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Efficient Verification of Pure Quantum states in the Adversarial Scenario

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhu, Huangjun Hayashi, Masahito Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China Graduate School of Mathematics Nagoya University Nagoya464-8602 Japan Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117542 Singapore

Efficient verification of pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing, such as blind measurement-based quantum computation and quantum networks. However, little is known about this subject so far. Here we establish a general framework for verifying pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario and clarify the resource cost. Moreover, we propose a simple and general recipe to constructing efficient verification protocols for the adversarial scenario from protocols for the nonadversarial scenario. With this recipe, arbitrary pure states can be verified in the adversarial scenario with almost the same efficiency as in the nonadversarial scenario. Many important quantum states in quantum information processing can be verified in the adversarial scenario with unprecedented high efficiencies. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum optics

Optimal verification and fidelity estimation of maximally entangled states

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arXiv 2019年

We study the verification of maximally entangled states by virtue of the simplest measurement settings: local projective measurements without adaption. We show that optimal protocols are in one-to-one correspondence with complex projective 2-designs constructed from orthonormal bases. Optimal protocols with minimal measurement settings are in one-to-one correspondence with complete sets of mutually unbiased bases. Based on this observation, optimal protocols are constructed explicitly for any local dimension, which can also be applied to estimating the fidelity with the target state and to detecting entanglement. In addition, we show that incomplete sets of mutually unbiased bases are optimal for verifying maximally entangled states when the number of measurement settings is restricted. Moreover, we construct optimal protocols for the adversarial scenario in which state preparation is not trusted. The number of tests has the same scaling behavior as the counterpart for the nonadversarial scenario;the overhead is no more than three times. We also show that the entanglement of the maximally entangled state can be certified with any given significance level using only one test as long as the local dimension is large enough. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

General framework for verifying pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario

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arXiv 2019年

Bipartite and multipartite entangled states are of central interest in quantum information processing and foundational studies. Efficient verification of these states, especially in the adversarial scenario, is a key to various applications, including quantum computation, quantum simulation, and quantum networks. However, little is know about this topic in the adversarial scenario. Here we initiate a systematic study of pure-state verification in the adversarial scenario. In particular, we introduce a general method for determining the minimal number of tests required by a given strategy to achieve a given precision. In the case of homogeneous strategies, we can even derive an analytical formula. Furthermore, we propose a general recipe to verifying pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario by virtue of protocols for the nonadversarial scenario. Thanks to this recipe, the resource cost for verifying an arbitrary pure state in the adversarial scenario is comparable to the counterpart for the nonadversarial scenario, and the overhead is at most three times for high-precision verification. Our recipe can readily be applied to efficiently verify bipartite pure states, stabilizer states, hypergraph states, weighted graph states, and Dicke states in the adversarial scenario. This paper is an extended version of the companion paper [1]. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum chemistry

Two orders of magnitude enhancement in oxygen evolution reactivity on amorphous Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−d nanofilms with tunable oxidation state

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Science Advances 2017年第6期3卷 1603206-1603206页

作者： Chen, Gao Zhou, Wei Guan, Daqin Sunarso, Jaka Zhu, Yanping Hu, Xuefeng Zhang, Wei Shao, Zongping Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University No. 5 Xin Mofan Road Nanjing 210009 China Faculty of Engineering Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Jalan Simpang Tiga Kuching Sarawak 93350 Malaysia Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Energy Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth 6845 WA Australia

Perovskite oxides exhibit potential for use as electrocatalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their low specific surface area is the main obstacle to realizing a high mass-specific activity that is required to be competitive against the state-of-the-art precious metal–based catalysts. We report the enhanced performance of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O₃−_d (BSCF) for the OER with intrinsic activity that is significantly higher than that of the benchmark IrO₂, and this result was achieved via fabrication of an amorphous BSCF nanofilm on a surface-oxidized nickel substrate by magnetron sputtering. The surface nickel oxide layer of the Ni substrate and the thickness of the BSCF film were further used to tune the intrinsic OER activity and stability of the BSCF catalyst by optimizing the electronic configuration of the transition metal cations in BSCF via the interaction between the nanofilm and the surface nickel oxide, which enables up to 315-fold enhanced mass-specific activity compared to the crystalline BSCF bulk phase. Moreover, the amorphous BSCF–Ni foam anode coupled with the Pt–Ni foam cathode demonstrated an attractive small overpotential of 0.34 V at 10 mA cm⁻² for water electrolysis, with a BSCF loading as low as 154.8 mg cm⁻². Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved

关键词： amorphous nanofilm high mass activity oxygen evolution tunable oxidation state

Axiomatic approaches based on the software trustworthiness measure

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Axiomatic approaches based on the software trustworthiness m...

International Conference on Applied System Innovation, ICASI 2015

作者： Tao, H.W. Chen, Y.X. Pang, J.M. State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou China MoE Engineering Center for Software/Hardware Co-Design Technology and Application East China Normal University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781138028937

Due to the outstanding problems of software trustworthiness, the measurement of software trustworthiness has aroused more and more concern. However, few researches pay attention to using more rigorous approaches in the measurement of software trustworthiness and carrying out the theoretical validation of measures. Axiomatic approaches by formally defining the desirable properties of the measures for software attributes can provide precise, formal, and unambiguous terms for the quantification of software attributes. We once applied axiomatic approaches to the measured software trustworthiness, presented four properties for software trustworthiness measures and gave three measures for software trustworthiness. In this paper, we propose a new property-related user expectation to establish an improved software trustworthiness measure and validate this measure from the theory point of view by proving that it complies with the five properties presented by us. A comparative study shows that this measure is better than the popular software trustworthiness measures in terms of our properties. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group.

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Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon/carbon nanotube membranes - A step towards the electrochemical CO2 refinery

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Wang, Hong Jia, Jia Song, Pengfei Wang, Qiang Li, Debao Min, Shixiong Qian, Chenxi Wang, Lu Li, Young Feng Ma, Chun Wu, Tom Yuan, Jiayin Antonietti, Markus Ozin, Geoffrey A. Ozin Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group Solar Fuels Cluster Centre for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials Departments of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and Electrical and Computing Engineering University of Toronto 80 St. George Street TorontoONM5S3H6 Canada College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou730070 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan030001 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beifang University of Nationalities Yinchuan Ningxia China Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of colloid chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam14476 Germany Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and Center for Advanced Materials Processing Clarkson University 13699 United States

The search for earth abundant, efficient and stable electrocatalysts that can enable the chemical reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels at an industrially relevant scale, is a high priority for the development of a global network of renewable energy conversion and storage systems that can meaningfully impact greenhouse gas induced climate change. Here we introduce a straightforward, low cost, scalable and technologically relevant method to manufacture an all-carbon, electroactive, nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon-carbon nanotube composite membrane, dubbed "HNCM/CNT". The membrane is demonstrated to function as a binder-free, high-performance electrode for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate. The Faradaic efficiency for the production of formate is 81%. Furthermore, the robust structural and electrochemical properties of the membrane endow it with excellent long-term stability. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Greenhouse gases

Securely outsourcing decentralized multi-authority attribute based signature 1

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9th International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security, CSS 2017

作者： Sun, Jiameng Qin, Jing Ma, Jixin School of Mathematics Shandong University Jinan China State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Centre for Computer and Computational Science University of Greenwich London United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9783319694719

ISBN: (纸本)9783319694702

Attribute based signature (ABS) is a novel primitive of digital signature that allows the signer to endorse a piece of message with a set of certain attributes in order to preserve the privacy of the signer’s identity. There are multiple authorities that issue different secret keys for signer’s various attributes. And a central authority is usually established to manage all these attribute authorities. This brings a huge workload to compute a signature and also a threat to security and privacy if the central authority is compromised. In this paper, we present an outsourced decentralized multi-authority attribute based signature (ODMA-ABS) scheme. Compared with existing multi-authority attribute based signature schemes, the ODMA-ABS scheme achieves a stronger notion of attribute privacy and authority collusion resistance. And the workload to compute a signature is further reduced by utilizing the outsourcing technique, which makes our scheme more practical in reality. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.

关键词： Outsourcing

Coexistence of Ferromagnetic and Stripe-Type Antiferromagnetic Spin Fluctuations in YFe2Ge2

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第21期122卷 217003-217003页

作者： Hongliang Wo Qisi Wang Yao Shen Xiaowen Zhang Yiqing Hao Yu Feng Shoudong Shen Zheng He Bingying Pan Wenbin Wang K. Nakajima S. Ohira-Kawamura P. Steffens M. Boehm K. Schmalzl T. R. Forrest M. Matsuda Yang Zhao J. W. Lynn Zhiping Yin Jun Zhao State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Materials and Life Science Division J-PARC Center Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan Institut Laue-Langevin 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at ILL 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0DE United Kingdom Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China

We report neutron scattering measurements of single-crystalline YFe2Ge2 in the normal state, which has the same crystal structure as the 122 family of iron pnictide superconductors. YFe2Ge2 does not exhibit long-range magnetic order but exhibits strong spin fluctuations. Like the iron pnictides, YFe2Ge2 displays anisotropic stripe-type antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations at (π, 0, π). More interesting, however, is the observation of strong spin fluctuations at the in-plane ferromagnetic wave vector (0, 0, π). These ferromagnetic spin fluctuations are isotropic in the (H, K) plane, whose intensity exceeds that of stripe spin fluctuations. Both the ferromagnetic and stripe spin fluctuations remain gapless down to the lowest measured energies. Our results naturally explain the absence of magnetic order in YFe2Ge2 and also imply that the ferromagnetic correlations may be a key ingredient for iron-based materials.

关键词： Pairing mechanisms Spin dynamics Superconducting phase transition High-temperature superconductors Pnictides Neutron scattering

Search for vector-like leptons coupling to first- and second-generation Standard Model leptons in pp collisions at = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第5期2025卷 1-61页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N. J. Abidi, S. H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Ackermann, A. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S. V. Addison, M. J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M. N. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmadov, F. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Ait Tamlihat, M. Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akimov, A. V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N. N. Aktas, S. Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G. L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z. L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S. W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, J. S. Allen, J. F. Allendes Flores, C. A. Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z. M. K. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alves Cardoso, M. Alviggi, M. G. Aly, M. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C. G. Amidei, D. Amini, B. Amirie, K. Amirkhanov, A. Amor Dos Santos, S. P. Amos, K. R. Amperiadou, D. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J. K. Anderson, A. C. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M. A. Aperio Bella, L. Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Arbiol Val, S. J. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A. T. H. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N. A. Ashby Pickering, R. A. Aslam, A. M. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K. S. V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R. J. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P. A. Augsten, K. Auriol, A. D. Austrup, V. A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Bachmann, E. Badea, A. Baer, T. M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J. T. Baines, L. Baker, O. K. Bakos, E. Bakshi Gupta, D. Balabram Filho, L. E. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian, R. Baldin, E. M. Balek CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman United States of America New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton United States of America Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas United States of America Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics New York University New York United States of America INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London United Kingdom Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford United States of America School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb United States of America Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz United States of America Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago United States of America Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Alexand

A search for pair production of vector-like leptons coupling to first- and second-generation Standard Model leptons is presented. The search is based on a dataset of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. Events are categorised depending on the flavour and multiplicity of leptons (electrons or muons), as well as on the scores of a deep neural network targeting particular signal topologies according to the decay modes of the vector-like leptons. In each of the signal regions, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of the leptons and the missing transverse momentum is analysed. The main background processes are estimated using dedicated control regions in a simultaneous fit with the signal regions to data. No significant excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed and limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross-sections of vector-like electrons and muons as a function of the vector-like lepton mass, separately for SU(2) doublet and singlet scenarios. The resulting mass lower limits are 1220 GeV (1270 GeV) and 320 GeV (400 GeV) for vector-like electrons (muons) in the doublet and singlet scenarios, respectively.

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