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Rapidly Reversible Superwettability on Textured Metallic Surfaces

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zou, Xianrui Zhang, Yongguang Fang, Wei Jiang, Hui Yang, Zhilu Li, Qunyang Wu, Shuilin Wang, Hongshui Wang, Donghui Zhou, Huan Yang, Tai Xia, Dan Liu, Ning Yang, Qiang Yang, Lei Feng, Xiqiao Liang, Chunyong Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300130 China Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin300350 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology Ministry of Education Tianjin300350 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin300350 China Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangdong Dongguan523059 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation Guangdong Guangzhou510080 China Department of Cardiology Third People's Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Materials Science & Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials School of Materials Science & Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei University Wuhan430062 China Center for Health Science and Engineering Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300130 China Department of Spine Surgery Tianjin Hospital Tianjin University Tianjin30021 China

Reversible superwettability on non-coated metallic surfaces has a broad range of engineering applications, yet achieving a rapid reverse of superwettability is still technically challenging on different metals. Here we show that rapid transition between superhydrophobicity (SHB) and superhydrophilicity (SHL) within tens of minutes can be achieved on femtosecond laser-treated Al and Ti surfaces with the assistance of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and direct-current (DC) sputtering. The extremely high wettability conversion rate on metal surfaces was found to be related to the formation of textured amorphous metal oxides, whose relative content of oxygen vacancies (OVs) could be altered by UV irradiation and DC sputtering. Our findings provide a versatile approach for designing metal surfaces with rapidly reversible superwettability, enabling various applications such as oil-water separations and the controlled release of hydrophilic drugs. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Femtosecond lasers

Detecting Human-Object Interactions with Object-Guided Cross-Modal Calibrated Semantics

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arXiv

arXiv 2022年

作者： Yuan, Hangjie Wang, Mang Ni, Dong Xu, Liangpeng College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China DAMO Academy Alibaba Group China

Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection is an essential task to understand human-centric images from a fine-grained perspective. Although end-to-end HOI detection models thrive, their paradigm of parallel human/object detection and verb class prediction loses two-stage methods' merit: object-guided hierarchy. The object in one HOI triplet gives direct clues to the verb to be predicted. In this paper, we aim to boost end-to-end models with object-guided statistical priors. Specifically, We propose to utilize a Verb Semantic Model (VSM) and use semantic aggregation to profit from this object-guided hierarchy. Similarity KL (SKL) loss is proposed to optimize VSM to align with the HOI dataset's priors. To overcome the static semantic embedding problem, we propose to generate cross-modality-aware visual and semantic features by Cross-Modal Calibration (CMC). The above modules combined composes Object-guided Cross-modal Calibration Network (OCN). Experiments conducted on two popular HOI detection benchmarks demonstrate the significance of incorporating the statistical prior knowledge and produce state-of-the-art performances. More detailed analysis indicates proposed modules serve as a stronger verb predictor and a more superior method of utilizing prior knowledge. The codes are available at https://***/JacobYuan7/OCNHOI-Benchmark. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

Influence of germination and roasting on the characteristic volatile organic compounds of quinoa using sensory evaluation, E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS

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Food Chemistry: X 2024年 22卷 101441页

作者： Peng, Siwang Li, Yiju Liu, Huan Tuo, Yuanrong Dang, Jiamin Wang, Wei You, Haixi Du, Shuangkui Wang, Liying Ding, Long College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling712100 China Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control Chongqing401121 China Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation Chongqing401121 China Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province Xianyang712100 China

This study aimed to investigate the effects of germination and roasting on the flavor of quinoa. Firstly, the aroma of quinoa and germinated quinoa roasted under different conditions was analyzed using sensory evaluation and electronic nose (E-nose). Results showed that the best favorable aroma of quinoa and germinated quinoa was obtained when roasted at 160 °C for 15 min. Then, a total of 34 and 80 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of quinoa and germinated quinoa roasted at 160 °C for 15 min were determined using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS), respectively. Germination and roasting effectively reduced the contents of VOCs that produced undesirable flavor. Moreover, germination improved the floral aromas, while roasting mainly produced caramel, cocoa, and roasted nut aromas of quinoa. This study indicated that germination and roasting treatments might serve as promising processing methods to improve the flavor of quinoa. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Germination

Overexpression of the GIPC Glycosyltransferase OsGMT1 Suppresses Plant Immunity and Delays Heading Time in Rice

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lin, Yuelong Zhu, Yongsheng Wang, Lanning Zheng, Yanmei Xie, Yunjie Cai, Qiuhua He, Wei Xie, Hongguang Liu, Haitao Wang, Yingheng Cui, Lili Wei, Yidong Xie, Huaan Zhang, Jianfu College of Agronomy Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Rice Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou350019 China State Key Laboratory for Ecological control of Crop Pests between Fujian and Taiwan National Engineering Laboratory of Rice South China Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/Incubating base State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian Ministry of Science and Technology Fuzhou Branch of National Rice Improvement Center Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Germplasm innovation and Molecular Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas for South China Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding Fujian Fuzhou350003 China

Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are the major sphingolipids in the plant plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis, mutations of genes involved in the synthesis of GIPCs affect many physiological aspects of plants, including growth, pollen fertility, defense, and stress signaling. Loss of function of the GIPC MANNOSYL-TRANSFERASE1 (AtGMT1) results in GIPC misglycosylation and induces plant immune responses accompanied by a severely dwarfed phenotype, thus indicating that GIPCs play important roles in plant immunity. Here, we investigated the enzymatic activity and phenotypes of transgenic lines of OsGMT1, the ortholog of AtGMT1. Sphingolipidomic analysis indicated that OsGMT1 retained the enzymatic activity of GIPC Hex glycosylation, but the knockout lines did not accumulate H2O2. In contrast, the OsGMT1 overexpression lines showed significant down-regulation of several defense-associated or cell wall synthesis-associated genes, and enhanced sensitivity to rice blast. Furthermore, we first demonstrated the sensitivity of rice cells to MoNLP1 protein through calcein AM release assays using rice protoplasts, thus legitimizing the presence of MoNLPs in rice blast fungus. In addition, yeast two-hybrid screens using OsGMT1 as bait revealed that OsGMT1 may regulate heading time through the OsHAP5C signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggested clear physiological functional differentiation of GMT1 orthologs between rice and Arabidopsis. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genes

Particle distribution function discontinuity-based kinetic immersed boundary method for Boltzmann equation and its applications to incompressible viscous flows

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Physical Review E 2022年第3期105卷 035306-035306页

作者： Ding Xu Yisu Huang Jinglei Xu State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Control for Flight Vehicle School of Aerospace Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China

In this paper, a general immersed boundary force density is introduced for the Boltzmann equation and finally expressed as the desired particle distribution function discontinuity across the immersed boundary. Because of its independence of any specific boundary conditions and any specific solvers for the Boltzmann equation, it actually establishes a unified framework to incorporate various types of boundary conditions and several different kinds of solvers for the Boltzmann equation. Hence, a particle distribution function discontinuity-based kinetic immersed boundary method (KIBM) for the Boltzmann equation is proposed based on this general immersed boundary force density. Subsequently, this paper primarily focuses on the isothermal incompressible fluid-solid flows, and uses the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme to solve the Boltzmann Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model equation. Meanwhile, the regularized delta function and the bounce-back rule combined with an iterative IBM correction procedure are employed in obtaining the general immersed boundary force density to enforce the no-penetration and no-slip boundary conditions on the solid wall. Finally, some numerical experiments for typical incompressible fluid-solid flows show that the present KIBM could provide good agreement with other numerical and experimental results.

关键词： Immersed boundary methods

Deciphering Cl- Promoted Generation of Singlet Oxygen in Solar-Activated Peroxymonosulfate System and Effect on Acetaminophen Abatement

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Zhilin Lin, Junhao Liu, Jiawei Li, Ling Zhuang, Wei Ding, Lei Shi, Jun Deng, Huiping State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai200092 China School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma’anshan243032 China Anhui University of Technology China Jiangsu University China

The introduction of chloride (Cl-) triggers a series of chain radical/non-radical reactions in the advanced oxidation process (AOPs), including the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2). However, the mechanism of 1O2 generation remains unclear. This study investigated the transformation mechanisms of reactive species and the impact on pollutant abatement based on a Cl-mediated simulated solar/PMS process. Thermodynamic calculations confirmed that the reaction between HSO5- and ClO• was the sole pathway for 1O2 generation, which involved a nucleophilic attack of the oxygen atom in the peroxide group on the Cl atom in ClO•. The reaction rate was calculated to be 8.5×1010 M-1 s-1 based on the transition state theory. Excluding 1O2, the generation of major reactive species, including HO•, SO4•-, Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•, were confirmed and quantified by probes kinetics. A maximum pseudo-first-order degradation constant (k′) of 2.653×10-3 s-1 for ACT was observed when the ratio of [Cl‑] to [PMS] was 10. Analysis of the products via Q-TOF-MS/MS suggested that HO• interacted with ACT through an addition, while reactive chlorine radicals (RCRs) and SO4•- would attack ACT by electron transfer. Meanwhile, the degradation of ACT involved an electron-coupled proton transfer mechanism. Furthermore, the abatement ability of the reaction system for micropollutants was investigated based on real water and solar irradiation. Overall, this study enhances understanding of 1O2 generation and contaminant transformation in the solar/PMS process under the effect of natural chlorides, both from theoretical and practical applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Potential High-Risk Release Sources of Thallium and Arsenic from Surrounding Rocks of a Typical Thallium and Arsenic Mining Area in Southwest China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Du, Yanpei Shi, Lingfeng Cao, Xinyan Zhao, Fengqi Hu, Pengjie Ying, Rongrong Gu, Shangyi Wu, Longhua Luo, Yongming Christie, Peter State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China College of Resource and Environmental Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China

Abundant naturally and anthropogenically exposed surrounding rocks (NESRs and AESRs) in mining areas may pose persistent threats as sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), but this has been historically overlooked, especially for thallium (Tl) and arsenic (As). Here, the release risks of Tl and As from both NESRs and AESRs in a typical Tl-As sulfide mining area were investigated. In a single leaching process, AESRs released 10.4% of total Tl (157 μg L–1) and 32.5% of total As (4089 μg L–1), 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than NESRs. Prolonged alternate drying and wetting leaching test revealed notable and long-term risks of release of Tl and As from AESRs, associated with iron-bearing mineral dissolution and acid production. Substantial release of PTEs was linked to the transformation/degradation of the -OH functional group and extensive dissolution of secondary sulfate minerals in AESRs. Ultrafiltration and STEM-EDS indicate that 18.4% of water-extracted As released from AESRs existed as natural nanoparticles consisting of iron-sulfur minerals. This study highlights the high risks of Tl and As release from anthropogenically exposed surrounding rocks and the importance of nanoparticles in PTE transport, and provides insights into the control of PTEs in mining areas. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

RAG-based Crowdsourcing Task Decomposition via Masked Contrastive Learning with Prompts

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arXiv

arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Jing Wang, Xiao Zhao, Yu Liu, Yuhang Wang, Fei-Yue The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui University Hefei266114 China Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries Qingdao230031 China National Key Laboratory of Information Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology China Macau University of Science and Technology 999078 China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100098 China State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Crowdsourcing is a critical technology in social manufacturing, which leverages an extensive and boundless reservoir of human resources to handle a wide array of complex tasks. The successful execution of these complex tasks relies on task decomposition (TD) and allocation, with the former being a prerequisite for the latter. Recently, pre-trained language models (PLMs)based methods have garnered significant attention. However, they are constrained to handling straightforward common-sense tasks due to their inherent restrictions involving limited and difficult-to-update knowledge as well as the presence of "hallucinations". To address these issues, we propose a retrieval-augmented generation-based crowdsourcing framework that reimagines TD as event detection from the perspective of natural language understanding. However, the existing detection methods fail to distinguish differences between event types and always depend on heuristic rules and external semantic analyzing tools. Therefore, we present a Prompt-Based Contrastive learning framework for TD (PBCT), which incorporates a prompt-based trigger detector to overcome dependence. Additionally, trigger-attentive sentinel and masked contrastive learning are introduced to provide varying attention to trigger and contextual features according to different event types. Experiment results demonstrate the competitiveness of our method in both supervised and zero-shot detection. A case study on printed circuit board manufacturing is showcased to validate its adaptability to unknown professional domains. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

Quantifying Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption Benefits Across Cities: A Transferable Vehicle Energy Consumption Evaluation Framework

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jia, Zhenyu Cao, Zeping Yin, Jiawei Wu, Lin Wei, Ning Zhang, Yanjie Jiang, Zhiwen Zhang, Qijun Mao, Hongjun Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Jinchuan Group Information and Automation Engineering Co. Ltd. Jinchang737100 China Tianjin Youmei Environment Technology Ltd. Tianjin300380 China

Vehicle electrification is an important approach worldwide for energy saving and emission reduction. However, the absence of a unified assessment method complicates the accurate quantification of energy consumption benefits from Electric Vehicles (EVs), including Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). To address this issue, the study introduces a framework for evaluating these benefits across regions based on driving cycle (DC) database and machine learning method. Tianjin and Xining, two typical cities, were used as case studies. The DC databases were iteratively generated using a 3-D Markov chain method, capturing the main driving characteristics of two cities. Energy consumption models for Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs), BEVs, and PHEVs achieved R2 of 0.92, 0.83, and 0.74 on the test set, respectively. The results show that EVs can achieve energy consumption benefits ranging from 16.4 % to 77.8 %. Promoting EVs in both cities yields significant energy efficiency benefits, with BEVs offering more in Tianjin, while PHEVs offer greater benefits in Xining. The model interpretation indicates that the difference stems from Tianjin's more frequent and intense deceleration and Xining's more varied terrain. The framework standardizes energy consumption assessment across vehicle types, aiding policymakers in crafting regional EVs promotion plans. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plug-in hybrid vehicles