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CO_2 absorption with ionic liquids at elevated temperatures

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第5期26卷 1001-1006页

作者： Lu Bai Dawei Shang Mengdie Li Zhongde Dai Liyuan Deng Xiangping Zhang Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

COcapture with ionic liquids（ILs） has attracted many attentions, and most works focused on absorption ability at ambient temperatures, while seldom research was concerned at elevated *** not only limits the COabsorption application at elevated temperature, but also the determination of the operation condition of the COdesorption generally occurring at higher temperature. This work mainly reported COsolubilities in ILs at elevated temperatures and related properties were also provided. 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl）imide（[CnMIm][TfN]） ILs were selected as physical absorbents for COcapture in this work due to their relative higher COabsorption capacities and good thermal stabilities. The long-term stability tests showed that [CnMIm][TfN] is thermally stable at 393.15 K for long time. COsolubilities in [CnMIm][TfN] were systematically determined at temperatures from 353.15 K to 393.15 K. It demonstrated that COsolubility obviously increases with the increase of pressure while slightly decreases with increase of temperature. As the length of alkyl chain on the cation increases, COsolubility in ILs increases. Additionally, the thermodynamic properties including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of COwere also calculated.

关键词： Ionic liquids CO2 capture Elevated temperature Pre-combustion

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Gas and Liquid flow Rate Measurement in Wet Gas Based on Differential Pressure Signals

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Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Mechanical engineering 2017年第24期53卷 55-62页

作者： Bai, Bofeng Zheng, Xuebo Qiu, Lu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Scientific Information Division Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay834000 China

The basic characteristics of differential pressure signals and the limitation of flow rate metering methods based on differential pressure are studied analytically and experimentally. Through the investigation into differential pressure signals of orifice plate and V-cone, it is found that the two-phase differential pressure is mainly caused by gas phase and is slightly affected by the liquid phase. In the case of low liquid hold up, the frictional pressure drop can be decreased due to the presence of the thin liquid film on the wall, resulting in that the two-phase differential pressure, pressure loss and pressure loss ratio decrease at first and then increase as the liquid hold up increases. The fluctuation of the differential pressure is stochastic, causing the fluctuation characteristic parameters, such as the standard deviation, having the properties of poor stability and repeatability. This makes it difficult to be applied to industrial wet gas metering. The error propagation analysis demonstrates that the prediction error of liquid phase flow rate is much larger than that of the gas phase, which is a universal phenomenon of metering methods based on over-reading correlations. Finally, we recommend that for wet gas with high gas void fraction, the liquid flow rate should be measured independently. The non-monotonicity of the pressure loss ratio needs to be concerned if it is chosen as the characteristic parameter. Parameters with poor repeatability, such as standard deviation, are not recommended for wet gas metering. © 2017 Journal of Mechanical engineering.

关键词： flow rate

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Black TiO_(2) for solar hydrogen conversion

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Journal of Materiomics 2017年第2期3卷 96-111页

作者： Bin Wang Shaohua Shen Samuel S.Mao School of Science MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed MatterState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi710049China Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy SuzhouJiangsu215123China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720United States Samuel Mao Institute of New Energy Science Hall1003 Shangbu RoadShenzhen518031China

Titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))has been widely investigated for photocatalytic H_(2) evolution and photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting since ***,its wide bandgap(3.0-3.2 eV)limits the optical absorption of TiO_(2) for sufficient utilization of solar *** TiO_(2) has been proposed as an effective strategy to enhance its solar absorption and thus the photocatalytic and PEC activities,and aroused widespread research *** this article,we reviewed the recent progress of black TiO_(2) for photocatalytic H_(2) evolution and PEC water splitting,along with detailed introduction to its unique structural features,optical property,charge carrier transfer property and related theoretical *** summarized in this review article,black TiO_(2) could be a promising candidate for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation via water splitting,and continuous efforts are deserved for improving its solar hydrogen efficiency.

关键词： Black TiO_(2) Photoelectrochemical water splitting Photocatalytic Hydrogen evolution

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An overview of photocatalytic materials

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Journal of Materiomics 2017年第1期3卷 1-2页

作者： Shaohua Shen Coleman Kronawitter George Kiriakidis International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi 710049China Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology HellasP.O.Box 152771110 HeraklionGreece

Photocatalysis is an emerging technology that enables a wide variety of applications,including degradation of organics and dyes,antibacterial action,and fuel generation through water splitting and carbon dioxide *** inorganic semiconducting materials have been explored as photocatalysts,and the versatility of these materials and reactions has been expanded in recent *** the relationship between the physicochemical properties of photocatalytic materials and their performances as well as the fundamentals in catalytic processes is important to design and synthesis of photocatalytic materials.

关键词： materials. reduction. photocatalytic

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Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Flexible and High‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Integrated Three‐In‐One Fibrous Membranes (Adv. Energy Mater. 38/2019)

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Advanced Energy Materials 2019年第38期9卷

作者： Jianan Wang Guorui Yang Jie Chen Yunpeng Liu Yuankun Wang Cheng‐Yen Lao Kai Xi Duowen Yang Christopher J. Harris Wei Yan Shujiang Ding Ramachandran Vasant Kumar Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK

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Preparation and Characterization of Urea-formaldehyde Resin/reactive Montmorillonite Composites

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2017年第4期32卷 783-790页

作者：陈世伟卢旭晨 PAN Feng WANG Tizhuang ZHANG Zhimin .State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China . United Research Center for Resource and Materials Wuhai 016000 China

The urea-formaldehyde resin/reactive montmorillonite composites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The reactive montmorillonite was prepared firstly by being ion exchanged with organic molecules and secondly by being grafted with silane coupling agent, which could be demonstrated by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） revealed that the morphology of the urea-formaldehyde resin/reactive montmorillonite composites were ellipsoid or columnar particles. Energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS） confirmed that the reactive montmorillonite was encapsulated by urea-formaldehyde resin. Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） indicated that curing process of the ureaformaldehyde resin/reactive montmorillonite composites consumed more energy than pure urea-formaldehyde resin. Thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） showed that the thermal stability of the urea-formaldehyde resin/reactive montmorillonite composites improved compared to pure urea-formaldehyde resin. Furthermore, the reactive montmorillonites reduced the formaldehyde emission of the composites and increased the water resistance. Finally, the mechanism to prepare the urea-formaldehyde resin/reactive montmorillonite composites was proposed.

关键词： composite polycondensation X-ray morphology thermal property

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Synthesis of isosorbide-based polycarbonates via melt polycondensation catalyzed by quaternary ammonium ionic liquids

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2017年第5期38卷 908-917页

作者： Wei Sun Fei Xu Weiguo Cheng Jian Sun Guoqing Ning Suojiang Zhang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

A series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the production of poly(isosorbide carbonate)(PIC)from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a melt polycondensation *** relationship between the anions of the ILs and the catalytic activities was investigated,and the readily‐prepared IL tetraethylammonium imidazolate(TEAI)was found to exhibit the highest catalytic *** optimizing the reaction conditions,a PIC with a weight‐average molecular weight(Mw)of25600g/mol was obtained,in conjunction with an isosorbide conversion of92%.As a means of modifying the molecular flexibility and thermal properties of the PIC,poly(aliphatic diol‐co‐isosorbide carbonate)s(PAIC)s were successfully synthesized,again using TEAI,and polymers with Mw values ranging from29000to112000g/mol were obtained.13C NMR analyses determined that the PAIC specimens had random microstructures,while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that each of the PAICs were amorphous and had glass transition temperatures ranging from50to115°*** analyses found Td‐5%values ranging from316to332°C for these *** on these data,it is evident that the incorporation of linear or cyclohexane‐based diol repeating units changed the thermal properties of the PIC.

关键词： Quaternary ammonium ionic liquid catalyst Isosorbide Polycarbonate Melt polycondensation Aliphatic diol

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Spontaneous photoelectric field-enhancement effect prompts the low cost hierarchical growth of highly ordered heteronanostructures for solar water splitting

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Nano Research 2016年第6期9卷 1561-1569页

作者： Yankuan Wei Jinzhan Su XiaokangWan Liejin Guo Lionel Vayssieres International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory for Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy &Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

In this study, a potentially universal new strategy is reported for the large-scale, low-cost fabrication of visible-light-active highly ordered heteronanostructures based on the spontaneous photoelectric-field-enhancement effect inherent in pyramidal morphology. The hierarchical vertically oriented arrayed structures comprise an active molecular co-catalyst at the apex of a visible-light-active large band gap semiconductor for low-cost solar water splitting in a neutral aqueous medium without the use of a sacrificial agent.

关键词： bismuth vanadate co-catalysts photocatalysis solar water splitting oxygen evolution

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Thermodynamic Optimization of a Double-pressure Organic Rankine Cycle Driven by Geothermal Heat Source

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Energy Procedia 2017年 129卷 591-598页

作者： Qingxuan Sun Yaxiong Wang Ziyang Cheng Jiangfeng Wang Pan Zhao Yiping Dai Institute of Turbomachinery State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 People’s Republic of China

Geothermal energy, as a typical low-temperature heat source, has been exploited for decades to generate electricity. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system has a high energy conversion efficiency due to the good performance of organic fluids under the geothermal water temperature. In this study, a double-pressure organic Rankine cycle system driven by geothermal heat source is used to generate electricity. The double-pressure ORC system achieves the cascaded utilization of energy, which can improve the efficiency of energy conversion. Mathematical model is established based on thermodynamic laws, and the overall system performance has been evaluated. A parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effects of some key thermodynamic parameters, namely turbine high-level inlet pressure, turbine low-level inlet pressure, turbine high-level inlet temperature, on the system performance. Parametric optimization is conducted by means of genetic algorithm (GA) to find the maximum system performance. At the same time, the performances of three organic working fluids are examined. Results indicate that R245fa has a better performance among the three organic fluids. The exergy efficiency of overall system exceeds 5.8% under the supply water of 120℃, and it produce more than 800kW electricity with the geothermal water at the mass flow rate of 250t/h. It is also found that the exergy efficiency has peak value under the effect of turbine high-level inlet pressure and turbine low-level inlet pressure. In addition, increasing turbine high-level inlet temperature brings a positive effect to the system performance. Exergy analysis is also conducted and the result shows that the main exergy loss occurs in high-pressure evaporator. By system optimization, the double-pressure organic Rankine cycle has a better performance in utilizing geothermal energy than single-pressure system.

关键词： Geothermal Organic Rankine cycle Double-pressure

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Adsorption behaviors of shale oil in kerogen slit by molecular simulation

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Chemical engineering Journal 2020年 387卷

作者： Yongfei Yang Jie Liu Jun Yao Jianlong Kou Zheng Li Tianhao Wu Kai Zhang Lei Zhang Hai Sun Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development China University of Petroleum (East China) Ministry of Education Qingdao 266580 PR China Research Center of Multiphase Flow in Porous Media School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 PR China Institute of Condensed Matter Physics Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 PR China Reservoir Engineering Research Institute 595 Lytton Avenue Suite B Palo Alto CA 94301 USA

Shale oil is widely distributed in organic nanopores, while kerogen plays a complex and key role for adsorption behavior of shale oil, and thus it is crucial to identify the associated storage mechanisms. In this paper, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation had been performed to quantify the adsorption behavior of shale oil in kerogen slits. Both the distribution of shale oil properties and potential of the mean force (PMF) were used to identify the interaction mechanisms between the light and heavy components respectively represented by methane and asphaltene. We also examined the effects of different temperatures and apertures on the adsorption behavior. Owning to the extremely strong adsorption capacity between the asphaltene and kerogen, the adsorbed asphaltene layers reduce the slit width, preventing the light components from adsorbing on the kerogen slits due to the energy barrier formed by heavy components. It is found that, with an increase in temperature, the distribution of hydrocarbons performs more homogeneously. In addition, the adsorption quantity of medium components displays a reduction in kerogen slit, while the heavy component shows a rising as its greater competitiveness, suggesting that the medium components are the most potential fraction in thermal exploitation, and the light components keep a steady quantity with the combined action of medium and heavy components. The small slit (aperture <2 nm) can be blocked by asphaltene molecules, and the adsorption density of hydrocarbons reaches the maximum at 2 nm aperture.

关键词： Adsorption behavior Shale oil Kerogen Molecular simulation

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