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Experimental Evidence of Topological Surface states in Mg3Bi2 Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

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Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第11期36卷 65-69页

作者： Tong Zhou Xie-Gang Zhu Mingyu Tong Yun Zhang Xue-Bing Luo Xiangnan Xie Wei Feng Qiuyun Chen Shiyong Tan Zhen-Yu Wang Tian Jiang Yuhua Tang Xin-Chun Lai Xuejun Yang State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Jiangyou 621908 National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military Sciences PLA ChinaBeijing 100010 Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621700 College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 Academy of Military Sciences PLA China Beijing 100010 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100084

Nodal line semimetal(NLS) is a new quantum state hosting one-dimensional closed loops formed by the crossing of two bands. The so-called type-Ⅱ NLS means that these two crossing bands have the same sign in their slopes along the radial direction of the loop, which requires that the crossing bands are either right-tilted or left-tilted at the same time. According to the theoretical prediction, Mg3Bi2 is an ideal candidate for studying the type-Ⅱ NLS by tuning its spin-orbit coupling(SOC). High-quality Mg3 Bi2 films are grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE). By in-situ angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES), a pair of surface resonance bands around theГ point are clearly seen. This shows that Mg3Bi2 films grown by MBE are Mg(1)-terminated by comparing the ARPES spectra with the first principles calculations results. Moreover, the temperature dependent weak anti-localization effect in Mg3Bi2 films is observed under magneto-transport measurements, which shows clear two-dimensional(2 D) e-e scattering characteristics by fitting with the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model. Therefore, by combining with ARPES, magneto-transport measurements and the first principles calculations, this work proves that Mg3Bi2 is a semimetal with topological surface states. This paves the way for Mg3Bi2 to be used as an ideal material platform to study the exotic features of type-Ⅱ nodal line semimetals and the topological phase transition by tuning its SOC.

关键词： bands topological terminated

Quantum Squeezing Induced Optical Nonreciprocity

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tang, Lei Tang, Jiangshan Chen, Mingyuan Nori, Franco Xiao, Min Xia, keyu College of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China RIKEN Quantum Computing Center RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Saitama Wako-shi351-0198 Japan Physics Department The University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-1040 United States Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

We propose an all-optical approach to achieve optical nonreciprocity on a chip by quantum squeezing one of two coupled resonator modes. By parametric pumping a nonlinear resonator unidirectionally with a classical coherent field, we squeeze the resonator mode in a selective direction due to the phase-matching condition, and induce a chiral photon interaction between two resonators. Based on this chiral interresonator coupling, we achieve an all-optical diode and a three-port quasi-circulator. By applying a second squeezed-vacuum field to the squeezed resonator mode, our nonreciprocal device also works for single-photon pulses. We obtain an isolation ratio of > 40 dB for the diode and fidelity of > 98% for the quasi-circulator, and insertion loss of © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Particle beams

Ultrahigh-energy γ-ray emission associated with the tail of a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cai, C.M. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.B. Chen, X.J. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Chu, M.C. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Diao, Y.X. Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Ge, T.T. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hannuksela, O.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.Y. He, Y. Hernández-Cadena, S. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, S.C. Huang, C. Huang, D.H. Huang, J.J. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y.Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, H.B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kaci, S. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, L. Li, R.L. Li, S.D. Li, T.Y. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.R. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lou, Y.Q. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mou, G.B. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ng, K.C.Y. Ni, M.Y. Nie, L. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Yerevan State University 1 Alek Manukyan Street Yerevan0025 Armenia Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Zhejiang Hangzhou311121 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays [Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China China School of Physics Guangzhou China Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519000 China Guangdo

In this study, We present a comprehensive analysis of an unidentified point-like ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray source, designated as 1LHAASO J1740+0948u, situated in the vicinity of the middle-aged pulsar PSR J1740+1000. The detection significance reaches 17.1σ (9.4σ) above 25 TeV (100 TeV).The energy spectrum of the source extends up to 300 TeV and is well-described by a log-parabola function with N0 = (1.93 ±0.23) ×10−16 TeV−1 cm−2 s−1, α = 2.14±0.27, and β = 1.20±0.41 at E0 = 30 TeV. The associated pulsar, PSR J1740+1000, resides at a high Galactic latitude and powers a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula (BSPWN) with an extended X-ray tail. The best-fit position of the gamma-ray source appears to be shifted by 0.2◦ with respect to the pulsar position. As the (i) currently identified pulsar halos do not demonstrate such offsets, and (ii) centroid of the gamma-ray emission is approximately located at the extension of the X-ray tail, we speculate that the UHE γ-ray emission may originate from re-accelerated electron/positron pairs that are advected away in the bow-shock tail. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Pulsars

Broadband γ-ray spectrum of supernova remnant Cassiopeia A

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cai, C.M. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.B. Chen, X.J. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Chu, M.C. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Diao, Y.X. Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Ge, T.T. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hannuksela, O.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.Y. He, Y. Hernández-Cadena, S. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, S.C. Huang, C. Huang, D.H. Huang, J.J. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y.Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, H.B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kaci, S. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, L. Li, R.L. Li, S.D. Li, T.Y. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.R. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lou, Y.Q. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mou, G.B. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ng, K.C.Y. Ni, M.Y. Nie, L. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Yerevan State University 1 Alek Manukyan Street Yerevan0025 Armenia Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Zhejiang Hangzhou311121 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays [Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University 519000 Zhuhai Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China Institute of Frontier

The core-collapse supernova remnant (SNR) Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is one of the brightest galactic radio sources with an angular radius of ∼ 2.5′. Although no extension of this source has been detected in the γ-ray band, using more than 1000 days of LHAASO data above ∼ 0.8 TeV, we find that its spectrum is significantly softer than those obtained with Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) and its flux near ∼ 1 TeV is about two times higher. In combination with analyses of more than 16 years of Fermi-LAT data covering 0.1 GeV − 1 TeV, we find that the spectrum above 30 GeV deviates significantly from a single power-law, and is best described by a smoothly broken power-law with a spectral index of 1.90 ± 0.15stat (3.41 ± 0.19stat) below (above) a break energy of 0.63 ± 0.21stat TeV. Given differences in the angular resolution of LHAASO-WCDA and IACTs, TeV γray emission detected with LHAASO may have a significant contribution from regions surrounding the SNR illuminated by particles accelerated earlier, which, however, are treated as background by IACTs. Detailed modelling can be used to constrain acceleration processes of TeV particles in the early stage of SNR evolution. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics 69029 Heidelberg103980 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming650091 China Ministry of Education Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao266237 China APC Université Paris Cité CNRS IN2P3 CEA/IRFU Observatoire de Paris Paris119 75205 France Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua Universit

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 TeV to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼ 400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼ 200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms

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Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO...

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Zhou, Xunxiu Yang, Ci Chen, Xuejian Huang, Daihui Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, J.T. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lu, R. Luo, Q. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, Z.W. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Semikoz, D. Shao, C.Y. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Faculté de Sciences Université de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva1211 Switzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China APC Université Paris Cité CNRS IN2P3 CEA IRFU Observatoire de Par

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has three sub-arrays, KM2A, WCDA and WFCTA, located at 4410 m above sea level in Sichuan Province, China. The high-altitude location and the frequent occurrence of thunderstorms make LHAASO suitable to study the effects of atmospheric electric fields (AEFs) on cosmic ray air showers. By analyzing the data of KM2A, the flux variations of cosmic ray air showers during thunderstorms are studied. The total number of shower events that meet the KM2A trigger conditions increases significantly during thunderstorms, with the maximum value exceeding 20%. The variations of trigger rates are found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. To understand the shower rate changes, the flux variations of ground-level secondary particles are analyzed. We find the average number of particles per shower event increases significantly in strong AEFs. Due to the acceleration by AEFs, the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold increases, and then more shower events satisfy the trigger conditions, resulting in the shower rate increases. At the same time, the secondary particles carrying positive and negative charges will be deflected in opposite direction in AEFs, and this effect increases with the zenith angle. As a result, the flux variations of shower events detected by KM2A are correlated with the primary direction. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Automatic Mining of Security-Sensitive Functions from Source Code

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2018年第8期56卷 199-210页

作者： Lin Chen Chunfang Yang Fenlin Liu Daofu Gong Shichang Ding Zhengzhou Science and Technology Institute Zhengzhou450001China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou450001China University of Göttingen Goldschmidtstr.737077 GöttingenGermany

When dealing with the large-scale program,many automatic vulnerability mining techniques encounter such problems as path explosion,state explosion,and low *** of large-scale programs based on safety-sensitive functions helps solve the above *** manual identification of security-sensitive functions is a tedious task,especially for the large-scale *** study proposes a method to mine security-sensitive functions the arguments of which need to be checked before they are *** argument-checking identification algorithms are proposed based on the analysis of two implementations of argument *** on these algorithms,security-sensitive functions are detected based on the ratio of invocation instances the arguments of which have been protected to the total number of *** results of experiments on three well-known open-source projects show that the proposed method can outperform competing methods in the literature.

关键词： Code mining vulnerabilities static analysis security-sensitive function source code.

An Enigmatic PeVatron in an Area around HII Region G35.6−0.5

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, B.Q. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Chu, M.C. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Ge, T.T. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hannuksela, O.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y.Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, H.B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ng, K.C.Y. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Zhejiang Hangzhou311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Obse

Identifying Galactic PeVatrons (PeV particle accelerators) from the ultra-high-energy (UHE, >100 TeV) γ-ray sources plays a crucial role in revealing the origin of Galactic cosmic rays. The UHE source 1LHAASO J1857+0203u is suggested to be associated with HESS J1858+020, which may be attributed to the possible PeVatron candidate supernova remnant (SNR) G35.6−0.4 or HII region G35.6−0.5. We perform detailed analysis on the very-high-energy and UHE γ-ray emissions towards this region with data from the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). 1LHAASO J1857+0203u is detected with a significance of 11.6σ above 100 TeV, indicating the presence of a PeVatron. It has an extension of ∼ 0.18◦ with a power-law (PL) spectral index of ∼2.5 in 1-25 TeV and a point-like emission with a PL spectral index of ∼3.2 above 25 TeV. Using the archival CO and HI data, we identify some molecular and atomic clouds that may be associated with the TeV γ-ray emissions. Our modelling indicates that the TeV γ-ray emissions are unlikely to arise from the clouds illuminated by the protons that escaped from SNR G35.6−0.4. In the scenario that HII region G35.6−0.5 could accelerate particles to the UHE band, the observed GeV-TeV γ-ray emission could be well explained by a hadronic model with a PL spectral index of ∼2.0 and cutoff energy of ∼450 TeV. However, an evolved pulsar wind nebula origin cannot be ruled out. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmic rays

A threshold effect of coupling delays on intra-layer synchronization in duplex networks

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第12期61卷 1907-1914页

作者： TANG LongKun LU JunAn Lü JinHu Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computation Science School of Mathematical Sciences Huaqiao University Department of Mathematics & Statistics Georgia State University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University

This paper investigates the impact of inter-layer coupling functions and intra-layer coupling delays on intra-layer synchronization regions and sychronizability. It is found that the inter-layer coupling functions have great influence on intra-layer synchronization regions, as well as on the intra-layer synchronizability. In particular, there exists an inter-layer coupling function such that the inter-layer coupling strength neither improves nor weakens the intra-layer synchronizability. Furthermore, no matter which one of three inter-layer coupling functions is chosen, a small intra-layer delay always keeps the intra-layer synchronized regions almost unchanged, implying that the small delay neither enhances nor suppresses the intra-layer synchronizability. At the same time the delay greatly frustrates the synchronizability in each layer when it is greater than some threshold. Our results may have potential applications for interconnected technological networks where communication delays are inevitably present.

关键词： multiplex network master stability function intra-layer synchronization synchronized region time delay