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Electrodeposition of aluminum from [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3 ionic liquids at low temperature

Huagong Xuebao/CIESC Journal 2013年第SUPPL.1期64卷 147-154页

作者： Kang, Yanhong Chen, Shimou Zhang, Junling Lang, Haiyan Zhang, Suojiang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Aluminium can be electrodeposited from the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole salt chloride ([BMIM]/AlCl3) below 100°C. It was found that voltage for aluminium deposition decreases with the increase of temperature and the current density increase with the increase of temperature. When the temperature reaches 90°C, the electrolyte become unstable. At a certain temperature, the current density increased gradually with the electrolyte [BMIM]Cl:AlCl3 molar ratio changes from 1:1.25 to 1:2.00. Effects of current density, temperature on the morphology of Al depositions were studied by Hull cell test. The surface on the cathode is characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Along with the current density decreasing, the electrochemical deposition layers of aluminium become thinner and thinner, but the crystal structure of the aluminium almost no change. Furthermore, the microstructures of deposition aluminium are greatly influenced by temperature. Based on all these investigations, the optimized technological parameters for electrodeposition of aluminum from [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3 were obtained. © All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Ionic liquids

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Investigation on deflagration behaviors of oil and natural gas boiler and analysis of deflagration prevention

Investigation on deflagration behaviors of oil and natural g...

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International Conference on Power engineering 2013, ICOPE 2013

作者： Li, Lian Li, Hui Li, Na Zhou, Qulan Shen, Jizhao State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China China Nuclear Power Design Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518057 China Yangzhou Chenguang Special Equipment Co. Ltd. Yangzhou225800 China

For the investigation on deflagration of oil/natural gas boiler and its prevention, an experimental system was designed and built to measure deflagration characteristics of combustible gas. The explosion limits of methane and its mixture of CO were measured at different temperature. The results matched the theoretical values well. It was also found that the range of explosion limit widens with an increase of initial temperature or a rise of CO rate, which indicates that incompletely burned methane causes high risk of deflagration. The possibility of deflagration, which may happen during purging, was numerically analyzed. Igniting without purging after flameout increases the possibility of deflagration. The result of unsteady numerical modeling on purging shows that ignition should be done rapidly within 5 minutes and purging is necessary before sparking again. The amount of purging air to ensure safety is 4 times of the furnace volume.

关键词： Purging

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A 1D model to predict ejector performance at critical and sub-critical operational regimes

A 1D model to predict ejector performance at critical and su...

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作者： Chen, Weixiong Liu, Ming Chong, Daotong Yan, Junjie Little, Adrienne Blair Bartosiewicz, Yann State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Place du Levant 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 United States

This paper proposes a new 1D model to predict ejector performance at critical and sub-critical operational modes, while most previous 1D models have only predicted ejector performance at critical mode operation. Constant pressure mixing is assumed to occur inside the constant area section of the ejector at critical and sub-critical mode operation, and the effectiveness of the model is verified against four sets of experimental data that include different working fluids and geometries. The results show that the proposed model accurately predicts ejector performance over all ranges of operation, and is a useful tool for predicting ejector performance within larger refrigeration cycle models. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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In situ diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study of formaldehyde adsorption and reactions on Pd-doped nano-γ-Fe2O3 Films

In situ diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spect...

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作者： Huang, Kaijin Kong, Lingcong Yuan, Fangli Xie, Changsheng State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

Palladium-doped nano-γ-Fe2O3 films were printed on Al2O3 substrates by screen printing-injecting hybrid technology. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the phase structures and morphologies of the films, respectively. The sensitivity of the films to 100 ppm formaldehyde in air was investigated. The surface adsorption and reaction process between Pd-doped nano-γ- Fe2O3 films and formaldehyde was studied by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) at different temperatures. Dioxymethylene, formate ions, polyoxymethylene, and adsorbed formaldehyde were detected when the Pd-doped nano-γ-Fe 2O3 films were exposed to 100 ppm formaldehyde at different temperatures. A possible mechanism of the reaction process is discussed. © 2013 Society for Applied Spectroscopy.

关键词： Formaldehyde

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Discrete particle simulation of mixed sand transport

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 221-228页

作者： Fengjiun Xiao Lieiin Guo Debiao Li Yueshe Wang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

An Eulerian/Lagrangian numerical simulation is performed on mixed sand transport. Volume averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved to calculate gas motion, and particle motion is calculated using Newton＇s equation, involving a hard sphere model to describe particle-to-particle and particle-to-wall collisions. The influence of wall characteristics, size distribution of sand particles and boundary layer depth on vertical distribution of sand mass flux and particle mean horizontal velocity is analyzed, suggesting that all these three factors affect sand transport at different levels. In all cases, for small size groups, sand mass flux first increases with height and then decreases while for large size groups, it decreases exponen- tially with height and for middle size groups the behavior is in-between. The mean horizontal velocity for all size groups well fits experimental data, that is, increasing logarithmically with height in the middle height region. Wall characteristics greatly affects particle to wall collision and makes the fiat bed similar to a Gobi surface and the rough bed similar to a sandy surface. Particle size distribution largely affects the sand mass flux and the highest heights they can reach especially for larger particles.

关键词： Mixed sand transportHard sphere modelSand mass fluxParticle horizontal mean velocity

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Applications of laser diagnostics to engines and thermal power plants

Applications of laser diagnostics to engines and thermal pow...

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2nd International Workshop on Heat Transfer Advances for Energy Conservation and Pollution Control(IWHT2013)(2013年第二届节能减排传热进展国际研讨会)

作者： Yoshihiro Deguchi Takahiro Kamimoto Zhenzhen Wang Junjie.Yan Jiping Liu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an China Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science The University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science The University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan

It has been a major challenge to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in *** the trend is the fact that increased carbon dioxide in the air causes global warming and adversely affects natural *** demands for ... 详细信息

关键词： Temperature and concentration measurement CT-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Time-of-flight mass spectrometry Engine Thermal power plant

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Effect of tube diameters on Marangoni condensation heat transfer for ethanol-water mixture vapors

Effect of tube diameters on Marangoni condensation heat tran...

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2nd International Workshop on Heat Transfer Advances for Energy Conservation and Pollution Control(IWHT2013)(2013年第二届节能减排传热进展国际研讨会)

作者： J.S.Wang J.J Yan X.P.Chen D.T.Chong J.P.Liu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049 China Moe Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049 China

Marangoni condensation attracts much attention in recent years, due to the high heat transfer coefficient and pseudo-dropwise condensation mode which could be maintained for a long *** present study focused on the effect of tube diameters on Marangoni condensation heat transfer in the case of ethanol-water mixture vapors condensation.

关键词： Marangoni condensation tube diameter ethanol-water mixture heat transfer coefficient

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Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer of FC-72 over Micro-Pin-Finned Surfaces with Submerged Jet Impingement

Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer of FC-72 over Micro-Pin-Finne...

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2nd International Workshop on Heat Transfer Advances for Energy Conservation and Pollution Control(IWHT2013)(2013年第二届节能减排传热进展国际研讨会)

作者： Y.H.Zhang J.J.Wei X.Kong State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an Shaanxi 710049 P.R.China

The experiment was made of boiling heat transfer of FC-72 on micro-pin-finned chips with submerged jet *** experimental conditions cover two different liquid subcooling degrees (25, 35 K), three different jet velociti... 详细信息

关键词： Micro-pin-fins jet impingement Enhancement FC-72 boiling

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Viscosity characteristics of TiO2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 fully liquid slags with high TiO2 content and low mass ratio of CaO to SiO2

Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science a...

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Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2013年第10期35卷 1297-1303页

作者： Dong, Xiang-Juan Sun, Hao-Yan She, Xue-Feng Xue, Qing-Guo Wang, Jing-Song State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The effects of TiO2 content, Al2O3 content and binary basicity (CaO/SiO2) on the viscosity of a TiO2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 fully liquid slag with high TiO2 content and low mass ratio of CaO to SiO2 were studied in this paper. Experimental determinations of the viscosity were carried out in the temperature range from 1633 to 1873 K using the rotation cylinder method. When the TiO2 content is from 23% to 43%, the Al2O3 content is from 3% to 12%, and the binary basicity is from 0.3 to 0.7, the viscosity of the slag decreases with increasing TiO2 content and alkalinity, but increases with increasing Al2O3 content. TiO2 is classified as an acidic oxide by calculating the sulfur partition rate of the slag in the electric furnace melting process. Based on the data of viscosity measurement and the definition of TiO2 attributes, a new melt viscosity prediction model of the slag was proposed by modifying the Urbain model. Its prediction error is 11%, indicating that the model provides a reasonable prediction for fully liquid slags with high TiO2 content and low mass ratio of CaO to SiO2.

关键词： Viscosity

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Recovery of waste heat in cement plants for the capture of CO2

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2012年第1期6卷 104-111页

作者： Ruifeng DONG Zaoxiao ZHANG Hongfang LU Yunsong YU State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Large amounts of energy are consumed during the manufacturing of cement especially during the calcination process which also emits large amounts of CO2. A large part of the energy used in the making of cement is released as waste heat. A process to capture CO2 by integrating the recovery and utilization of waste heat has been designed. Aspen Plus software was used to calculate the amount of waste heat and the efficiency of energy utilization. The data used in this study was based on a dry process cement plant with a 5-stage preheater and a precalciner with a cement output of 1 Mt/y. According to the calculations： 1） the generating capacity of the waste heat recovery system is 4.9MW. 2） The overall CO2 removal rate was as high as 78.5%. 3） The efficiency of energy utilization increased after the cement producing process was retrofitted with this integrated design.

关键词： cement industry waste heat recovery utiliza-tion CO2 removal

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