-situ ORR conditions. Our results provide proof-of-concept for the integration of operando techniques and SACs, which directs the way towards the electronic-level insight into catalytic centers and underlying reaction mechanism. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrolytic reduction