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Editorial of special issue (SI) "Multi-scale physics on fluid flow and heat transfer (Multi-scale PFFHT)"

International Journal of Heat and Fluid flow 2025年

作者： Cheng, Lixin Bai, Bofeng Zhang, Haibin Wissink, Jan Gerard School of Engineering and Built Environment Sheffield Hallam University City Campus Howard Street SheffieldS11WB United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Brunel University of London Kingston Lane UxbridgeUB8 3PH United Kingdom

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Constructing electron transport channel of SnO2/BaSO4 on g-C3N4 for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 production

Materials Today Catalysis

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Materials Today Catalysis 2025年 9卷

作者： Dong, Gongyue Guo, Xiaojuan Cheng, Cheng Chen, Feng Zhang, Jinfeng Du, Yanping Meng, Wei Liu, Maochang Shi, Jinwen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-energy Complementary Distributed Energy Systems Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan523808 China School of Engineering Lancaster University LancasterLA1 4YW United Kingdom Gansu Company PipeChina Lanzhou730060 China Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua Department of Material & Chemical Engineering Hunan City University Yiyang413000 China

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is confronted with the issue of poor utilization of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby leading to limited performance of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production, which restricts its potential application. Herein, the electron transport material SnO2/BaSO4 was synthesized to integrate with g-C3N4 for addressing the above problem. Various characterizations were conducted to investigate the g-C3N4-SnO2/BaSO4 photocatalyst, and it demonstrated that photogenerated electrons from g-C3N4 expeditiously migrate to SnO2/BaSO4 nanoparticles, which markedly hindered photogenerated carriers’ recombination. Subsequently, the g-C3N4-SnO2/BaSO4 photocatalyst demonstrated promoted photocatalytic H2 production at a rate of 14.2 μmol h−1 under visible-light illumination, which was 2.5 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Barium sulfate

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Quantitative Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Laser Thermotherapy for Port-Wine Stains Through Reflectance Spectra Measurements and an Inverse Radiation Algorithm

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Zhongguo Jiguang/Chinese Journal of Lasers 2025年第9期52卷

作者： Li, Dong Li, Xiaoyang Zhang, Pengfei Chen, Bin Ying, Zhaoxia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control Shaanxi Xi’an710003 China

Objective Port-wine stains (PWS) are congenital vascular malformations caused by the abnormal dilation of capillaries and venules in the skin. Affecting 0.3%‒0.5% of newborns, PWS typically manifest as pinkish patches on the face and neck that darken and thicken over time, significantly impacting patients’physical and mental well-being. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, based on selective photothermolysis, is the gold standard for PWS treatment. By targeting hemoglobin in abnormal blood vessels with specific wavelengths, PDL induces thermal damage to the vasculature while sparing surrounding tissues. However, due to variability in skin types, lesion depths, and laser parameters, clinical outcomes often depend on subjective evaluations and physician experience. These limitations underscore the urgent need for objective, quantitative, and noninvasive methods to assess skin structure and monitor treatment efficacy. This study integrates reflectance spectroscopy with an inverse Monte Carlo radiation method to quantify changes in key skin parameters before and after laser treatment. By measuring and reconstructing parameters such as epidermal thickness, melanin volume fraction, blood volume fraction, and blood oxygen saturation, this study establishes a robust framework for evaluating treatment outcomes and optimizing laser parameters. Additionally, it investigates differences in treatment responses between pediatric and adult patients, providing critical insights for personalized therapeutic strategies. Methods Eleven patients with PWS underwent pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy at a wavelength of 595 nm, with an energy density of 8 J/cm2 and a fixed spot diameter of 7 mm. Reflectance spectra of the skin were measured before and after treatment using an HR400 CG-UV-NIR spectrometer (Fig. 1). To enhance efficacy, a double-irradiation strategy was employed, in which the second laser exposure followed the first after five minutes. For spectral analysis, an inverse Monte Carlo r

关键词： Hemoglobin oxygen saturation

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Assisting effect of Al_(2)O_(3) on MnO_(x) for NO catalytic oxidation

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Green Energy & Environment 2021年第6期6卷 903-909页

作者： Denghui Wang Hui Li Qi Yao Shien Hui Yanqing Niu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China

Various Mn-based catalysts for NO oxidation were prepared using MnO_(x)as active compound,while Ti O_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)were adopted as catalyst *** performance of the catalysts was tested to study the effect of support on Mn-based catalyst *** of the catalysts followed as Mn_(0.4)/Al>Mn_(0.2)/Al>Mn_(0.4)/Ti>Mn_(0.2)/Ti>MnO_(x)>Al_(2)O_(3)on the whole,indicating the synergism of MnO_(x)and Al_(2)O_(3)for NO catalytic *** were analyzed according to characterization *** oxygen on catalyst rather than lattice oxygen was detected as the active oxidizer for NO *** catalyst support,Al_(2)O_(3)provided more sites to carry surface adsorbed oxygen than TiO_(2),resulting in the presence of more active oxygen on Mn O_(x)/Al_(2)O_(3)than on MnO_(x)/TiO_(2).Moreover,MnO_(x)/Al_(2)O_(3)possessed high surface area and pore volume,which greatly benefited the adsorption of NO on catalyst and further favored the oxidation of NO by active *** these advantages helped Mn_(0.4)/Al exhibited the best catalytic efficiency.

关键词： NO catalytic oxidation MnO_(x)/Al_(2)O_(3) NO_(2) Active oxygen

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Simulation study on mineral transformation behaviors and ash fusion characteristics during high-alkali coal combustion under deep peaking conditions

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Fuel 2025年 399卷

作者： Liu, Jiamiao Ma, Guowei Du, Yongbo Wang, Chang'an Zhao, Yonggang Wu, Wanzhu Shi, Longping Zhao, Lin Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China National Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Nanjing210046 China Company Xi'an710076 China Huayuan Power Plant National Energy Group Hami Coal Power Co. Ltd. Hami839000 China

The safe and efficient combustion of high-alkali coal under deep peaking conditions remains a critical research focus. Boiler operating parameters under such conditions frequently fluctuate, markedly though incompletely understood in their influence on fouling and slagging, necessitating further investigation. Here, mineral transformation and ash fusion characteristics during high-alkali coal combustion in the main combustion zone were simulated through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, addressing its fouling issues under deep peaking conditions. Variable loads were decomposed into distinct factors for analysis due to challenges of direct simulation. Additionally, the plasma ashing method was employed to prepare ash samples. High-alkali coals with distinct properties exhibit significant variations in mineral distribution, elemental evolution, ash fusion temperature, and viscosity. Abundant fayalite (Fe2SiO4) was observed in Hongshaquan (HSQ) coal, forming stable mineral phases with other components. In Shaerhu (SEH) coal, sodium primarily exists in the gaseous phase at high temperatures, significantly contributing to fouling. Meanwhile, Jiangjunmiao (JJM) and Wucaiwan (WCW) coals demonstrate limited mineral phases but higher ash fusion temperatures, with over 30 % of iron in the gaseous phase. The mineral transformation and ash fusion behaviors in various local combustion atmospheres follow consistent trends. The formations of gaseous sodium hydroxide (NaOH(g)) and sodium oxide in the slag phase (Na2O(slag)) are promoted with weakening reducing atmospheres, while total gaseous sodium content decreases. The slag phases of calcium, magnesium, and iron increase, accompanied by a decline in ash viscosity. However, unburned carbon inversely influences mineral transformation and ash fusion characteristics compared to excess air coefficients. This research provides theoretical support for overcoming the key technical challenges associated with high-alkali coal combus

关键词： Iron analysis

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Predicting Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Light Gases in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Molecular Dynamics Method

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The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 2025年

作者： Tongjia Zhang Bowei Zhang Jie Zhang Xiaoran Rong Hui Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 PR China

The methanation of CO 2 and supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) fracturing represent effective approaches for CO 2 utilization and greenhouse effect mitigation. In these process, light gases like H 2 , O 2 , CO, CH 4 are commonly involved. However, limited studies have focused on the diffusion behavior of these gases in scCO 2 under high-pressure conditions, as well as a shortage of self-diffusion coefficient data and prediction equations specifically designed for scCO 2 solvents. To address this gap, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to compute the self-diffusion coefficients of several light gases in scCO 2 across a wide temperature range (313 K–713 K) and at high pressures (75.994 bar, 101.325 bar and 126.656 bar) under infinitely dilute conditions. The effects of temperature, density, viscosity, molecular mass, and solute–solvent interaction energy on the self-diffusion behavior were systematically analyzed. Two empirical equations (a Speedy–Angell-type power-law equation and a newly developed equation incorporating temperature, density, and viscosity) were refitted based on simulation data. The overall relative errors are 4.52% and 4.44%, respectively, indicating an improved accuracy compared to conventional experimental and MD-based empirical equations.

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Characterizations of gas-liquid interface distribution and slug evolution in a vertical pipe

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3157-3171页

作者： Hai-Yang Yu Qiang Xu Ye-Qi Cao Bo Huang Han-Xuan Wang Lie-Jin Guo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049ShaanxiChina

Large vertical pipes are key structures connecting subsea wells to offshore ***,existing studies mainly focus on small vertical *** a vertical acrylic pipe with 80 mm inner diameter and 11 m height,a high-speed camera was used to visually research the influences of pipe diameters,liquid properties and inlet effect on air-water co-flow *** flow regime maps of vertical pipes(diameters are in the range of 50e189 mm)were compared and the critical gas velocity of the transition boundary from bubble to slug flow tended to increase with the increase of diameters at D≥80 ***-flux models were established in different flow regimes and liquid properties have a significant effect on drift coefficients of bubble flow and slug flow(void fraction a≤0.4).The influence of inlet turbulent effect on the gas-liquid interface distribution gradually weakened and disappeared from the pipe base to 85D,where the flow was fully *** frequency has a trend of increase first and then decrease with the gas Weber numbers increasing at low liquid superficial velocities(J_(L)≤0.31 m/s).And on the basis of this law,a new slug frequency correlation was *** was found that there was an exponential relationship between the ratio of lengths of Taylor bubble to slug and the void fraction.

关键词： Void fraction flow regime Drift coefficien Slug frequency Taylor bubble length

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Numerical simulation of bubble behavior in a quasi-2D fluidized bed using a bubble-based EMMS model

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Particuology 2019年第5期17卷 40-54页

作者： Hao Wang Youjun Lu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China

Bubbles formed during chemical processes in fluidized beds govern the bed hydrodynamics and opera-tional efficiency, thereby having a significant impact on their design and scale-up. In this study, a two-fluid model was used to simulate the bubble behavior in a quasi-two-dimensional fluidized bed within the bubble-based energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) approach. We performed experiments to verify the model and proposed a correlation of the heterogeneous index for various parameters to calculate the coefficient of drag for the bubble-based EMMS model. Moreover, the simulation results obtained from the homogeneous drag models and EMMS bubbling model were compared with experimental data and empirical correlations. The simulation results of the EMMS approach showed good agreement with the experimental data in the distribution of the vertical bubble velocity with chord length. Compared with the results from the homogeneous models, the distributions of vertical velocity and diameter of the bubbles predicted by the EMMS-bubbling model were in better agreement with empirical correlations. Moreover, the frequency distributions of bubble properties including bubble diameter, aspect ratio, and shape factor for different gas-inlet velocities were obtained.

关键词： Energy minimization multi-scale approach Heterogeneous index Fluidized bed Bubble

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Cyclone separation in a supercritical water circulating fluidized bed reactor for coallbiomass gasification： Structural design and numerical analysis

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Particuology 2018年第4期16卷 55-67页

作者： Guoxing Li Youjun Lu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

A new concept of a supercritical water （SCW） circulating fiuidized bed reactor is proposed to produce hydrogen from coal/biomass gasification. The cyclone is a key component of the reactor system, in this paper, cyclones with a single circular inlet （SCI） or a double circular inlet （DCI） were designed to adapt to the supercritical conditions. We evaluated the separation performance of the two cyclones using numerical simulations. A three-dimensional Reynolds stress model was used to simulate the turbulent flow of the fluid, and a stochastic Lagrangian model was used to simulate the particle motion. The flow fields of both cyclones were three-dimensionally unsteady and similar to those of traditional gas-solid cyclones. Secondary circulation phenomena were discovered and their influence on particle separation was estimated. Analyzing the distribution of the turbulence kinetic energy revealed that the most intensive turbulence existed in the zone near the vortex finder while the flow in the central part was relatively stable. The particle concentration distribution was non-uniform because of centrifugal forces. The distribution area can be divided into three parts according to the motion of the particles. In addition, the separation efficiency of both cyclones increased with the inlet SCaN velocity. Because of its perturbance flow, the DCI separator had higher separation efficiency than the SCI separator under comparable simulations. However, this was at the expense of a higher pressure drop across the cyclone.

关键词： CycloneStructural design Supercritical water-solid flow Separation performance Circulating fluidized bed Computational fluid dynamics

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Advanced encapsulation strategies for high-temperature molten salt: Synthesis methods and performance enhancement

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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2025年 218卷

作者： Xiao, Tong Xu, Jinliang Xie, Jian Dong, Xinyu Liu, Chao Wang, Yan Yu, Xiongjiang Zhang, Liang Department of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province Hangzhou310027 China Beijing Huairou Laboratory Huairou District Beijing101400 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology North China Electric Power University Baoding071003 China

In the pursuit of a global paradigm shift in energy structure and carbon neutrality objectives, high-temperature thermal energy storage technologies have garnered significant attention due to their high efficiency and cost advantages. Latent heat storage utilizing molten salts demonstrates notable advantages including high energy density and isothermal phase change characteristics, playing crucial roles in industrial waste heat recovery, renewable energy utilization, and energy supply-demand balance regulation. Nevertheless, practical implementation is hindered by critical limitations, primarily molten salt leakage and equipment corrosion. Encapsulation technology has emerged as an effective mitigation strategy, enhancing system safety and longevity. This review systematically examines the latest advancements in molten salt encapsulation technology, focusing on three primary methods: melt infiltration, capsule method, and mixed sintering. Moreover, this review summarizes the impact of encapsulation strategies on molten salt phase change materials (PCMs) performance, including thermophysical properties, mechanical characteristics, cycling stability, and economic viability. Additionally, emerging research directions such as biomimetic design, multifunctional composite materials, and industrial waste utilization are extensively explored, highlighting their applications and potential advantages in molten salt encapsulation. Finally, the technical characteristics and advantages of encapsulated molten salts were analyzed across various configurations, including heat exchangers, finned systems, and cascaded phase change material (PCM) systems. The work aspires to inspire more innovative research, thereby driving technological breakthroughs in high-temperature energy storage applications of molten salt composite PCMs. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Waste heat utilization

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