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Study on ignition delay of multi-component syngas using shock tube

Canadian Journal of Chemical engineering 2014年第5期92卷 861-870页

作者： Thi, Luong Dinh Zhang, Yingjia Fu, Jin Huang, Zuohua Zhang, Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Combustion and Flow Diagnostics Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom

Ignition delays of four typical syngas mixtures were investigated using both experimental and simulated methods. The shock tube experiments were conducted behind the reflected shock waves at temperature ranges from 870 to 1350K, pressures of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0MPa. Six available kinetic models were evaluated by comparing them to the new ignition delay data obtained. NUIG C3 model was in good agreement with the experimental results. The effect of the pressure on ignition delay of all four syngas mixtures was similar to that of hydrogen. The promoting and inhibiting ignition were experimentally observed at high and moderate temperatures, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted at different temperatures and pressures to identify the dominant elementary reactions in the ignition process of the syngas. The results indicated that the ignition delay was generally most sensitive to the chain branching reaction H+O2=O+OH at both high and low temperatures. Decomposition reaction H2O(+M)=H+OH (+M) was of importance for the syngas with relative inert gas CO2 and N2 at a high temperature. The reaction CO+OH=CO2+H involving CO kinetic dominated the ignition at a high temperature for the syngas with a high CO level. The inhibiting effect of pressure was attributed to the decrease of sensitivity of the reactions H+O2=O+OH and O+H2=H+OH and the increase of sensitivity of the reaction H+O2 (+M)=HO2(+M) at a moderate-low temperature. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical engineering.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Effect of anolyte pH and cathode Pt loading on electricity and hydrogen co-production performance of the bio-electrochemical system

Effect of anolyte pH and cathode Pt loading on electricity a...

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作者： Liu, Ya-Peng Wang, Yun-Hai Wang, Bai-Shi Chen, Qing-Yun Department of Environmental Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

In a novel bio-electrochemical system (BES) for hydrogen and electricity co-production with acetate substrate, the anolyte pH and cathode Pt loading effects are investigated to improve the cell performance for hydrogen and electricity co-production and reduce the cost. The optimized anolyte pH is 9. The maximum hydrogen production rate of 0.55 m3 m-3 d -1 and COD removal of 76% are obtained under optimal anolyte pH in the present BES. Over high or over low anolyte pH decreases the hydrogen production rate and COD removal. In addition, the experiments show that there is no considerable difference for the power density output and steady state current when the Pt catalyst loading is above 0.1 mg cm-2. But when the Pt catalyst loading is lower than 0.1 mg cm-2, the power density output and current decreases significantly. About 1.7 W m-3 power density output can be obtained by using 0.1 mg cm-2 Pt catalyst in the present research. © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Feasibility analysis of MA transmutation in radial fuel shuffling TWR

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Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu/Atomic Energy Science and Technology 2015年 49卷 58-62页

作者： Zheng, Mei-Yin Tian, Wen-Xi Chu, Xiao Zhang, Da-Lin Su, Guang-Hui Qiu, Sui-Zheng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

TWR can make use of non-enriched fuel and obtain very high burnup without the need of fuel reprocessing. TWR is an effective way of fuel utilization besides the closed fuel cycle. In this paper, the feasibility of MA transmutation in a TWR was analyzed to further excavate the fuel utilization of this type of reactor. MA was homogeneously charged in the self-designed 1 250 MWt board type radial fuel shuffling sodium cooled TWR core, and the MA weight fraction is from 2.0% to 12.0%. A self-developed MCNP-ORIGEN coupled code was applied to perform burnup calculation. The results indicate that the transmutation amount increases linearly with the MA weight fraction, while the transmutation rate parabolically varies with the increase of the MA weight fraction. Neutronic safety parameters, such as the core effective multiplication factor, Doppler feedback coefficient, void worth coefficient and effective delayed neutron fraction, were compared under different MA weight fractions. The results indicate that the core effective multiplication factor and the void worth coefficient increase with the MA weight fraction, while the Doppler feedback coefficient and the effective delayed neutron fraction decrease with the increase of the MA weight fraction. © 2015, Atomic Energy Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Nuclear fuel reprocessing

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Development of highly active coated monolith SCR catalyst with strong abrasion resistance for low-temperature application

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & engineering 2015年第6期9卷 979-987页

作者： Lina GAN Shan LEI Jian YU Hongtao MA Yo YAMAMOTO Yoshizo SUZUKI Guangwen XU Zhanguo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Materials Research Department Materials Research Laboratories Research and Development Group Meidensha Corporation 8-1 Osaki 2-Chome Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-8565 Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Onogawa 16-1 Tsukuba 305-8569 Japan

Monolith SCR catalysts coated with V2Os- WO3/TiO2 were prepared by varying binder and coating thickness. Comparing with a monolith extruded with 100% V2O5-WO3/TiO2 powder, a coated monolith with a catalyst-coating layer of 260 μm in thickness exhibited the similar initial NOx reduction activity at 250℃. After 4 h abrasion （attrition） in an air stream containing 300 g. m^-3 fine sands （50-100μm） at a superficial gas velocity of 10m·s^-1, the catalyst still has the activity as a 100% molded monolith does in a 24-h activity test and it retains about 92% of its initial activity at 250℃. Estimation of the equivalent durable hours at a fly ash concentration of 1.0 g.m^-3 in flue gas and a gas velocity of 5 m.s^-1 demonstrated that this coated monolith catalyst is capable of resisting abrasion for 13 months without losing more than 8% of its initial activity. The result suggests the great potential of the coated monolith for application to de-NOx of flue gases with low fly ash concentrations from, such as glass and ceramics manufacturing processes.

关键词： coated monolith low-temperature denitration,abrasion resistance attrition

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Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag^+/TiO_2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 662-672页

作者： Yingying Chen Yongbing Xie Jun Yang Hongbin Cao Yi Zhang National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.

关键词： photocatalytic ozonation phenoloxalic acid Ag＋/TiO2

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Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrogen of liquid fuels using two functionalized group ionic liquids

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第12期57卷 1766-1773页

作者： NIE Yi GONG Xue GAO Hong Shuai ZHANG Xiang Ping ZHANG Suo Jiang Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University

Deep desulfurization of liquid fuels is an important and challenging issue in worldwide petroleum refining *** and catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ECODS)of liquid fuels using a series of ionic liquids(ILs)with two functionalized groups,such as[(CH2)2COOHmim]Cl/n Fe Cl3,[(CH2)2COOHmim]Cl/n Zn Cl2,and[Amim]Cl/n Fe Cl3,was *** the ECODS,the ILs were used as both extractant and catalyst and 30 wt%hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)solution as *** effects of molar ratios of[(CH2)2COOHmim]Cl(or[Amim]Cl)to Fe Cl3(or Zn Cl2)in ILs,H2O2/sulfur(O/S)molar ratio,reaction temperature,and the nature of sulfur compounds on sulfur removal were *** natures of the functional groups(–COOH,–CH2–CH=CH2)in cations and the acid strength of anions play important roles in the ECODS and affect the reaction time,temperature,and desulfurization efficiency of different ***,nitrogen-containing compounds(pyridine,pyrrole,and quinoline)could be removed simultaneously in the ECODS and had different effects on dibenzothiophene removal.

关键词： ionic liquids desulfurization denitrogen fuel

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A stability condition for turbulence model:From EMMS model to EMMS-based turbulence model

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Particuology 2014年第5期12卷 142-154页

作者： Lin Zhang Xiaoping Qiu Limin Wang Jinghai Li The EMMS Group State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The closure problem of turbulence is still a challenging issue in turbulence modeling. In this work, a stability condition is used to close turbulence. Specifically, we regard single-phase flow as a mixture of turbulent and non-turbulent fluids, separating the structure of turbulence. Subsequently, according to the picture of the turbulent eddy cascade, the energy contained in turbulent flow is decomposed into different parts and then quantified. A turbulence stability condition, similar to the principle of the energy-minimization multi-scale （EMMS） model for gas-solid systems, is formulated to close the dynamic constraint equa- tions of turbulence, allowing the inhomogeneous structural parameters of turbulence to be optimized. We name this model as the ＂EMMS-based turbulence model＂, and use it to construct the corresponding turbulent viscosity coefficient. To validate the EMMS-based turbulence model, it is used to simulate two classical benchmark problems, lid-driven cavity flow and turbulent flow with forced convection in an empty room, The numerical results show that the EMMS-hased turbulence model improves the accuracy of turbulence modeling due to it considers the principle of compromise in competition between viscosity and inertia.

关键词： Stability condition Mathematical modeling Turbulence EMMS Hydrodynamics Computational fluid dynamics

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Inside Cover: Nb‐Doped Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Solar Water Splitting: Electronic Structure Evolution versus Morphology Alteration (ChemNanoMat 7/2016)

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ChemNanoMat 2016年第7期2卷

作者： Yanming Fu Chung‐Li Dong Wan‐Yi Lee Jie Chen Penghui Guo Liang Zhao Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Department of Physics Tamkang University Tamsui 25137 Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

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Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier engineering for Ⅲ-Ⅴ Nanowire Based Electronics and Photovoltaics

Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Engineering for Ⅲ-Ⅴ N...

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2015欧亚经济论坛-2015第五届国际纳米科技大会

作者： Ning Han Zaixing Yang Yunfa Chen Johnny C Ho State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of HongKong

The heterojunctions such as p-n junction and Schottky contact,play an important role in nanoelectronics and optics,and thus are highly desired and challenging for high performance *** this report,Schottky contacts are controllably fabricated on III-V nanowires（NWs） for fabrication of functional InAs NW logic circuits and GaAs NW *** specific,the threshold voltage of InAs NW field effect transistors（FETs） are finely tuned by decorating InAs channel（.1 eV） with metal clusters which possess varied work functions（Au.3 eV,Ni.1 eV,Cr.5 eV,and Al.2 eV） to form Schottky contacts with tuned barrier *** Schottky contact tailors the electron concentration and thus shifts the threshold voltage of InAs FET,and NMOS circuits can be designed and implemented *** the other hand,the Schottky contact of Au and Al electrodes on GaAs NWs will provide the barrier for the separation and collection of the photo generated electron/hole pairs,and thus high efficiency GaAs NW based photovoltaics can be *** these results show the facile fabrication and the versatile functions of Schottky barrier engineering in III-V NW based nanoelectronics and optics,which is also promising in other functional devices such as photodetectors and gas sensor etc.

关键词： Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier engineering for Nanowire Based Electronics and Photovoltaics

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Numerical simulation of ignition of coke-oven gas on an industry boiler

Numerical simulation of ignition of coke-oven gas on an indu...

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International Conference on Frontiers of Energy, Materials and Information engineering, ICFMEI 2014

作者： Shi, Hong Wei Wang, Shuai Wang, Dong Zhang, Xing Kai State key lab of multiphase flow in power engineering Xi'an jiaotong university Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038352778

Some coking plants discharge coke-oven gas to the environment,this pollute the *** order to solute the problem,the paper proposed a method:using coke-oven gas instead of light oil to ignite the *** virtue of doing this was to save *** FLUENT software package to simulate ignition in boiler is a effective mean,it can show the distribution of temperature in the *** simulation result shows that using CFD methods can provide ideas for the operation of the boiler. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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