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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhao, Lingchen Hu, Shengshan Wang, Qian Jiang, Jianlin Shen, Chao Luo, Xiangyang School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei430072 China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei430072 China School of Cyberspace Security Xian Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi710049 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou Henan450002 China

Collaborative learning allows multiple clients to train a joint model without sharing their data with each other. Each client performs training locally and then submits the model updates to a central server for aggregation. Since the server has no visibility into the process of generating the updates, collaborative learning is vulnerable to poisoning attacks where a malicious client can generate a poisoned update to introduce backdoor functionality to the joint model. The existing solutions for detecting poisoned updates, however, fail to defend against the recently proposed attacks, especially in the non-IID setting. In this paper, we present a novel defense scheme to detect anomalous updates in both IID and non-IID settings. Our key idea is to realize client-side cross-validation, where each update is evaluated over other clients’ local data. The server will adjust the weights of the updates based on the evaluation results when performing aggregation. To adapt to the unbalanced distribution of data in the non-IID setting, a dynamic client allocation mechanism is designed to assign detection tasks to the most suitable clients. During the detection process, we also protect the client-level privacy to prevent malicious clients from stealing the training data of other clients, by integrating differential privacy with our design without degrading the detection performance. Our experimental evaluations on two real-world datasets show that our scheme is significantly robust to two representative poisoning attacks. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Exploring Lorentz Invariance Violation from Ultrahigh-Energy γ Rays Observed by LHAASO

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第5期128卷 051102-051102页

作者： Zhen Cao F. Aharonian Q. An Axikegu L. X. Bai Y. X. Bai Y. W. Bao D. Bastieri X. J. Bi Y. J. Bi H. Cai J. T. Cai Zhe Cao J. Chang J. F. Chang B. M. Chen E. S. Chen J. Chen Liang Chen Long Chen M. J. Chen M. L. Chen Q. H. Chen S. H. Chen S. Z. Chen T. L. Chen X. L. Chen Y. Chen N. Cheng Y. D. Cheng S. W. Cui X. H. Cui Y. D. Cui B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli B. Z. Dai H. L. Dai Z. G. Dai Danzengluobu D. della Volpe X. J. Dong K. K. Duan J. H. Fan Y. Z. Fan Z. X. Fan J. Fang K. Fang C. F. Feng L. Feng S. H. Feng Y. L. Feng B. Gao C. D. Gao L. Q. Gao Q. Gao W. Gao M. M. Ge L. S. Geng G. H. Gong Q. B. Gou M. H. Gu F. L. Guo J. G. Guo X. L. Guo Y. Q. Guo Y. Y. Guo Y. A. Han H. H. He H. N. He J. C. He S. L. He X. B. He Y. He M. Heller Y. K. Hor C. Hou X. Hou H. B. Hu S. Hu S. C. Hu X. J. Hu D. H. Huang Q. L. Huang W. H. Huang X. T. Huang X. Y. Huang Z. C. Huang F. Ji X. L. Ji H. Y. Jia K. Jiang Z. J. Jiang C. Jin T. Ke D. Kuleshov K. Levochkin B. B. Li Cheng Li Cong Li F. Li H. B. Li H. C. Li H. Y. Li Jian Li Jie Li K. Li W. L. Li X. R. Li Xin Li Y. Li Y. Z. Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E. W. Liang Y. F. Liang S. J. Lin B. Liu C. Liu D. Liu H. Liu H. D. Liu J. Liu J. L. Liu J. S. Liu J. Y. Liu M. Y. Liu R. Y. Liu S. M. Liu W. Liu Y. Liu Y. N. Liu Z. X. Liu W. J. Long R. Lu H. K. Lv B. Q. Ma L. L. Ma X. H. Ma J. R. Mao A. Masood Z. Min W. Mitthumsiri T. Montaruli Y. C. Nan B. Y. Pang P. Pattarakijwanich Z. Y. Pei M. Y. Qi Y. Q. Qi B. Q. Qiao J. J. Qin D. Ruffolo V. Rulev A. Sáiz L. Shao O. Shchegolev X. D. Sheng J. R. Shi H. C. Song Yu. V. Stenkin V. Stepanov Y. Su Q. N. Sun X. N. Sun Z. B. Sun P. H. T. Tam Z. B. Tang W. W. Tian B. D. Wang C. Wang H. Wang H. G. Wang J. C. Wang J. S. Wang L. P. Wang L. Y. Wang R. N. Wang W. Wang X. G. Wang X. J. Wang X. Y. Wang Y. Wang Y. D. Wang Y. J. Wang Y. P. Wang Z. H. Wang Z. X. Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D. M. Wei J. J. Wei Y. J. Wei T. Wen C. Y. Wu H. R. Wu S. Wu W. X. Wu X. F. Wu S. Q. Xi J. Xia J. J. Xia G. M. Xiang D. X. Xiao G. Xiao H. B. Xiao G. G. Xin Y. L. Xin Y. Xing D. L. Xu R. X. Xu L. Xue Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610000 Sichuan China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 69029 Heidelberg Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics 100049 Beijing China University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei Anhui China School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University 610031 Chengdu Sichuan China College of Physics Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu Sichuan China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing Jiangsu China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan Hubei China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 210023 Nanjing Jiangsu China Hebei Normal University 050024 Shijiazhuang Hebei China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 200030 Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education 850000 Lhasa Tibet China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen University 519000 Zhuhai Guangdong China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli “Federico II ” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University 650091 Kunming Yunnan China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Faculté de S

Recently, the LHAASO Collaboration published the detection of 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources above 100 TeV, with the highest energy photon reaching 1.4 PeV. The first detection of PeV γ rays from astrophysical sources may provide a very sensitive probe of the effect of the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), which results in decay of high-energy γ rays in the superluminal scenario and hence a sharp cutoff of the energy spectrum. Two highest energy sources are studied in this work. No signature of the existence of the LIV is found in their energy spectra, and the lower limits on the LIV energy scale are derived. Our results show that the first-order LIV energy scale should be higher than about 105 times the Planck scale MPl and that the second-order LIV scale is >10−3MPl. Both limits improve by at least one order of magnitude the previous results.

关键词： Cosmic rays & astroparticles Gamma ray astronomy Lorentz symmetry

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An Attack Surface Metric Suitable for Heterogeneous Redundant System with the Voting Mechanism

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第3期1168卷

作者： Liqun Wang Zheng Zhang Weichao Li Zhenwu Liu Hao Liu State key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing MEAC Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China

With the development of cyberspace security 'asymmetry in attack and defense', heterogeneous redundancy design is gradually being widely used. Heterogeneous redundancy design can enhance the robustness and security of the system through the differentiation of heterogeneous components. But the complex structural design of the system makes it difficult to apply the existing attack surface metric to measure the security of heterogeneous redundant system. In this paper, based on the attack surface metric proposed by Manadhata, we provide a new attack surface metric suitable for heterogeneous redundant system with voting mechanism. In this new metric, we define a new notion named attack surface arbitration, and also propose a new method for quantifying result of arbitration. The experiment result shows that the new attack surface metric can properly describe the attack surface of a heterogeneous redundant system with voting mechanism, which changes with the adjustment of voting algorithm.

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Very high energy gamma-ray emission beyond 10 TeV from GRB 221009A

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu, A. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, J.T. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lu, R. Luo, Q. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, Z.W. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Semikoz, D. Shao, C.Y. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Q.W. Tang, Z.B. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai Guangzhou519000 510275 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Faculté de Sciences Université de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva1211 Switzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China APC Université Paris Cité CNRS IN2P3 CEA IRFU Observatoire de Paris 119 Par

The highest energy gamma-rays from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have important implications for their radiation mechanism. Here we report for the first time the detection of gamma-rays up to 13 TeV from the brightest GRB 221009A by the Large High Altitude Air-shower Observatory (LHAASO). The LHAASO-KM2A detector registered more than 140 gamma-rays with energies above 3 TeV during 230−900s after the trigger. The intrinsic energy spectrum of gamma-rays can be described by a power-law after correcting for extragalactic background light (EBL) absorption. Such a hard spectrum challenges the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario of relativistic electrons for the afterglow emission above several TeV. Observations of gamma-rays up to 13 TeV from a source with a measured redshift of z=0.151 hints more transparency in intergalactic space than previously expected. Alternatively, one may invoke new physics such as Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) or an axion origin of very high energy (VHE) signals. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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A Routing Recovery Method Based on Structure Properties and Centralized Control for Inter Domain Routing System 17

A Routing Recovery Method Based on Structure Properties and ...

引用

2017 17th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT 2017)

作者： Yi Guo Juwei Yan Liancheng Zhang Han Qiu Institute for Network Science and Cyberspace Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing

ISBN: (纸本)9781509039456;9781509039449

The network attack against inter domain routing system becomes more and more complex, especially in recent years there has appeared a new kind of attacks, that is a LDoS-based cross plane attack. Due to such attacks have strong proliferation and not obvious abnormal characteristics, it is hard to detect and avoid their occurrence in time. Borrowing an ideal from survivability theory, this paper propose a routing recovery method based on structure properties and centralized control for inter domain routing system, called SPCC. In the SPCC, each BGP nodes make determination by itself to join the routing recovery network. All participating nodes have obligations to upload their routing information to the central server, which is respond to construct backup routing subgraphs. When the inter domain routing system suffering from routing failure, backup sub-graphs will be sent from the central server to SPCC nodes for routing recovery. The experimental result shows that the routing recovery ability of inter domain routing system can be greatly improved after deploying SPCC mechanism, especially when only a small number of key AS joining in the SPCC network, it can better achieve the goal of global routing recovery when inter domain routing system suffering large scale cascading failure.

关键词： inter domain routing cascading failure scale free central control routing recovery

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New strategy for searching disturbance vector of SHA-1 collision attack

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 280-282页

作者： Hao FENG Guang ZENG Wenbao HAN Yang YANG State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Amsterdam 1098 XG Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of Sciences

Dear editor,We present a new algorithm to search for effective disturbance vectors with a complexity of 2;based on the following two properties of disturbance *** property is the weight correlation between the first 16-step disturbance vectors and the60-step disturbance *** other property requires all the differences of the active bit positions of the first 16-step disturbance vectors to be

关键词： New strategy for searching disturbance vector of SHA-1 collision attack

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Breakdown of the Sharvin limit in spin pumping with interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling

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Physical Review B 2019年第4期99卷 045421-045421页

作者： Ka Shen Lei Wang Ke Xia Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518005 China

We theoretically investigate the role of the interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling in spin pumping based on a nonperturbative calculation. A nonmonotonic behavior is predicted in the Rashba-strength dependence of the Gilbert damping coefficients. We show that the in-plane damping component can exceed the Sharvin limit thanks to the Rashba-field-induced torque. Nevertheless, the pumped spin current remains below the Sharvin limit and satisfies the Onsager reciprocity relations with the spin-current-induced spin-transfer torque.

关键词： Spin pumping Spin torque Spin-orbit coupling

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Towards the manipulation of topological states of matter： a perspective from electron transport

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Science Bulletin 2018年第9期63卷 580-594页

作者： Cheng Zhang Hai-Zhou Lu Shun-Qing Shen Yong P. Chen Faxian Xi State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics South University of Science and Technology of China Shenzhen 518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong China Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 USA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 USA Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

The introduction of topological invariants, ranging from insulators to metals, has provided new insights into the traditional classification of electronic states in condensed matter physics. A sudden change in the topological invariant at the boundaw of a topological nontrivial system leads to the formation of exotic surface states that are dramatically different from its bulk. In recent years, significant advancements in the exploration of the physical properties of these topological systems and regarding device research related to spintronics and quantum computation have been made. Here, we review the progress of the characterization and manipulation of topological phases from the electron transport perspective and also the intriguing chiral/Majorana states that stem from them. We then discuss the future directions of research into these topological states and their potential applications.

关键词： Topological insulator Dirac semimetal Weyl semimetal Quantum transport

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Some Inequalities on <i>T<sub>3</sub></i>Tree

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2018年第8期8卷 711-719页

作者： Xingbo Wang Department of Mechatronic Engineering Foshan University Foshan China Guangdong Engineering Center of Information Security for Intelligent Manufacturing System Foshan China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Wuxi China

The article proves several inequalities derived from nodal multiplication on T3 tree. The proved inequalities are helpful to estimate certain quantities related with the T3 tree as well as examples of proving an inequ... 详细信息

关键词： Inequality Floor Function Binary Tree

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VFDETECT: A Vulnerable Code Clone Detection System Based on Vulnerability Fingerprint 3

VFDETECT: A Vulnerable Code Clone Detection System Based on ...

引用

2017 IEEE 第3届信息技术与机电一体化工程国际学术会议(ITOEC 2017)

作者： Zhen Liu Qiang Wei Yan Cao State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing China National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center

Vulnerable code reuse in open source software is a serious threat to software ***,the existing highefficiency methods for vulnerable code clone detection have a large number of false-nega

ISBN: (纸本)9781509053643;9781509053636

Vulnerable code reuse in open source software is a serious threat to software ***,the existing highefficiency methods for vulnerable code clone detection have a large number of false-nega

关键词： Cloning Fingerprint recognition Feature extraction Linux Kernel Data structures

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