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CFD simulation of thermal hydraulic characteristics in a typical upper plenum of RPV

Frontiers in Energy 2021年第4期15卷 930-945页

作者： Mingjun WANG Lianfa WANG Yingjie WANG Wenxi TIAN Jian DENG Guanghui SU Suizheng QI State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610213China

A comparative computational fluid dynamics(CFD)study was conducted on the three different types of pressurized water reactor(PWR)upper plenum,named TYPE 1(support columns(SCs)and control rod guide tubes(CRGTs)with two large windows),TYPE 2(SCs and CRGTs without windows),and TYPE 3(two parallel perforated barrel shells and CRGTs).First,three types of upper plenum geometry information were collected,simplified,and adopted into the BORA facility,which is a 1/5 scale system of the four-loop PWR ***,the geometry,including the upper half core,upper plenum region,and hot legs,was built using the Salome *** that,an unsteady calculation to simulate the reactor balance operation at hot full power scenario was ***,the differences of flowrate distribution at the core outlet and temperature distribution and transverse velocity inside the hot legs with different upper plenum internals were *** results suggest that TYPE 1 upper plenum internals cause the largest flowrate difference at the core outlet while TYPE 3 leads to the most even distributed *** distribution and evolution pattern of the tangential velocity inside hot legs is highly dependent on the upper plenum *** counter-rotating swirls exist inside the TYPE 1 hot leg and only one swirl revolving around the hog leg axis exist inside the TYPE 2 hot *** TYPE 3,two swirls like that of TYPE 1 rotating around the hot leg axis significantly increase the temperature homogenization *** research provides meaningful guidelines for the future optimization and design of advanced PWR upper plenum internal structures.

关键词： pressurized water reactor(PWR) upper plenum internal structures temperature distribution computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

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Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Technologies for Grid Applications: Case Study in China 35

Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Te...

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35th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2022

作者： Han, Xiaoqu Li, Yanxin Chang, Hongzhang Chen, Nana Huang, Xiaofan Tang, Xiaoping Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9788774756989

With ever increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into the power grid, the development and commercialization of large-scale energy storage system (ESS) have been accelerated. It is of great significance to evaluate the sustainability of ESSs for grid applications. In the present work, a comprehensive life cycle inventory analysis model, which involves the manufacturing, usage, transportation and recycling processes, was developed for lithium iron phosphate battery (LIPB), nickel manganese cobalt oxide battery (NMCB) and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The functional unit was 1MWh of delivered energy from ESS to the grid. The ReCiPe 2016 (H) method was selected and data analysis was carried out in SimaPro software. The global warming potential (GWP) of LIPB, NMCB and VRFB in the grid peak-shaving scenario were obtained as 129 kgCO2-eq/MWh, 146 kgCO2-eq/MWh and 365 kgCO2-eq/MWh, respectively. GWP of different batteries in renewable energy sources (photovoltaic and wind power) was also predicted based on the developed model. The key materials that contributed significantly to GWP were also identified. Moreover, the future trend in GWP was analyzed based on the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. It is indicated that GWP of LIPB, NMCB and VRFB in the announced pledges scenario could be reduced to approximately 75% in 2030, and 24%~41% in 2050, respectively. Parametric analysis was then carried out, indicating that the round-trip efficiency and number of daily cycles exhibited the significant influence. The results would promote the environment, policy and business model optimization for large-scale energy storage in the low-carbon power systems. © Proceedings of ECOS 2022 - 35th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems.

关键词： Life cycle

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The manipulation of rectifying contact of Co and nitrogen-doped carbon hierarchical superstructures toward high-performance oxygen reduction reaction

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Carbon Energy 2024年第9期6卷 338-349页

作者： Jing Li Tingyu Lu Yu Fang Guangyao Zhou Mingyi Zhang Huan Pang Jun Yang Yawen Tang Lin Xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina College of Science Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and Electronic EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Center of MesoscienceInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Rational design and construction of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with high activity,good stability,and low price are essential for the practical applications of renewable energy conversion devices,such as metal-air *** modification through constructing metal/semiconductor Schottky heterointerface represents a powerful strategy to enhance the electrochemical ***,we demonstrate a concept of Schottky electrocatalyst composed of uniform Co nanoparticles in situ anchored on the carbon nanotubes aligned on the carbon nanosheets(denoted as Co@N-CNTs/NSs hereafter)toward *** experimental findings and theoretical simulation testify that the rectifying contact could impel the voluntary electron flow from Co to N-CNTs/NSs and create an internal electric field,thereby boosting the electron transfer rate and improving the intrinsic *** a consequence,the Co@N-CNTs/NSs deliver outstanding ORR activity,impressive long-term durability,excellent methanol tolerance,and good performance as the air-cathode in the Zn-air *** design concept of Schottky contact may provide the innovational inspirations for the synthesis of advanced catalysts in sustainable energy conversion fields.

关键词： Co-based electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction rectifying contact Zn-air batteries

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Liutex identification on hairpin vortex structures in a channel based on msfle and moving-PIV

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2021年第6期33卷 1119-1128页

作者： Xin-ran Tang Xiang-rui Dong Xiao-shu Cai Wu Zhou School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Shanghai Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

The spatiotemporal evolution of hairpin vortex structures in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer is investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by using two image *** this paper,the moving single-frame and long-exposure(MSFLE)image method is used to intuitively track the evolution process of a hairpin vortex,while the moving particle image velocimetry(moving-PIV)method is applied for obtaining a moving velocity field for quantitative *** to the structural characteristics of the hairpin vortex,an inclined light sheet with an appropriate inclination of 53°is arranged to capture the complete hairpin vortex structure at Re_(θ)=97–*** addition,the core size and the rotational strength of a hairpin vortex are further defined and quantified by the Liutex vector *** evolution process of a complete hairpin vortex structure observed by MSFLE shows that the shear along the normal direction leads to an increasing strength of the hairpin vortex,accompanied by a lifting vortex head and a distance decrease between two vortex legs during the dissipation *** combining moving-PIV with the Liutex identification,the spatiotemporal evolution of four typical regions of a hairpin vortex projecting into a 53°cross-section is *** results show that the process from the generation to the dissipation of a single hairpin vortex can be well characterized and recorded by the Liutex based on the core size and rotational intensity,and the evolution process is consistent with the MSFLE *** to the statistics of vortex core size and rotation intensity along time,the evolution of the hairpin vortex necks and legs can be described as a process of enhancement followed by *** the vortex head,its evolution maintains longer attributed to its far-from-wall position,which consists of an absolute enhancement process(stage 1)with an increasing rotation strength and a constant core size,and an absolute dissipation(stage 2)with a dec

关键词： Turbulent boundary layer hairpin vortex moving single-frame and long-exposure moving particle image velocimetry(PIV) Liutex vortex identification method

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Spherical Particle Assumption Underestimates Fluid-Solid Reaction Rate

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhao, Shuaiqi Zhang, Rui Huang, Han Zhao, Kunpeng Bai, Bofeng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Fluid-solid reaction of porous particles is pivotal to many modern chemical industries from heterogeneous catalysis to solid gasification. Most studies usually assume the particles are spherical, and the morphology of the shrinking reaction fronts inside particles are invariant. However, the developed models cannot explain the recent experimental observations of the non-spherical particles reaction, and lead to significant estimation errors of reaction rate. Here, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) reaction-diffusion model inside the irregular-shaped particles, and investigate the universal fluid-solid reaction kinetics. Intrapore homogenous reactions, multi-species diffusion, the sphericity (φ) and 3D roundness (R3d) evolution of the reaction front morphology are fully accounted for. The numerical method has been experimentally validated. When compared with spherical particles, we found that particles have higher heat and species transfer efficiency with fluids through the irregular-shaped particle surfaces, and higher reaction rate through the irregular-shaped reaction fronts. Thus, the invariant reaction front morphology assumption overestimates the fluid-solid reaction rate by up to 52%, while the spherical particle assumption underestimates the reaction rate by up to 42%. A corrected correlation is thereby proposed to better estimate the average reaction rate and complete reaction time of the irregular-shaped particles. The underestimation of reaction rate by the spherical particle assumption is inversely proportional to φ1.7 of the initial particle morphology, and directly proportional to [[EQUATION]]. The present work provides an accurate theoretical method for the fluid-solid reaction kinetics, and a detailed description of the reaction front inside particles. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reaction rates

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Modeling of Transition from Stratified flow to Condensation-Induced Water Hammer in Horizontal Steam-Water Pipes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Wenbing Wang, Zichen Zhao, Quanbin Chong, Daotong Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability theory is extensively used to predict the transition from stratified flow to slug flow. This study developed a one-dimensional (1-D) model based on K-H theory and considering the variation of axial wave amplitude to predict the transition from stratified flow to condensation-induced water hammer (CIWH). The prediction results of the present model were compared with the experimental data and the results of Taitel’s model. The comparison shows that the present model could reasonably predict critical instability, which is the boundary between stratified flow and CIWH. Critical instability is divided into three types according to the wave amplitude of critical instability. Critical instability occurs at the upper limit, middle, and starting point of the exponential growth of wave amplitude under low, medium, and high liquid levels. The effects of major parameters, including liquid level, water temperature, pipe diameter, and pipe length, on the critical inlet steam velocity and position of critical instability were analyzed. When the liquid level increases, the critical inlet steam velocity decreases, then increases, and then decreases, and the position of critical instability moves downstream, then upstream, and finally turns to the steam inlet. The effect of water temperature, pipe diameter, and pipe length on the critical instability depends on the liquid level and is complex. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Condensation

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Thermal-hydraulic performance evaluation of annular fuel based on modified FROBA-ANNULAR

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International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and Technology 2021年 3卷 108-118页

作者： Li, Chenxi Liao, Haoyu Wu, Yingwei Tian, Wenxi Su, G.H. Qiu, Suizheng School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

In this study, based on the modification of the pellet cladding mechanical interaction, gap closure process, and the cladding water corrosion model, Fuel Rod Behavior Analysis-ANNULAR (FROBA-ANNULAR) was uprated. The modified code was verified with FRAPCON-ANNULAR and ABAQUS. The verification calculation was under low power density when both two gaps were open. The calculation results showed good agreement. The modified code was then utilized to evaluate the annular fuel behavior, compared with the original code FROBA-ANNULAR. In this study, the annular fuel exhibits a much lower peak fuel temperature(about 900K). The different results for heat flux fraction(0.55 for the original code, 0.66 for the modified code) indicated that the gap closure process strongly affected the movement of the adiabatic pellet line. The internal pressure results (7.5 MPa for the original code, 6 MPa for the modified code) were also affected by the different assumptions. The results also showed that Zr's oxidation thickness and hydrogen concentration were related to both time and temperature. The higher the temperature was, the larger the oxidation rate was when the transition thickness was reached. © 2021

关键词： Heat flux

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An overview of application-oriented multifunctional large-scale stationary battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage system

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Energy Reviews 2024年第2期3卷 63-87页

作者： Yuchen Yang Zhen Wu Jing Yao Tianlei Guo Fusheng Yang Zaoxiao Zhang Jianwei Ren Liangliang Jiang Bo Li School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049PR China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049PR China Department of Mechanical Engineering Science University of JohannesburgJohannesburg2092South Africa Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada School of Engineering University of KentKentCT27NZUK

The imperative to address traditional energy crises and environmental concerns has accelerated the need for energy structure ***,the variable nature of renewable energy poses challenges in meeting complex practical energy *** address this issue,the construction of a multifunctional large-scale stationary energy storage system is considered an effective *** paper critically examines the battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage *** technologies face limitations hindering them from fully meeting future energy storage needs,such as large storage capacity in limited space,frequent storage with rapid response,and continuous storage without ***,with their rapid response(<1 s)and high efficiency(>90%),excel in frequent short-duration energy ***,limitations such as a self-discharge rate(>1%)and capacity loss(~20%)restrict their use for long-duration energy ***,as a potential energy carrier,is suitable for large-scale,long-duration energy storage due to its high energy density,steady state,and low ***,it is less efficient for frequent energy storage due to its low storage efficiency(~50%).Ongoing research suggests that a battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage system could combine the strengths of both technologies to meet the growing demand for large-scale,long-duration energy *** assess their applied potentials,this paper provides a detailed analysis of the research status of both energy storage technologies using proposed key performance ***,application-oriented future directions and challenges of the battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage system are outlined from multiple perspectives,offering guidance for the development of advanced energy storage systems.

关键词： Hybrid energy storage system Battery Hydrogen Stationary Large-scale Multifunctional

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Numerical Investigation of Nonlinear Effects in a Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Engine Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yao, Chen Liu, Jiping Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Understanding the nonlinear effects in thermoacoustic heat engines operating under high-pressure amplitude conditions plays a crucial role in improving their operational performance and efficiency. The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method has several advantages, including high accuracy, adaptability, efficiency, and the ability to handle the coupling of multiple physical fields, making it suitable for accurately simulating the flow and heat transfer characteristics in thermoacoustic engines. The simulation code was developed based on MFEM, an open-source C++ library for modular finite element methods. The fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations and Fourier heat conduction equation were solved to investigate the nonlinear effects, which cannot be captured by the linear theory. To verify the accuracy of the simulation code, the numerical investigation of the thermoacoustic wave propagations induced by thermal effects in a square enclosure was first conducted. The simulation results presented the details of the generation and propagation of thermoacoustic waves, which were largely consistent with the results obtained using the flux-corrected transport (FCT) algorithm. Second, a quarter-wavelength standing wave thermoacoustic engine was simulated. The simulation results captured the process of pressure wave generation in the thermoacoustic engine, which was consistent with the pressure wave generation process in the enclosure. The results revealed the flow and heat transfer characteristics and nonlinear effects in the thermoacoustic engine under high-pressure amplitudes, which were consistent with the results obtained using finite volume method. The simulation results showed that the DG method is an effective numerical method for simulating thermoacoustic engines. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Navier Stokes equations

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Development of a three-dimensional method for thermal-hydraulics/neutronics coupling analysis and its application on CFETR helium-cooled solid breeder blanket

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International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and Technology 2021年 3卷 154-165页

作者： Lian, Qiang Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Blankets are of practical importance in the fusion reactor due to their main functions for engineering application. As the fusion power designed for the Chinese Fusion engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is increased from 200 MW to 1.5 GW during its phase II operation, more challenges are issued for blankets from the points of view of thermal-hydraulics, neutronics, mechanics, and safety. In this paper, the Coupling Analysis of Thermal-hydraulics and Neutronics Interface Code (CATNIC) was developed using the user-defined function (UDF) in the CFD software FLUENT. The explicit coupling scheme based on cell-to-cell mapping approach was adopted to transfer data between neutronics calculation and thermal-hydraulics simulation. Three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic model and neutronics model were established using Fluent and MCNP4C, respectively. The helium-cooled solid breeder (HCSB) blanket of CFETR was simplified as a slice model to reduce the computing resources. With the slice model of CFETR HCSB blanket, the coupling analysis was carried out using the developed CATNIC. The calculation results from coupling and non-coupling analyses were compared to verify the feasibility of the coupling method in this study. As the helium coolant was considered as the transparent medium for neutron, the thermal-hydraulic and neutronics analyses were both converged after two iterations. However, using the developed coupling method in this study, the detailed change of tritium production ratio (TPR) and nuclear heat deposition in different parts of the blanket was revealed, which could provide important guidance for the design of the distribution for both coolant and purge gas. © 2021 Xi'an Jiaotong University

关键词： Coolants

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