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Preliminary safety analysis of the PWR with accident-tolerant fuels during severe accident conditions

Annals of Nuclear Energy 2015年 80卷 1-13页

作者： Xiaoli Wu Wei Li Yang Wang Yapei Zhang Wenxi Tian Guanghui Su Suizheng Qiu Tong Liu Yongjun Deng Heng Huang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an Shanxi 710049 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute A-1101 Fengde Plaza No. 6 Hangkong Road Chengdu Sichuan 610000 China

Experience gained in decades of nuclear safety research and previous nuclear accidents direct to the investigation of passive safety system design and accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) system which is now becoming a hot research point in the nuclear energy field. The ATF system is aimed at upgrading safety characteristics of the nuclear fuel and cladding in a reactor core where active cooling has been lost, and is preferable or comparable to the current UO 2 –Zr system when the reactor is in normal operation. By virtue of advanced materials with improved properties, the ATF system will obviously slow down the progression of accidents, allowing wider margin of time for the mitigation measures to work. Specifically, the simulation and analysis of a large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) without ECCS and extended station blackout (SBO) severe accident are performed for a pressurized water reactor (PWR) loaded with ATF candidates, to reflect the accident-tolerance of ATF.

关键词： Safety analysis Accident-tolerant Severe accident

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A research on ignition of a boiler by using coke-oven gas instead of light oil and alternation of the boiler

A research on ignition of a boiler by using coke-oven gas in...

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International Conference on Frontiers of Energy, Materials and Information engineering, ICFMEI 2014

作者： Shi, Hong Wei Zhang, Xing Kai Wang, Dong Wang, Shuai State key lab of multiphase flow in power engineering Xi’an jiaotong university Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038352778

In order to solute the question of boiler ignition in thermal electrical factory of an Aluminun plant, Coke-oven gas was used to substitute for ligtht oil. At the same output of boiler, the cost of start up can be reduced;at low boiler output coke-oven gas can be used to ignite coal, and the ignition was steady. Once upon a time, the coke-oven gas was ignited directly in the air, it wasted energy and caused envirnmental pollution. The coke-oven gas guns were placed in the under secondary air and the middle secondary air, the output of single gas gun was 800Nm3/h;the virtue of the arrangement was to prevent coke-oven gas consuming so much air for the coal. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Coke

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CO_2 Leakage Identification in Geosequestration Based on Real Time Correlation Analysis Between Atmospheric O_2 and CO_2

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2014年第6期22卷 634-642页

作者：马登龙邓建强张早校 State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University

The paper describes a method for monitoring CO2 leakage in geological carbon dioxide sequestration. A real time monitoring parameter, apparent leakage flux(ALF), is presented to monitor abnormal CO2 leakage, which can be calculated by atmospheric CO2 and O2 data. The computation shows that all ALF values are close to zero-line without the leakage. With a step change or linear perturbation of concentration to the initial CO2 concentration data with no leakage, ALF will deviate from background line. Perturbation tests prove that ALF method is sensitive to linear perturbation but insensitive to step change of concentration. An improved method is proposed based on real time analysis of surplus CO2 concentration in least square regression process, called apparent leakage flux from surplus analysis(ALFs), which is sensitive to both step perturbation and linear perturbations of concentration. ALF is capable of detecting concentration increase when the leakage occurs while ALFs is useful in all periods of leakage. Both ALF and ALFs are potential approaches to monitor CO2 leakage in geosequestration project.

关键词： CO2 monitor carbon storage gas leakage O2/CO2 exchange correlation analyysis

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Single GaAs nanowire Schottky solar cell with a record high efficiency of ～17%

Single GaAs nanowire Schottky solar cell with a record high ...

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The 6th International Conference on Nanoscience & Technology, China 2015

作者： Ning Han Yunfa Chen Johnny C.Ho State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong

Solar energy utilizations in the form of photovoltaics are vastly investigated in order to provide enough clean energy after the fossil energy era. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate solar cells with the high efficiency and low cost aimed at the third generation photovoltaics, though the material consumption will be greatly reduced in the nanometer scale. In this study, highly crystalline, long and dense Ga As nanowires(NWs) are synthesized on amorphous Si O2/Si substrates in the solid source chemical vapor deposition(CVD) system, avoiding the use of expensive single crystalline epitaxial substrates(e.g. Ga As(111)B) in metal-organic(MO) CVD or molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) methods [1]. Then, the single NWs are fabricated into Schottky contact solar cells [2] by a simple ultraviolet photolithography process getting rid of the complicated p-i-n structures complementation. Besides these low-cost advantages of the NW synthesis and device fabrication, the horizontal NW solar cell show a record high efficiency of 7% under air mass 1.5 global(AM 1.5G) illumination. This produces another record in addition to the vertically aligned p-i-n Ga As NW solar cells previously reported, in which the superior photovoltaic performance is attributed to the light concentrating effect of NWs with diameter in the order of light wavelength [3]. All these results show the promising prospect of the high quality Ga As NWs synthesis in low cost solid source CVD system, and the highly efficient photovoltaic applications in the simple Schottky contact configuration.

关键词： GaAs nanowires Schottky contact Solar cells Horizontal structure High efficiency

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Development and application of a UTSG thermal-hydraulic analysis code

Development and application of a UTSG thermal-hydraulic anal...

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International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, ICAPP 2014

作者： Cong, Tenglong Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui Qiu, Suizheng School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781632668264

Structural integrity of steam generator should be maintained during operation, since it performs as the pressure boundary of primary side coolant. Localized thermal-hydraulic parameters of secondary side are essential for the analysis of tube wastage, fatigue and failure. In this paper, a three-dimensional thermohydraulics analysis code, named STAF, is developed based on FLUENT. With STAF code, three-dimensional thermohydraulics of secondary side of AP1000 steam generator are generated. This code is developed based on the porous media theory. In this code, the drift flux two-phase model coupled with a simplified flow boiling model is utilized to present two-phase flow among the U-tube bundle. Downcomer, tube bundle, support plates and primary separators in steam generator are considered in STAF code. The calculated results are compared with a general steam generator thermohydraulic analysis code ATHOS, which is developed by the Westinghouse. The comparison indicates that STAF code performs well in evaluating thermal-hydraulic parameters in steam generator. The results show that the flow field varies significantly at different position in AP1000 steam generator. flow vapor quality at the inlet of primary separators varies significantly, which is a severe challenge to the capacity design of separators.

关键词： Steam generators

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Activating ZnO nanorod photoanodes in visible light by Cu ion implantation

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 353-364页

作者： Meng Wang Feng Ren Guangxu Cai Yichao Liu Shaohua Shen Liejin Guo International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China School of Physics and Technology Center for Ion Beam Application Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Utilization of visible light is of crucial importance for exploiting efficient semiconductor catalysts for solar water splitting. In this study, an advanced ion implantation method was utilized to dope Cu ions into ZnO nanorod arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting in visible light. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy （XPS） results revealed that Cu^＋ together with a small amount of Cu^2＋ were highly dispersed within the ZnO nanorod arrays. The Cu ion doped ZnO nanorod arrays displayed extended optical absorption and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance under visible light illumination （A 〉 420 nm）. A considerable photocurrent density of 18 μA/cm^2 at 0.8 V （vs. a saturated calomel electrode） was achieved, which was about 11 times higher than that of undoped ZnO nanorod arrays. This study proposes that ion implantation could be an effective approach for developing novel visible-light-driven photocatalytic materials for water splitting.

关键词： ion implantation Cu ion doping ZnO nanorods photoanode water splitting

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Extraction of coal-tar pitch using NMP/ILs mixed solvents

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第12期57卷 1760-1765页

作者： HUANG Jin Cheng LI Chun Shan BAI Lu NIE Yi WANG Er Qiang HE Yu Jian ZHANG Suo Jiang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Coal-tar pitch(CP)is a promising carbon raw material for producing needle coke,carbon fiber *** processing,the H/C ratio,ash content,and quinoline insoluble(QI)in the CP are the key factors that influence the material *** this study,NMP was selected to extract CP first;then[BMIM]Cl/NMP mixed solvent was used;and finally a series of ionic liquids(ILs)mixtures with NMP were developed for the extraction of CP to obtain the refined *** extracts were analyzed via elemental analysis,TGA,FT-IR,and *** indicate that different NMP/IL mass ratios or different kinds of ILs have impact on the extraction *** relationship of the hydrogen to carbon(H/C)ratio changed with different solvents and QI extracts were *** showed that the H/C ratios changed little between NMP extracts and could be adjusted by changing the NMP/ILs mass ratio or using different *** extracts are suitable for preparation mesophase pitch because of no ash content,low QI,and appropriate H/C *** a result,NMP can be used to refine *** addition,[BMIM]Cl is good mixed with NMP for CP extraction,because it can obtain a relatively high yield under the same extraction conditions.

关键词： coal-tar pitch ionic liquid NMP extraction H/C

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Solid-state synthesis of Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.56)Ni_(0.16)Co_(0.08)]O_2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

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Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 18-26页

作者： Wenjuan Hao Hanhui Zhan Han Chen Yanhong Wang Qiangqiang Tan Fabing Su School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics.China University of Mining and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

Layered Li[Li0.2Mn.56Ni0.6Co0.08]O2 cathode materials were synthesized via a solid-state reaction for Liion batteries, in which lithium hydroxide monohydrate, manganese dioxide, nickel monoxide, and cobalt monoxide were employed as metal precursors. To uncover the relationship between the structure and electrochemical properties of the materials, synthesis conditions such as calcination temperature and time as well as quenching methods were investigated. For the synthesized Li[Li0.2Mn.56Ni0.6Co0.08]O2 materials, the metal components were found to be in the form of Mn4＋, Ni2＋, and Co3＋, and their molar ratio was in good agreement with stoichiometric ratio of 0.56：0.16：0.08. Among them, the one synthesized at 800 ℃ for 12 h and subsequently quenched in air showed the best electrochemical performances, which had an initial discharge specific capacity and coulombic efficiency of 265.6 mAh/g and 84.0%, respectively, and when cycled at 0.5, 1, and 2 C, the corresponding discharge specific capacities were 237.3, 212.6, and 178.6 mAh/g, respectively. After recovered to 0.1 C rate, the discharge specific capacity became 259.5 mAh/g and the capacity loss was only 2.3% of the initial value at 0.1 C. This work suggests that the solid-state synthesis route is easy for preparing high performance Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteriesCathode materialSolid-state synthesisLithium-rich materialElectrochemical properties

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Influence of transient thermal response of solid wall on bubble dynamics in pool boiling

Influence of transient thermal response of solid wall on bub...

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作者： Zhang, Liang Li, Zhen-Dong Li, Kai Li, Hui-Xiong Zhao, Jian-Fu Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi710049 China Beijing102209 China

Numerical simulation of single bubble pool boiling process including transient thermal response of solid wall is performed using the ghost fluid method and the level set method for the sharp interface representation. The results show that non-physical initial condition in the numerical simulation deeply affects the process of bubble growth, and then multi-cycle simulation is necessary to eliminate its influence. It is shown by the present results that two nucleate criteria, i.e. constant waiting time and constant nucleate superheat, for determining the appearance time for the subsequent bubble lead to the same quasi-steady process of bubble growth if they are matched with each other. A periodically expanding and receding thermal "hollow" can be observed inside solid wall underneath the growing bubble. The recovery of the temperature on the nucleate site and the thermal boundary layer near the heating surface is influenced by transient heat conduction inside solid wall, which can affect evidently bubble thermal dynamics and heat transfer.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Hybrid Discrete-continuum Model for Granular flow

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Procedia engineering 2015年 102卷 661-667页

作者： Xizhong Chen Junwu Wang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100490 P. R. China

We present a hybrid discrete-continuum model for multi-scale simulation of granular flow. In this method, the domain is decomposed into a discrete sub-domain, where individual particles are tracked using discrete element method, and a continuum sub-domain is solved using the Navier-Stokes equation combined with kinetic theory of granular flow. The spatial coupling between continuum method and discrete method is achieved through an overlap region, in which both methods’ variables are shared with each other. The feasibility of the hybrid discrete-continuum model is demonstrated through the simulation of a velocity-driven granular Poiseuille flow with mono-disperse, smooth (frictionless) particles.

关键词： granular flow hybrid method discrete model continuum model Poiseuille flow

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