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Study on the thermal and geometrical parameters of helical coil once-through steam generator system

International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and Technology 2021年 3卷 80-96页

作者： Yao, Hao Chen, Guo Lu, Kailin Liao, Haoyu Wu, Yingwei Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui Qiu, Suizheng School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610226 China

Due to the special structure, helical coil once-through steam generators (HCOTSGs) can withstand greater thermal expansion stress, have a larger heat exchange area, and cause the secondary flow phenomenon to improve the heat transfer capacity. Thus, it is inevitable to further study the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the HCOTSG, a vital component of reactors. The optimal physical models were selected for different heat transfer areas by detailed investigation and comparison, to adopt in the TACS, a self-developed thermal-hydraulic analysis code that is accurate and widely-used in HCOTSG simulation. After verification with experiments of Santini, taking the IRIS reactor as the object, the TACS was employed to briefly study the thermal-hydraulic performances of the HCOTSG system at first, and then discuss the influences of thermal and geometric parameters on the HCOTSG. The analysis results showed that: the variation of the primary flow rate greatly affects the heat transfer coefficient of the primary side, while the maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient of the secondary side only changes drastically with the secondary flow rate;when the primary side flow drops to 70%, superheated steam is not generated on the secondary side;when the secondary mass flow rate decreases to a certain extent, the steam superheat degree increases by a small amplitude;the primary side inlet temperature has a little influence on the primary temperature difference, but significant influence on the two-phase zone length of the secondary side;the secondary inlet temperature has very little influence on the HCOTSG system;the inner diameter and the outer diameter of helical tubes have obvious influences, while the helical diameter has not. © 2021 Xi'an Jiaotong University

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Deactivation of V2O5–WO3–TiO2 SCR Catalyst by HF During Co-Firing Electrolytic Aluminum Waste with Coal 9th

Deactivation of V2O5–WO3–TiO2 SCR Catalyst by HF During Co...

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9th International Symposium on Coal Combustion, ISCC 2019

作者： Zhu, Zhengrong Ma, Shihao Wang, Yikun Zhang, Yan Qiu, Yuxiao Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd Xi’an710032 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811616563

Fluorine-containing waste from the electrolytic aluminum industry would cause environmental pollutions if the waste is improperly disposed. It is important and urgent to develop a harmless treatment method for the waste. In this paper, co-firing electrolytic aluminum waste with coal was studied. And the deactivation of V2O5–WO3–TiO2 SCR catalyst by HF was investigated by a lab-scale experimental system. The results show that HF is harmful to the catalyst. The denitrification efficiency of catalyst sample which treated by flue gas with HF is reduced. The denitrification efficiency of sample increases with increasing work temperature and deactivation temperature. When the work temperature is 400 °C, the denitrification efficiency of catalyst sample is higher than 90%. Analysis by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the definite dispersion of F on the surface of SCR catalysts. HF would lead to decrease specific surface areas, surface acidity, and oxidation–reduction ability. Although the concentrations of Oβ (surface adsorbed oxygen) increases owing to HF, which may interact with TiO2 to destroy the carrier structure. Meanwhile, there is a chemical deactivation for the influence of HF on V2O5 and WO3. © 2022, Tsinghua University Press.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Large contributions of emission reductions and meteorological conditions to the abatement of PM_(2.5)in Beijing during the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 172-188页

作者： Yaping Jiang Shaocai Yu Xue Chen Yibo Zhang Mengying Li Zhen Li Zhe Song Pengfei Li Xiaoye Zhang Eric Lichtfouse Daniel Rosenfeld Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Air Pollution and HealthCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Aix-Marseille Univ CNRSColl FranceCNRSIRDINRAEEuropole Mediterraneen de l’ArboisAvenue Louis Philibert13100 Aix en ProvenceFrance Xi’an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an 710049China Institute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

To guarantee the blue skies for the 2022 Winter Olympics held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou from February 4 to 20,Beijing and its surrounding areas adopted a series of emission control *** provides an opportunity to determine the impacts of large-scale temporary control measures on the air quality in Beijing during this special ***,we applied the WRF-CMAQ model to quantify the contributions of emission reduction measures and meteorological *** show that meteorological conditions in 2022 decreased PM_(2.5)in Beijing by 6.9 and 11.8μg/m^(3)relative to 2021 under the scenarios with and without emission reductions,*** emission reduction measures implemented in Beijing and seven neighboring provinces resulted in an average decrease of 13.0μg/m^(3)(-41.2%)in PM_(2.5)in *** the entire period,local emission reductions contributed more to good air quality in Beijing than nonlocal emission *** the emission reduction scenario,local,controlled regions,other regions,and boundary conditions contributed 47.7%,42.0%,5.3%,and 5.0%to the PM_(2.5)concentrations in Beijing,*** results indicate that during the cleaning period with the air masses from the northwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were mainly caused by local emission ***,during the potential pollution period with the air masses from the east-northeast and west-southwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were caused by both local and nonlocal emission reductions almost *** implies that regional coordinated prevention and control strategies need to be arranged scientifically and rationally when heavy pollution events are forecasted.

关键词： PM_(2.5) WRF-CMAQ Meteorological conditions Emission reductions Winter Olympic games

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste plastics for their resource reuse:A technical review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2023年第3期6卷 215-228页

作者： Xuan Hu Dachao Ma Guangyi Zhang Mengxue Ling Qiaoling Hu Kangyi Liang Jiacheng Lu Yifan Zheng School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Rapidly increasing plastics have been used and finally become wastes,resulting in increasing pressures to the ***-assisted pyrolysis is a promising technology for converting organic wastes as waste plastics into value-added *** present,many works on microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastics have been published,but the achievements,challenges,and future directions of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste plastics have not been well summarized and *** this work,the principle of microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology is ***,the progress of its application to recover useful products from plastics is reviewed and discussed in terms of key parameters including microwave power,pyrolysis temperature,reaction time,types of catalyst,microwave absorbents and feedstock mixing ***,the yields and properties of the produced oil,gas and char are correlated with the process ***,the existing challenges and prospects of disposal/reuse of waste plastics by microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology are discussed.

关键词： Review Waste plastics Microwave-assisted pyrolysis Challenges

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Ion conduction path in composite solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: from polymer rich to ceramic rich

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第5期16卷 706-733页

作者： Zhouyu ZHANG Hao CHEN Zhenglin HU Shoubin ZHOU Lan ZHANG Jiayan LUO Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Huafu High Technology Energy Storage Co. Ltd.Yangzhou 225600China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)can address the safety issue of organic electrolyte in rechargeable lithium ***,neither polymer nor ceramic SSEs used alone can meet the demand although great progress has been made in the past few *** solid electrolytes(CSEs)composed of flexible polymers and brittle but more conducting ceramics can take advantage of the individual system for solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).CSEs can be largely divided into two categories by the mass fraction of the components:“polymer rich”(PR)and“ceramic rich”(CR)systems with different internal structures and electrochemical *** review provides a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of recent advances and limitations of both PR and CR electrolytes,with a special focus on the ion conduction path based on polymer-ceramic interaction mechanisms and structural designs of ceramic fillers/*** addition,it highlights the PR and CR which bring the leverage between the electrochemical property and the mechanical ***,it further prospects the possible route for future development of CSEs according to their rational design,which is expected to accelerate the practical application of SSLMBs.

关键词： composite solid electrolytes active filler/framework ion conduction path interphase compatibility multilayer design

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Multi-Dimensional Coupling Analysis of the Control Rod Withdraw Accident with Scam in the Typical Lfr

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Qiu, Hanrui Zhang, Jing Wang, Mingjun Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

MYRRHA is the Gen IV liquid metal cooled fast reactor, which is a pool-type reactor system developed and designed by the Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK·CEN. Regarding the safety assessment of the installation, the major challenge is to analyze the complex coolant flow field characteristics in the large open regions of the reactor vessel. In this paper, a coupled sub-channel/CFD multi-scale platform is developed through implementing the sub-channel code SACOS-PB to the CFD code FLUENT based on the domain decomposition and explicit numerical scheme. The flow field characteristics in the upper plenum of reactor emergency shutdown after a reactivity insertion accident (RIA) were investigated. Based on the RIA analysis, the thermal stratification effect has been observed in the upper plenum. The analysis results well demonstrated the 3D flow and local phenomenon of the fluid in the upper plenum, which is significant to reactor design and reactor safety analysis of LFRs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Control rods

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Numerical Study on Combustion and NOx Emission Characteristics of Co-Firing Semi-Coke and Coal in a Tangentially-Fired Utility Boiler 9th

Numerical Study on Combustion and NOx Emission Characteristi...

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9th International Symposium on Coal Combustion, ISCC 2019

作者： Feng, Qinqin Wang, Chang’an Wang, Pengqian Wang, Zhichao Yao, Wei Zhao, Lei Du, Yongbo Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. LTD Xi’an710054 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811616563

With the booming coal industry and the increasing production of semi-coke, a large number of small particles and powder pyrolysis semi-coke are urgent to be exploited. Co-firing semi-coke with coal is a potential approach to achieve clean and efficient utilization of such low-volatile fuel. In this paper, the co-combustion performance of semi-coke and coal in a 135 MW tangentially-fired boiler was investigated by numerical simulation. The influences of semi-coke blending ratio, blending mode and injection position on the combustion efficiency and NOx generation characteristics of the utility boiler were extensively analyzed. The simulation results indicated that the NOx emission at the furnace outlet was elevated and the burn-out ratio declined with an increase in semi-coke blending ratio. Different heights of semi-coke injected position could lead to different combustion efficiency and NOx emissions. The semi-coke was recommended to be injected from the middle layer of burners to obtain low carbon content in fly ash. The blending methods (in-furnace versus out-furnace) had certain impacts on the NOx emission and carbon content in fly ash. High burn-out ratio could be obtained when the semi-coke and coal were injected from different burners. © 2022, Tsinghua University Press.

关键词： Coal

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Developing hierarchical CdS/NiO hollow heterogeneous architectures for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen generation

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2003-2012页

作者： Chonghai Deng Fan Ye Tao Wang Xiaohui Ling Lulu Peng Hong Yu Kangzhe Ding Hanmei Hu Qiang Dong Huirong Le Yongsheng Han School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering Hefei UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China The Future Lab Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The hierarchical binary CdS/NiO hollow heterogeneous architectures(HHAs)with p–n heterojunction are constructed by a facile microwave-assisted wet chemical process for high-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)from *** as-designed CdS/NiO HHAs are composed of hexagonal n-type CdS nanoparticles with a size in the range of 20–40 nm attaching to cubic p-type NiO hollow microspheres(HMSs)which are aggregates of porous nanoplates with a thickness of about 20 *** photocatalytic water splitting over CdS/NiO HHAs is significantly increased under simulated solar irradiation,among which the most active sample of CdS/NiO-3(the mass ratio of CdS to NiO is 1:3)exhibits the fastest photocatalytic HER rate of 1.77 mmol∙g^(−1)∙h^(−1),being 16.2 times than that of pure *** boosted photocatalytic HER could be attributed to the synergistic effect on the proportional p–n heterojunction with special hierarchical hollow and porous morphology,an enhancement of visible light absorption,and an improvement of photoinduced charge separation as well as the photo-stability given by the composite *** work shows a viable strategy to design the heterojunction with special morphology for the efficient hydrogen generation by water splitting utilizing solar energy.

关键词： CdS nanoparticls NiO hollow microspheres p-n heterojunction hierarchical structure photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Front tracking simulation of droplet displacement on solid surfaces by soluble surfactant-driven flows

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Physical Review Fluids 2024年第1期9卷 014002-014002页

作者： Xinglong Shang Zhengyuan Luo Bofeng Bai Long He Guoqing Hu Hangzhou Institute of Technology Xidian University Hangzhou 311200 China Department of Engineering Mechanics and State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China

We provide comprehensive numerical insights into the displacement of droplets subject to soluble surfactant-driven flows. The effects of soluble surfactants on the dynamics of moving contact lines are introduced by the surfactant-dependent generalized Navier boundary condition. We show that surfactant transport significantly influences the displacement patterns of droplets on solid surfaces, affecting both the equilibrium state of the sliding motion and the critical conditions for detachment. In particular, a linear increase in the displacement velocity of a droplet with the dimensionless adsorption depth K is observed. This rate of increase is more pronounced at higher elasticity numbers, as evidenced by a more significant increase in the advancing contact angle. The critical condition for droplet detachment depends on the surfactant's ability to swiftly adsorb from the bulk and replenish at interfaces, which is improved as the Biot number Bi or K increases. Adsorption is enhanced by an increase in Bi, resulting in a decrease in the required time td for droplet detachment. However, this enhancement effect becomes nonmonotonic at high Bi values. In contrast, consistently increasing the bulk Peclet number decreases td, eventually approaching the convection limit where the Marangoni-induced drag force ceases to increase. In addition, surfactant transfer near the moving contact line at a moderate Damköhler number restricts the motion of the advancing contact lines, promoting droplet detachment. For all detachment scenarios, we find that detachment necessitates a critical effective capillary number, and an increase in this number results in an exponential decline in td.

关键词： Contact line dynamics Drop & bubble phenomena Marangoni convection Surface tension effects

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A new strategy to produce calcium carbide-acetylene from integrated multi-level low carbon construction driven by biomass

A new strategy to produce calcium carbide-acetylene from int...

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作者： Wang, Hongxia Li, Xiaoli Wu, Zhen Shen, Wei Chen, Kai Hong, Bingqing Zhang, Zaoxiao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an710049 China Co. Ltd Level 10-15 Block A Sunland International No.999 Zhouhai Road Pudong New Zone Shanghai200131 China

A highly efficient and clean biomass energy-based calcium carbide-acetylene production system, including low-carbon energy supply, solid waste recycling and cascade utilization of waste heat, has been developed for the conventional energy-intensive and highly polluting fossil fuel-dependent calcium carbide industry. This system supplies the carbide-acetylene production plant with energy from the gasification of biomass and converts the plant's solid waste carbide slag into the calcium feedstock required by the plant. The waste heat from the plant's high-temperature exhaust gases is recycled and used via the multi-stage heat exchange, so that the energy cascade conversion and utilization is achieved. A simulation model of the plant is created in Aspen Plus, and a mathematical model for the biomass gasification process and cycle compensation of the calcium source through the Fortran language is written and embedded. When calculating the carbon consumption and CO2e emissions of the system, it was found that the carbon consumption and CO2e emissions of the conventional process were 5.43 t Coal·t−1C2H2 and 2.25 t CO2e·t−1C2H2, respectively. However, the carbon consumption of the new process was reduced by 65.19%, and carbon emissions by 27.24% in comparison. The energy analysis shows that the energy efficiency of the system is 36.21% for the conventional process and 44.82% for the new processes. The exergy analysis of the effective energy shows that the exergy efficiency of the new process is 73.20%, which is 52.98% better than that of the conventional process. Introduction of an index, the levelized income of acetylene product (LIOA), to characterize the product income of the system. When the price of acetylene is between 2.23 $/kg and 4.19 $/kg, the LIOA for the conventional and the new processes are 1.41 $/kg to 3.38 $/kg and − 1.28 $/kg to 0.68 $/kg, respectively. It is worth noting that the critical price (PCC2H2) for products generating net revenue from the new pro

关键词： Biomass

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