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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G: Engineering Challenges and the Road Ahead

Intelligent and Converged networks 2025年第1期6卷 53-81页

作者： Zhao, Xianming Jian, Mengnan Chen, Yijian Zhao, Yajun Mu, Lin Future Information Technology Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen518055 China Wireless Research Institute ZTE Corporation Beijing100029 China

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a pivotal technology for the Sixth-Generation (6G) communication system, showcasing the ability to configure wireless environment dynamically. Acknowledged as a breakthrough in enhancing network coverage, augmenting system capacity, and facilitating advanced applications such as Integrated Communication and Sensing (ISAC), RISs present a concrete approach to molding the future network evolution. The advancement of RIS technology necessitates a departure from idealistic assumptions and oversimplifications, compelling a progression towards models that more accurately reflect the physical attributes of hardware and the characteristics of propagation. In this paper, we delve into the practical constraints and limitations of current RIS design methodologies, conducting a comprehensive analysis based on the latest technological research advancements and product realizations. Our exploration is broad-ranging, encompassing the engineering challenges of single-point RISs, such as hardware impairments, intricacies of algorithm design, frequency spectrum-specific difficulties. A concentrated discourse is presented on novel near-field channel designs, the restrictions imposed by low-bit quantization, and the intricacies of amplitude-phase correlation constraints. This discussion aims to unearth the challenges, opportunities, and paradigmatic shifts induced by the practical deployment of RISs. The deployment challenges, networking dilemmas, simulation, and product evaluation is provided for RISs in large-scale networks from a broader system perspective. Furthermore, this paper highlights the critical need for accelerated efforts towards the commercialization of RISs. We explore the practical application revolution of RISs, encompassing engineering aspects and standardization processes. Our discussion aims to establish a foundational framework for introducing RISs into the market, acknowledging their significant potential

关键词： Product design

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Machine learning empowered UAV-based beamforming design in ISAC systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 285-286页

作者： Xiangyang DUAN Xiaoqi ZHANG Shuqiang XIA Zhongbin WANG Yihua MA Weijie YUAN State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Wireless and Computing Research InstituteZTE Corporation School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney School of Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been proposed as an enabling technology for the realization of the next-generation wireless system,which focuses on performing wireless communication and sensing *** the various potential ISAC-based applications,unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based ISAC plays a significant part in unlocking the potential of future next-generation wireless communication,facilitating low-latency data transmission in high-mobility *** by recent advancements,a variety of effective techniques have been investigated to optimize beamforming design in ISAC *** instance,the authors in [1] introduced an extended Kalman filtering (EKF)-based method tailored for millimeter wave (mmWave) ISAC ***,Ref.[2]proposed an extended interacting multiple model (IMM)-EKF framework designed for vehicular networks with intricate roadway *** these advancements,the aforementioned methods typically employ a separate scheme for channel prediction and beam alignment,which introduces additional signaling overhead in real-world ***,there is a demand for an end-to-end beamforming design approach specifically for UAV-based ISAC systems.

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Measurement and Analysis of Radar-Cross-Section of UAV at 21-26 GHz Frequency Band

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ZTE Communications 2025年第1期23卷 107-114页

作者： AN Hao LIU Ting HE Danping MA Yihua DOU Jianwu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Bei-jing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology ZTE CorporationShenzhen 518057China

With the emergence of the 6G technology,integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)has become a hot-spot vertical *** low-altitude scenario is considered to be a significant use case of the ***,the existing channel model is hard to meet the demands of the sensing *** radar-cross-section(RCS)is a critical feature for the sensing part,while accurate RCS data for the typical frequency band of ISAC are still ***,this paper conducts measurements and analysis of the RCS data of the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under multiple poses and angles in real flying *** echo from a UAV is acquired in an anechoic chamber,and the RCS values are *** results of different flying attitudes are analyzed,providing RCS features for the ISAC applications.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle radar-cross-section integrated sensing and communication anechoic chamber measurement

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Toward zero trust in 5G Industrial Internet collaboration systems

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Digital Communications and networks 2025年第2期11卷 547-555页

作者： Zhang, Han Zhang, Ziyan Chen, Liquan School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China ZTE Corporation Nanjing210012 China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen518057 China Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security Nanjing211118 China

With the introduction of 5G, users and devices can access the industrial network from anywhere in the world. Therefore, traditional perimeter-based security technologies for industrial networks can no longer work well. To solve this problem, a new security model called Zero Trust(ZT) is desired, which believes in "never trust and always verify". Every time the asset in the industrial network is accessed, the subject is authenticated and its trustworthiness is assessed. In this way, the asset in industrial network can be well protected, whether the subject is in the internal network or the external network. However, in order to construct the zero trust model in the 5G Industrial Internet collaboration system, there are still many problems to be solved. In this paper, we first introduce the security issues in the 5G Industrial Internet collaboration system, and illustrate the zero trust architecture. Then, we analyze the gap between existing security techniques and the zero trust architecture. Finally, we discuss several potential security techniques that can be used to implement the zero trust model. The purpose of this paper is to point out the further direction for the realization of the Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) in the 5G Industrial Internet collaboration system. © 2024 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Edge-aware Laplacian Pyramid network for Efficient Image Deblurring

Edge-aware Laplacian Pyramid Network for Efficient Image Deb...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Xu, Zhe Lei, Zhipei Gou, Dingyong Wu, Yanlin Zhang, Liwen Li, Cong ZTE Corporation Shenzhen518057 China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen518055 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Image deblurring is dedicated to restoring blurry images resulting from camera shake or target motion into high-quality sharp images. Recent work has made notable progress in image deblurring, but few studies have focused on the role of high-frequency information in this task. Hence, an efficient Edge-aware Laplacian Pyramid network (ELPNet) is proposed for image deblurring. Specifically, we introduce a reversible Laplacian pyramid decomposition and reconstruction mechanism within the deblurring network, guiding the reconstruction of high-frequency information. Additionally, we present a novel Large-Kernel convolution Hybrid Attention Block (LKHAB) that leverages re-parameterization to effectively integrate channel-wise and spatial-invariant features with a larger receptive field. We also introduce an Edge-Aware Merge Block (EAMB) that combines Laplacian and Scharr operators with difference convolutions to create various learnable edge gradient convolutions. The EAMB can elegantly capture the edge information of features, and through re-parameterization, enables to merging of different edge gradient convolutions into a vanilla convolution during inference. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance with significantly reduced parameters and computation. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： attention edge-aware Image deblurring Laplacian pyramid re-parameterization

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Efficient Spatio-Temporal Predictive Learning for Massive MIMO CSI Prediction

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ZTE Communications 2025年第1期23卷 3-10页

作者： CHENG Jiaming CHEN Wei LI Lun AI Bo School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen 518055China ZTE Corporation Shenzhen 518057China

Accurate channel state information(CSI)is crucial for 6G wireless communication systems to accommodate the growing demands of mobile broadband *** massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems,traditional CSI feedback approaches face challenges such as performance degradation due to feedback delay and channel aging caused by user *** address these issues,we propose a novel spatio-temporal predictive network(STPNet)that jointly integrates CSI feedback and prediction *** employs stacked Inception modules to learn the spatial correlation and temporal evolution of CSI,which captures both the local and the global spatiotemporal *** addition,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)adaptive module is designed to adapt flexibly to diverse feedback channel *** results demonstrate that STPNet outperforms existing channel prediction methods under various channel conditions.

关键词： massive MIMO deep learning CSI prediction CSI feedback

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FSMM: An Efficient Matrix Multiplication Accelerator Supporting Flexible Sparsity 24

FSMM: An Efficient Matrix Multiplication Accelerator Support...

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43rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, ICCAD 2024

作者： Qiao, Yuxuan Yang, Fan Zhang, Yecheng Xiong, Xiankui Yao, Xiao Yao, Haidong State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan University Shanghai China School of Microelectronics Fudan University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology ZTE Corporation Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710773

Sparse matrix multiplication is a critical operation in deep learning. However, matrix sparsity leads to irregular data flow, which would degrade the efficiency of matrix multiplication. Traditional accelerators, equipped with additional hardware units to address this issue, often experience the issue of low hardware utilization. Furthermore, N : M structured sparsity and corresponding hardware architectures face challenges such as accuracy degradation, limited flexibility, and restricted applicability. In this paper, we propose a Flexible Sparse Matrix Multiplication Accelerator (FSMM), which can improve the efficiency of sparse matrix multiplication through both algorithmic-level and hardware-level optimizations. At the algorithmic level, we propose the matrix-matrix multiplication with block-level outer production and fine-grained matrix reordering algorithm. The algorithm balances the sparsity of each column of a matrix block, which improves matrix compression, balances the load, and speeds up computation. This algorithm reduces storage by 8.2% ~ 85.9%. At the hardware-level, we introduce a flexible architecture for matrix multiplication. It selects the most suitable data path to complete matrix multiplication based on the sparsity of the reordered matrix. FSMM achieves a speedup of 1.90× ~ 16.18× over Systolic Array and 1.70× ~ 2.87× over the existing TSTC approach. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Fast response computer systems

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Predictive Generation for Digital Twin Channel:Long-Batch Time-Frequency Construction

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China Communications 2025年第4期22卷 161-173页

作者： Che Chang Hu Jie Kang Honghui Rui Hua Lyu Xingzai Wang Bo School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology ZTE CorporationShenzhen 518055China

Wireless communication systems that incorporate digital twin(DT)alongside artificial intelligence(AI)are expected to transform 6G networks by providing advanced features for predictive modeling and decision *** key component is the creation of DT channels,which form the basis for upcoming ***,the existing work of channel predictive generation only considers time dimension,distribution-oriented or multi-step slidingwindow prediction schemes,which is not accurate and efficient for real-time DT communication ***,we propose the wireless channel generative adversarial network(WCGAN)to tackle the issue of generating authentic long-batch channels for DT *** generator based on convolutional neural networks(CNN)extracts features from both the time and frequency domains to better capture the *** loss function is designed to ensure that the generated channels consistently match the physical channels over an extended period while sharing the same probability ***,the accumulating error from the slicing window has been *** simulation demonstrates that an accurate and efficient DT channel can be generated by employing our proposed WCGAN in various scenarios.

关键词： channel generation channel prediction deep learning digital twin(DT) generative adversarial network(GAN)

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Physical Modeling of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Channel Modeling

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China Communications 2025年第2期22卷 128-142页

作者： MiaoWei Dou Jianwu Cui Yijun Yang Zhenyu School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Multimedia Technology Shenzhen 518005China ZTE Corporation Shenzhen 518005China

In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS *** the context of important physical characteristics of the backscattering polarization of RIS,the modeling of the RIS wireless channel requires a tradeoff between complexity and accuracy,as well as usability and *** channel modeling of RIS systems,RIS is modelled as multi-equivalent virtual base stations(BSs)induced by multi polarized electromagnetic waves from different incident *** comparison between test and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm effectively captures the key characteristics of the general RIS element polarization physical model and provides accurate results.

关键词： channel modeling map-based hybrid channel model polarized model Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)

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Edge-aware Laplacian Pyramid network for Efficient Image Deblurring

Edge-aware Laplacian Pyramid Network for Efficient Image Deb...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Zhe Xu Zhipei Lei Dingyong Gou Yanlin Wu Liwen Zhang Cong Li ZTE Corporation Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

关键词： Laplace equations Convolution Image edge detection Merging Cameras Acoustics Speech processing Image reconstruction

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