A two-dimensional two-phase non-isothermal mass transport model is developed in this paper for the air breathing direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC). The self-made computer code is used to simulate the heat and mass trans...
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How proteins fold up in nature remains one of the major problems unsolved in biophysics and molecular *** approach assumes the native state has minimum free energy,and aims to find the absolute free energy *** dynamic...
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How proteins fold up in nature remains one of the major problems unsolved in biophysics and molecular *** approach assumes the native state has minimum free energy,and aims to find the absolute free energy *** dynamic approach assumes protein folding is stochastic in nature,and aims to find the statistically most probable *** the advantages of the thermodynamic and dynamic approaches,a multi-scale simulation of protein folding is carried ***,
The optical model of the volumetric solar receiver has been built and corresponding solar radiation propagation process within the receiver is simulated by the Monte Carlo ray tracing method(MCRT). In the computation,...
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The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures,initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flam...
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The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures,initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flame in a constant volume combustion *** on the analysis of stretched flame propagation speed and stretch rate,the laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of iso-butanol-air flames are *** accordance,with photos of flame,an analysis of flame stability and the influencing factors is carried *** results show that the laminar burning velocity is decreased with the increase of initial pressure and is increased with the increase of initial *** maximum value of laminar burning velocity is presented at the equivalence ratio of *** Markstein length is decreased with the increase of equivalence *** specified equivalence ratio,the Markstein length is decreased with the increase of initial temperature and initial ***,the flame instability is increased with the increase of equivalence ratio,initial temperature and initial pressure.
Combustion characteristics of premixed diethyl ether-air mixtures were studied at different equivalence ratios and elevated initial pressures using schlieren photography and spherically propagating flame. Laminar burn...
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Combustion characteristics of premixed diethyl ether-air mixtures were studied at different equivalence ratios and elevated initial pressures using schlieren photography and spherically propagating flame. Laminar burning velocities, Markstein number and critical radii at onset of cellular structure were obtained. The results show that an increase in initial pressure leads to a decrease in the unstretched laminar burning velocities. Laminar burning velocities give their peak values at the equivalence ratio of 1.1. Markstein number decrease with the increase of initial pressure and equivalence ratio, indicating that the instability of flame front is increased with the increase of initial pressure and equivalence ratio. The critical radii at onset of cellular flame structure are decreased with the increase of initial pressure.
作者：
Yuling ZhaoXiaomin LiuSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Science
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and ReactionsMinistry of Education Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
In this paper a projectile ion-recoil ion coincidence technique is used to investigate the transfer ionization processes in collisions of 0.22-6.30 MeV Cq＋ ions and 0.25-6.35 MeV 0q＋ ions （q=1, 2, 3, 4） with the H...
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In this paper a projectile ion-recoil ion coincidence technique is used to investigate the transfer ionization processes in collisions of 0.22-6.30 MeV Cq＋ ions and 0.25-6.35 MeV 0q＋ ions （q=1, 2, 3, 4） with the He atom separately. The cross section ratio f of transfer ionization to single electron transfer is measured, and the dependence of f on both charge state q and energy E of the projectiles is investigated. The electron-structure and the mechanisms leading to transfer ionization affect the dependence of f on q and E. Our measurements, along with other data published previously, suggest a similar dependence of f on charge state and energy of projectile for partially stripped ions over a large energy range. The maximum value of f is approximately 0.17q^0.60; the energy corresponding to maximum f is about 160q^0.60 keV/u.
The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components(mainly CH_(4),CO,and H_(2)),and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion *** invest...
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The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components(mainly CH_(4),CO,and H_(2)),and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion *** investigations on basic combustion characteristics of syngas referred above are conducted on a laboratory-scale combustor with flame temperature and flue gas composition measured and *** air coefficient(PA),total air coefficient(TA),and components of the syngas(CS)are selected as key factors,and it is found that PA dominates mostly the ignition of syngas and NOx formation,while TA affects the flue gas temperature after high temperature region and NOx formation trend to be positive as H_(2)/CO components *** results provide references for industrial utilization.
The outward propagation and development of surface instability of the spark-ignited spherical premixed flames for methanol-air-nitrogen mixtures were experimentally studied by using a constant volume combustion chambe...
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The outward propagation and development of surface instability of the spark-ignited spherical premixed flames for methanol-air-nitrogen mixtures were experimentally studied by using a constant volume combustion chamber and a high-speed schlieren photography system. The laminar burning velocities, the mass burning fluxes, and the Markstein lengths were obtained at different equivalence ratios, dilution ratios, initial temperatures, and pressures. The laminar burning velocities and the mass burning fluxes give a similar curve versus the equivalence ratios. They increase with the increase of initial temperature and decrease with the increase of dilution ratio. The laminar burning velocity decreases with elevating the initial pressure, while the mass burning flux increases with the increase of the initial pressure. Markstein length decreases slightly with the increase of initial temperature for the rich mixtures. High initial pressure corresponds to low Markstein length. Markstein length increases with the increase of dilution ratio, which is more obvious when the mixture becomes leaner. Equivalence ratio has a slight impact on the development of the diffusive-thermal cellular structure at elevated initial pressures. The initial pressure has a significant influence on the occurrence of the flame front cellular structure. At the elevated pressures, the cracks on the flame surface branch and develop into the cell structure. These cells are bounded by cracks emitting a bright light, which may indicate soot formation. For very lean mixture combustion, the buoyancy effect and cooling effect from the spark electrodes have a significant impact on the flame propagation. The hydrodynamic instability, inhibited with the increase of initial temperature around the stoichiometric equivalence ratio, is enhanced with the increase of initial pressure and suppressed by mixture dilution.
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