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Enhancing Photocurrent in Unannealed NiS x /CdS Photoelectrochemical System for Water Splitting and Hydrogen Production

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1326卷 1-6页

作者： Ning Zhang Liejin Guo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MPFL) School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi PR China

In this work, NiSx was deposited on FTO by chemical bath and worked as the inner layer in order to enhance the photocurrent of CdS film. It is found the unannealed CdS/NiSx had a higher photocurrent than unannealed CdS, but after annealing, the photocurrent of CdS/NiSx showed dramatical decrease. The mechanism was discussed in detail by UPS and current-potential curves.

关键词： Ni S thin film

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Application of the Mole-8.5 supercomputer:Probing the whole influenza virion at the atomic level

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第20期56卷 2114-2118页

作者： XU Ji WANG XiaoWei HE XianFeng REN Ying GE Wei LI JingHai State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Discrete computer simulations are quite helpful in understanding dynamic structures in complex ***,using the Mole-8.5 supercomputer and molecular dynamics simulations as a"computational microscope",we simulated the dynamic structure of a whole H1N1 influenza virion in solution for the first time at the atomic *** total,300 million atoms in a periodic cube with an edge length of 148.5 nm were *** 288 low level hybrids with 1728 C2050 GPUs and a software package developed specifically for the hardware,the simulation executed 770 ps/d with an integration time step of 1 fs,and analyzed the dynamic *** the tremendous computational power of GPUs,efficient software packages for various hardware designs,and consistent physical models,more challenging applications will be carried out in the near future.

关键词：超级计算机病毒粒子应用程序原子流感鼹鼠计算机模拟分子动力学模拟

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Experimental investigation of heat transfer for supercritical pressure water flowing in vertical annular channels

Experimental investigation of heat transfer for supercritica...

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作者： Gang, Wu Bi, Qincheng Yang, Zhendong Wang, Han Zhu, Xiaojing Hao, Hou Leung, L.K.H. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Chalk River ON K0J 1J0 Canada

An experiment has recently been completed at Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) to obtain wall-temperature measurements at supercritical pressures with upward flow of water inside vertical annuli. Two annular test sections were constructed with annular gaps of 4 and 6 mm, respectively, and an internal heater of 8 mm outer diameter. Experimental-parameter ranges covered pressures of 23-28 MPa, mass fluxes of 350-1000 kg/m2/s, heat fluxes of 200-1000 kW/m2, and bulk inlet temperatures up to 400 °C. Depending on the flow conditions and heat fluxes, two distinctive heat transfer regimes, referring to as the normal heat transfer and deteriorated heat transfer, have been observed. At similar flow conditions, the heat transfer coefficients for the 6 mm gap annular channel are larger than those for the 4 mm gap annular channel. A strong effect of spiral spacer on heat transfer has been observed with a drastic reduction in wall temperature at locations downstream of the device in the annuli. Two tube-data-based correlations have been assessed against the experimental heat transfer results. The Jackson correlation agrees with the experimental trends and overpredicts slightly the heat transfer coefficients. The Dittus-Boelter correlation is applicable only for the normal heat transfer region but not for the deteriorated heat transfer region. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Performance enhancement for nanofluid-cooled microchannel heat sink

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Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and engineering 2012年第SUPPL.期20卷 169-180页

作者： Lin, Lin Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Zhenhua Department of Thermal Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Xi'an Shaangu Power Co. LTD Xi'an 710075 China

Based on selecting the proper formulas of thermal conductivity and viscosity for nanofluids, a three-dimensional fluid-solid conjugated model was developed to analyze the effect of the heat sink structure, the nanoparticle kind, diameter and volume fraction, and the base fluid kind on the cooling performance of microchannel heat sink. The results showed that: (1) thermal dispersion effect caused by nanoparticle random motion enhanced the thermal convection of nanofluid thus enhances significantly the cooling performance of heat sink;(2) the enhancement of nanofluids was closely dependent on the heat sink structure and the dependence was distinct from the pure fluid, hence the heat sink structure was needed to be optimized for nanofluids as coolants;(3) as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases, the thermal resistance reduced and the pressure increased, the water-based Al2O3 nanofluid with 0.5% volume fraction was the optimal coolant which caused 10.1% decrease in the thermal resistance and only 0.38% increased in the pressure drop;(4) although the nanoparticle size had a small effect on the thermal resistance, nanoparticles with small diameter were recommended with consideration of stability of nanofluids;(5) Al2O3 nanoparticle was superior to TiO2 and CuO, and water was the better base fluid than ethylene glycol and engine oil.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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Improved Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution from Inorganic/Organic Sacrificial Solution over Ni-Doped (CuIn) 0.2 Zn 1.6 S 2 Photocatalysts

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1326卷 1-6页

作者： Xianghui Zhang Dengwei Jing Liejin Guo State Key Lab of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an PR China

The Ni-doped (CuIn)0.2Zn1.6S2 photocatalysts were prepared via a two-step ultrasonic-hydrothermal method under an environmental-friendly condition. XRD pattern profiles suggested that Ni2+ successfully doped into (CuIn)0.2Zn1.6S2 lattice. UV-Vis spectra indicated that the optical properties of the photocatalysts greatly depended on the amount of Ni doped. SEM images show that the samples were microspheres. The microsphere structures were gradually damaged with the increment of Ni doping amount. The photoactivity of (CuIn)0.2Zn1.6S2 was enhanced when Ni2+ was doped into the crystal structure. The H2 evolution performance over the prepared samples from inorganic/organic sacrificial solution was systematic investigated.

关键词： catalytic energy generation hydrogenation

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Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第1期18卷 59-65页

作者： Ting Liu Zhan-cheng Guo Zhi Wang Ming-yong Wang State Key Lab of Multiphase Complex System Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for Ecological and Recycle Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The effects of gravity on nickel electrodeposition,the morphology and mechanical properties of deposits were studied in a super gravity *** in a microgravity field were also presented based on the obtained experimental *** sweep voltammetry reveals that the nickel electrodeposition process is enhanced by increasing the gravity coefficient（G）.The limiting current density changes from 10.2 to 293.0 mA·cm-2 with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to *** morphology of deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.The images show that the morphology deposited in the super gravity field has finer grain sizes and denser and smoother *** roughness reduces from 48.3 to 4.9 nm with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to ***,mechanical tests indicate that the mechanical properties of nickel foils are greatly improved due to introducing a super gravity field during electrodeposition.

关键词： metal foil nickel gravity microgravity electrodeposition mechanical properties

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Deposition of Cement Kiln Ash on the Tubes of Waste Heat Recovery Boiler

Deposition of Cement Kiln Ash on the Tubes of Waste Heat Rec...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy engineering Conference (APPEEC)

作者： Yufeng Wang Chunyun Hu Shi'en Hui Qinxin Zhao Qulan Zhou State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China

Deposition of cement kiln ash on the tubes of heat recovery boiler affects the heat exchange efficiency. The basic characteristic of cement kiln ash and the deposition on the tubes with different arrangements are presented. Numerical simulation and experiment measurement show that flow field feature, especially the low-velocity zone and vortex street, causes different shape of ash deposit around the tube. The effect of ash concentration, tube arrangement and gas velocity on the deposition is analyzed. The effect of the tube diameter and the gas composition is also discussed.

关键词： Ash Electron tubes Surface treatment Heat recovery Waste heat Shape Boilers

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Eosin Y-sensitized ZnO/TiO 2 for efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1326卷 1-6页

作者： Haipei Liu Dengwei Jing Liejin Guo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an P. R. China

In this work a series of Eosin Y-ZnO(x%)/TiO2 were prepared. ZnO well dispersed on the surface of TiO2, which improves the adsorption of Eosin Y and the excited electron to transfer to the conduction band of TiO2. Therefore the visible light activity of 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO(x%)/TiO2 is much higher than that of the 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-TiO2 and 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO. The 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y- ZnO(1.5%)/TiO2 has the highest visible light activity among the catalysts coupled with various ZnO amount, whose activity is increased by a factor of 3.5 compared to that of 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-TiO2. It is proposed that, 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO(1.5%)/TiO2 has the optimal trapping sites of carriers and thickness of the space-charge layer on the TiO2 particle surface, so these factors result a more efficient charge separation, an increased lifetime of the charge carriers, and the enhanced of hydrogen production.

关键词： catalytic hydrogenation energy generation

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Quasi-real-time simulation of rotating drum using discrete element method with parallel GPU computing

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Particuology 2011年第4期9卷 446-450页

作者： Ji Xu Huabiao Oi Xiaojian Fang Liqiang Lu Wei Ge Xiaowei Wang Ming xu Feiguo Chen xianfeng He Jinghai Li State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) Chinese Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 353 Beijing 100190 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Real-time simulation of industrial equipment is a huge challenge nowadays. The high performance and fine-grained parallel computing provided by graphics processing units （GPUs） bring us closer to our goals. In this article, an industrial-scale rotating drum is simulated using simplified discrete element method （DEM） without consideration of the tangential components of contact force and particle rotation. A single GPU is used first to simulate a small model system with about 8000 particles in real-time, and the simulation is then scaled up to industrial scale using more than 200 GPUs in a 1 D domain-decomposition parallelization mode. The overall speed is about 1/11 of the real-time. Optimization of the communication part of the parallel GPU codes can speed up the simulation further, indicating that such real-time simulations have not only methodological but also industrial implications in the near future.

关键词： Rotating drumReal-time Discrete element method （DEM） Speedup GPU

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Decalin dehydrogenation on active carbon supported Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts

Decalin dehydrogenation on active carbon supported Pt-Ni bim...

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International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control engineering (MACE)

作者： Lei LingHu Weitao Wu Suitao Qi Chunhai Yi Gangli Zhu Bolun Yang Department of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts and their corresponding monometallic catalysts supported on active carbon were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation or chelating formaldehyde reduction. The effect of feed/catalyst ratio and the metal impregnation sequence for active carbon supported bimetallic nanoparticle on dehydrogenation activity of decalin was investigated. The results showed that the conversion of decalin increased up to 72% over 3%Pt/C catalyst when the feed/catalyst ratio reached 3.3 mL/g, under which condition the catalyst was in the liquid film state, having a higher temperature and larger contact area. The Pt-Ni/C bimetallic catalyst showed higher activity than either Pt/C or Ni/C monometallic catalyst. The impregnation sequence has a significant effect on the catalytic performance of three bimetallic supported catalysts. Pt first catalyst displayed the best dehydrogenation activity and selectivity to naphthalene. It reveals that the impregnation sequence more likely altered the location of active metal species and the formation of Pt-Ni bimetallic bond, which lead to the different catalytic behavior for decalin dehydrogenation.

关键词： Nickel Hydrogen Carbon Hydrogen storage Organic chemicals X-ray scattering Chemicals

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