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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Xinyu Zhang, Dalin Lv, Xindi Zhou, Xingguang Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng G.H. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The new generation of reactor technology: Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Advanced Reactor (FuSTAR), mainly applied to the steady supply for stable electricity and high-temperature process heat for remote, underground, and arid areas, has an urgent need for a scheme of the heat transport system and Passive Residual Heat Removal System. Given the complexity and consistency of the design, a unified design and optimization method is required, which can directly obtain detailed configurations and dimensions. In this paper, a design and optimization method - Multi-Layer Nonlinear Programming was proposed to obtain the optimal parameters, including vital thermodynamic values, the dimensions of heat exchangers, the configurations of pipelines, and the optimal equivalent parameters in the transient simulation. Finally, based on Multi-Layer Nonlinear Programming, the effectiveness of the Passive Residual Heat Removal System was demonstrated by the deterministic safety analysis. The detailed parameters of the Passive Residual Heat Removal System in this paper can provide the references for subsequent experimental verification. Moreover, for any reactor relying on a heat transport system, researchers can directly obtain its excellent preliminary configurations by this method avoiding a lot of iteration and conflict design, which is conducive to the integrated modeling and simulation of a new generation of reactors. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear programming

Sensitively Detection of Ascorbic Acid in Orange Samples with Ionic Liquid Functionalized Carbon Dots and Lanthanide Complexes

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Ying Xia, Ji-Ji Lu, Jia-Zhen Wang, Zi-Long Wang, Mi-Tang School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

In the food industry, ascorbic acid (AA) is widely used as an antioxidant. However, the concentration of AA is influenced by various factors, including temperature, time, and pH value during food preparation and storage, leading to its instability in content. This makes the accurate detection of AA content particularly important. Precise determination of AA content in food and pharmaceuticals is crucial for ensuring the adequate intake of essential vitamins and maintaining good health. Herein, we have developed a successful preparation method of an imidazole-based ionic liquid functionalized CDs hybrids APM-CDs. A novel photo functional hybrid probe Eu3+@APM-CDs was obtained via an ion-exchange reaction between APM-CDs and lanthanide complex Eu(DPA)3. The obtained hybrid probe was extensively characterized in detail. What’s more, the results show that the FL intensity of Eu3+@APM-CDs has a good linear response to AA concentrations in the range of 0-500 μM (R2 = 0.99), with a detection limit of 80 nM. The fluorescence probe demonstrates good selectivity and sensitivity toward AA and has the potential for significant application in AA detection by simplifying procedures and reducing interference from impurities. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probes

Heart, a Specific Code for Thermal-Electrical Analysis of Heat Pipe Cooled Nuclear Reactor

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Zeqin Wang, Chenglong Guo, Kailun Huang, Jinlu Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui H. Tian, Wenxi School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China

Heat pipe cooled reactor (HPR) features high power density, compact structure, long operation life and high reliability, which is an excellent candidate for small nuclear power source for deep space or underwater missions. In this paper, a conceptual Nuclear Silent Thermal-Electrical Reactor (NUSTER) is preliminarily designed, using 109 sodium heat pipes for passive cooling. The thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are employed in the reactor to convert fission heat to electric power. Based on the design, a HEat pipe cooled Advanced Reactor Transient analysis code (HEART) is developed, including point reactor kinetics model, multi-channel model, core heat transfer model, heat pipe model, thermoelectric generator model and coolant model. The models proposed in HEART are preliminarily verified against the design value and experiment data, and the maximum deviation is less than 12.3%. Steady-state performance of the NUSTER are successfully predicted by HEART, and results indicate that the solid-state core has good temperature flattening ability. The surface temperature of the heat pipe is less than 1300K, and the average temperature drop of the TEG module in central channel is 724.1K, which can produce an electrical power of 301.94W. The models developed in HEART can also be applied to other heat pipe cooled reactors, providing valuable experience in design and thermal-hydraulic evaluation of HPRs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transient analysis

Selective adsorption behavior of ion-imprinted magnetic chitosan beads for removal of Cu(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2021年第11期34卷 103-111页

作者： Licheng Ma Qi Zheng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Rare Metals and Metallurgy Materials Research Institute General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100008China

Heavy metal ion is one of the major environmental *** this study,a Cu(Ⅱ)ions imprinted magnetic chitosan beads are prepared to use chitosan as functional monomer,Cu(Ⅱ)ions as template,Fe_(3)O_(4) as magnetic core and epichlorohydrin and glutaraldehyde as crosslinker,which can be used for removal Cu(Ⅱ)ions from *** kinetic study shows that the adsorption process follows the pseudosecond-order kinetic *** adsorption isotherm study shows that the Langmuir isotherm equation best fits for the monolayer adsorption *** selective adsorption properties are performed in Cu(Ⅱ)/Zn(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)/Ni(Ⅱ),and Cu(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅱ)binary *** results shows that the ⅡMCD has a high selectivity for Cu(Ⅱ)ions in binary *** mechanism of ⅡMCD recognition Cu(Ⅱ)ions is also *** results show that the ⅡMCD adsorption Cu(Ⅱ)ions is an enthalpy controlled *** absolute value of DH(Cu(Ⅱ))and DS(Cu(Ⅱ))is greater than DH(Zn(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ))and DS(Zn(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ)),respectively,this indicates that the Cu(Ⅱ)ions have a good spatial matching with imprinted holes on Ⅱ*** FTIR and XPS also demonstrates the strongly combination of function groups on imprinted holes in the suitable space ***,the ⅡMCD can be regenerated and reused for 10 times without a significantly decreasing in adsorption *** information can be used for further application in the selective removal of Cu(Ⅱ)ions from industrial wastewater.

关键词： Ion imprinted techniques Selective recognition Ion-imprinted magnetic chitosan beads Kinetic Thermodynamics

Transferring the available fused cyclic scaffolds for high—throughput combinatorial design of highly energetic materials via database mining

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Fuel 2022年第PartA期324卷

作者： Wen, Linyuan Yu, Tao Lai, Weipeng Liu, Maochang Wang, Bozhou Shi, Jinwen Liu, Yingzhe State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an710065 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Recently, the fused cyclic compounds have been the object of an increased interest in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to the trade-off between energy and safety. Compared with the fused cyclic EMs consisting of the azoles or azines, the oxazole-based fused EMs which possibly possess higher energy–density are very lacking. Here, we proposed an efficient approach to design the highly energetic oxazole-based fused materials. The domain-related knowledge promoted an advanced database search for the aromatic oxazole-based scaffolds from the buyable subset of the ZINC20 database, ensuring scaffolds are available for purchase. Then, 171 target scaffolds were transferred into the EM field and cooperated with combinatorial design to construct a chemical space containing over 107 potential energetic molecules. The high-throughput screening was performed in four aspects, namely, density, difficulty of synthesis, detonation performance, and sensitivity, to accelerate the search for candidates. Meanwhile, the statistical analysis through the hierarchical filtrations clarified the potential of 2r-3s and 2r-4s scaffold types for creating highly energetic molecules. Finally, several candidates stood out owing to nearly 10000 m/s detonation velocity and acceptable predicted sensitivity, elucidating the effectiveness of our approach. We anticipate this investigation could not only be a vital point for subsequent fused cyclic EM research, but also offered a new avenue for material design in other fields. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Scaffolds

Depth from Defocus Technique for High Number Densities and Non-Spherical Particles

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Rixin Huang, Zuojie Gong, Wenchao Zhou, Wu Tropea, Cameron School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Power Engineering Shanghai China Institute for Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

The Depth from Defocus (DFD) imaging technique for measuring the size and number concentration of particles in a dispersed two-phase flow has up to now been restricted to relatively sparse particle densities and to identifying only spherical particles. The present study examines two advancements to the technique, widening its range of application significantly. The first advancement introduces an image processing procedure which can identify and size particle images which are overlapping. This increases the tolerable number concentration of particles which can be identified and processed within the measurement volume. The second advancement explores the possibility of determining the size and position of non-spherical particles within an observation volume. These enhancements are experimentally validated using a dedicated apparatus in which particles of known size, shape and degree of overlapping images can be systematically varied. This experimental setup provides benchmark data to quantify the accuracy and limitations of the processing algorithms. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Two phase flow

Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction with ionic liquids: review and evaluation

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials

Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2023年第3期1卷 410-430页

作者： Yangshuo Li Fangfang Li Aatto Laaksonen Chuan Wang Paul Cobden Per Boden Yanrong Liu Xiangping Zhang Xiaoyan Ji Energy Engineering Division of Energy ScienceLulea University of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University10691 StockholmSweden Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryAleea Grigore Ghica-Voda41A700487 IasiRomania State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing210009P.R.China University of Cagliari Department of Chemical and Geological SciencesCampus MonserratoSS 554 bivio per Sestu09042MonserratoItaly Metallurgy Department Swerim AB97125LuleåSweden SMA Mineral AB 68227FilipstadSweden CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The increasing CO_(2) emission,as the chief culprit causing numerous environmental problems,could be addressed by the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)R)to the added-value carbon-based *** liquids(ILs)as electrolytes and co-catalysts have been widely studied to promote CO_(2)R owing to their unique *** the potential products of CO_(2)R,those only containing one carbon atom,named C1 products,including CO,CH_(3)OH,CH_(4),and syngas,are easier to achieve than *** this study,we first summarized the research status on CO_(2)R to these C1 products,and then,the state-of-theart experimental results were used to evaluate the economic potential and environmental *** the rapid development in CO_(2)R,future scenarios with better CO_(2)R performances were reasonably assumed to predict the future business for each *** the studied C1 products,the research focuses on CO,where satisfactory results have been *** evaluation shows that producing CO via CO_(2)R is the only profitable route at ***3OH and syngas of H2/CO(1:1)as the targeted products can become profitable in the foreseen *** addition,the life cycle assessment(LCA)was used to evaluate the environmental impact,showing that CO_(2)R to CH4 is the most environmentally friendly pathway,followed by the syngas of H_(2)/CO(2:1)and CO,and the further improvement of the CO_(2)R performance can make all the studied C1 products more environmentally ***,CO is the most promising product from both economic and environmental impact aspects.

关键词： Electrochemical-CO_(2)-reduction Ionic-liquids C1-product Economic-evaluation Environmental-impact

Investigation of Thermal Radiative Transfer Characteristics of Single Water Droplet

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Dan Tu, Maoping Yuan, Yang Han, Wei State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy & Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China

Directly heat water droplet by thermal radiation was the key process of coupling solar energy to achieve green production in many industrial applications, such as desalination, carbon capture, energy storage, and so on. The radiative transfer of single water droplet for given irradiation, including reflection, absorption, transmission and their dependences on external irradiation, droplet geometry and radiative properties were investigated through a calculation model set up according to zone method. In current study, the ranges of equivalent diameter and length-width ratio of droplet were 0.1-1.0 mm, 1-10 respectively, its absorption coefficient was 10-15000 m-1 and refractive index was 1.2-2.0. Results suggested that, (1) the absorption mode of droplet could be classified into surface absorption (SA) and volumetric absorption (VA) depending on whether its optical thickness was greater than 1. In VA, droplet could get uniform and fast temperature increasing, and its absorptivity and mean temperature increase rate could be simultaneously improved by increasing absorption coefficient. (2) Scattering included reflection and transmission. Compared with incident irradiation, reflection distributed mainly on the same side of droplet's long axis, while transmission mainly on the opposite side. The overall reflectivity increased with rising refractive index, but was independent on droplet size. While its transmissivity increased with enlarging length-width ratio or reducing equivalent diameter. (3) In VA, at least 40% of incident irradiation was scattered out. The total quantity of scattering could be adjusted by changing absorption coefficient in VA or refractive index in SA. The proportion of transmission in scattering could always be increased by reducing refractive index. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drops

Experimental investigation on flash evaporation related to pipe leakage

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Experimental investigation on flash evaporation related to p...

作者： Cai, Benan Zhang, Qi Weng, Yu Gu, Hongfang Wang, Haijun State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Pipelines such as the surge line and main pipe are easily subjected to thermal stratification and thermal fatigue as a result of the nonuniform temperature distribution in the nuclear power plants. When the surge line or main pipe subjected to thermal stratification and thermal fatigue keeps operating for long time, the pipe leakage may happen due to the existence of pipeline crack. When the fluids with high temperature and pressure leak in the crack, the water will evaporate quickly, which means this process belongs to spray flash evaporation process. The flash evaporation related to pipe leak was experimentally studied in the paper. The experiment was carried out under high temperature and high pressure with low spray rate. The temperature and relative humidity (T&H) variations over time were monitored in the experiment with installing T&H detectors. The T&H variations at different measurement positions and with different spray rates were analyzed, respectively. In addition, the effect of the dimensionless parameters including the Weber number and Jakob number was also investigated. Results indicated that the response speed increased with the increase of the spray flow rate. Higher Weber number and higher Jakob number led to higher evaporation rate. The slight pipe leakage can be predicted by using the (T&H) in the hazardous areas. Copyright © 2020 by ASME

关键词： Nuclear fuels

Evaluation of droplet drag force model on spray and atomization behaviours of R134a flashing spray 14

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Evaluation of droplet drag force model on spray and atomizat...

14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ICLASS 2018

作者： Zhou, Zhi-Fu Lu, Guan-Yu Zhang, Lu Chen, Bin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Flashing spray is of great importance in a variety of engineering fields, which occurs as the pressurized liquid is released into a low-pressure environment below its saturation pressure. This paper conducts a systematically numerical study on the spray and thermal characteristics of R134a flashing spray with high volatility and low saturation temperature, using a modified sprayFoam solver in the open source tool OpenFOAM-2.4.0. key physics involved in the complex process, including droplet flash boiling, evaporation, droplet transport, breakup, heat transfer and interaction between droplet and gas phases are taken into consideration. The emphasis is put on the droplet drag force model and nozzle diameter on flashing spray including spray morphology, droplet diameter, velocity and temperature. The result indicates that most of the drag force models have little effect on droplet diameter, velocity and temperature distributions in flashing spray, except the Khan-Richardson (K-R) model. The K-R model predicts lower temperature, higher velocity and larger size of droplet, compared to other models. The nozzle diameter greatly affects R134a spray morphology and tip penetration, that smaller diameter contributes to a larger radial expansion at the near nozzle region while leading to a much smaller penetration distance. This research give a useful guidance that how people choose the appropriate drag force model for simulation of flashing spray. © 2018 Solar Turbines Incorporated.

关键词： Morphology