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作者： Wang, Xuebin Si, Jipeng Tan, Houzhang Ma, Lin Pourkashanian, Mohamed Xu, Tongmo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian 710049 China Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine during straw pyrolysis at temperatures from 35 to 1450 °C was investigated by using the coupled thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS) techniques and compared with that of coal. The characteristics of the residual solid char from the straw were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that all the nitrogen species (HCN, NH3, HNCO, and CH 3CN), chloric species (HCl and Cl2), and sulfur species (SO2, H2S and COS) began to release from straw from 200 °C, compared with 350 °C for the case of coal. Most of the gaseous species from the straw were released in the form of a sharp peak, compared with the coal which has a much wider peak. NH3 and HNCO were the primary nitrogen species for both straw and coal;however for the straw the amount of NH3 released was much higher than that of HNCO. Sulfur species from the straw pyrolysis are sparse, and there was only a little COS released. During coal pyrolysis no COS was detected at all and H2S was mainly formed at 500 °C∼600 °C. SO2 was released in three stages (300-500 °C, 500-600 °C and 1200-1450 °C), and the largest SO 2 emission was found at high temperatures due to the decomposition of sulfate. The major chloric species from the pyrolysis of both straw and coal was HCl, and the ion current intensity of Cl2 was very low. There was a critical temperature of around 800 °C, beyond which most of the chlorine would be released. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Improved axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann scheme

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Physical Review E 2010年第5期81卷 056707-056707页

作者： Q. Li Y. L. He G. H. Tang W. Q. Tao National Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 China

This paper proposes an improved lattice Boltzmann scheme for incompressible axisymmetric flows. The scheme has the following features. First, it is still within the framework of the standard lattice Boltzmann method using the single-particle density distribution function and consistent with the philosophy of the lattice Boltzmann method. Second, the source term of the scheme is simple and contains no velocity gradient terms. Owing to this feature, the scheme is easy to implement. In addition, the singularity problem at the axis can be appropriately handled without affecting an important advantage of the lattice Boltzmann method: the easy treatment of boundary conditions. The scheme is tested by simulating Hagen-Poiseuille flow, three-dimensional Womersley flow, Wheeler benchmark problem in crystal growth, and lid-driven rotational flow in cylindrical cavities. It is found that the numerical results agree well with the analytical solutions and/or the results reported in previous studies.

关键词： Distribution functions

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On dynamic behavior of triangular shaped cantilevers in MEMS sensors: Effect of curvature

On dynamic behavior of triangular shaped cantilevers in MEMS...

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2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Solid-state and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Zhang, Gui-Ming Zhao, Li-Bo Huang, En-Ze Yuan, Guo-Ying Li, Yong Liu, Zhi-Gang Jiang, Zhuang-De State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Lab of Multiple Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424457984

A study on the effect of curvature of triangular shaped cantilevers in MEMS sensors was presented. 3-D models were performed by using the SolidWorks software. And modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried out on different types of geometrically configured triangular shaped cantilevers using ANSYS software. The results included the variation of natural frequencies of cantilevers and maximum equivalent von mises strain on the cantilevers with respect to radius of curvature of triangular shaped cantilevers. According to the finite element analysis results, the curvature did affect dynamic behavior of triangular shaped cantilevers in MEMS sensors. Usually, the curvature is induced by the surface stress due to microprocessing or any change of temperature, etc. Therefore, in order to achieve a steady state of strain for the MEMS sensors, it's better to eliminate the surface stress and make the cantilever transform from a curved cantilever to a straight cantilever. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Modal analysis

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Numerical Study of Liquid Sloshing on Anti‐sloshing Device Using Open Cell Metal Foams in Oil Tank

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 980-985页

作者： Y. Zhang Z. G. Qu W. Q. Tao T. J. Lu aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bMOE Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration Xi’an Jiaotong University China

A new baffle structure design named open‐cell metal foams baffle for anti‐sloshing device in oil tank is presented in this study. Numerical simulation study on the liquid sloshing with various baffles is carried out using FLUENT with the volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) model. Four types of baffles were studied, namely non‐baffle (type A), conventional parallel‐baffle (type B), cross‐baffle (type C) and open‐ cell metal foams baffles (type D). The oil velocity distribution, centroid and oil occupancy in the sloshing process is revealed in the case of vehicle speeding up and turning respectively. It is found that type D reduce velocity of oil, increase the value of oil occupancy in the suction pipe entrance of the oil tank and lower the centroid of oil obviously comparing with the other types. As for the same open‐cell metal foam pore density, lower open‐cell metal foam porosity has much better effect of inhibition of liquid sloshing, but there is little deviation among different porosity for the absolute value. Moreover, according to the same porosity, the oil centroid can be lowered obviously with the increase of pore density. The results of type D show practical significance and referable guideline for baffles design to improve the safety and stability of vehicle.

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ECT flow regime identification technology based on 2D Maximum Entropy Threshold Image Segmentation with ChaosParticle Swarm optimization algorithm 6

ECT flow regime identification technology based on 2D Maxi...

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6th World Congress in Industrial Process Tomography

作者： Luo, Zhengyuan Hu, Hongli Xu, Tongmo Tan, Houzhang State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Flow for Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780853163220

Electrical capacitance tomography technology is widely used in the field of flow regime identification. And image segmentation is one of the key technologies of flow regime identification. 2D Maximum Entropy Threshold Image Segmentation is a newly developed method to segment images. A method of 2D Maximum Entropy Threshold Image Segmentation with ChaosParticle Swarm optimization algorithm is presented to segment the images collected by an ECT system. Thus, more spatial information of an image is sufficiently used by the method;better effect is obtained to identify the flow regime. A laboratorylevel experiments prototype is built, and a gassolid twophase flow regime identification experiment is carried out on the prototype to check the image segmentation method. The result shows the flow regime identification of ECT system is satisfactory. © International Society for Industrial Process Tomography, 2010. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Water cut measurement of crude oil slug flow with double-tube capacitance sensor 6

Water cut measurement of crude oil slug flow with double-tub...

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6th World Congress in Industrial Process Tomography

作者： Bai, Bofeng He, Denghui Xu, Yong Yang, Canghai Li, Li State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute Changqing Oilfield Company of CNP Xi’an710021 China National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-permeability oil and gas Field CNPC Beijing100007 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780853163220

An online method for measurement of water cut in the crude oil slug flow in vertical pipes is presented. The water cut is obtained from the water film length, which is measured by a double-tube capacitance probe sensor, on the surface-insulated tube. The double-tube capacitance probe sensor consists of two stainless steel tubes, one tube is covered with an insulating film and the other is not. There is a heating wire in each tube, which provides a certain amount of heat to prevent the formation of waxes on the surface of the tube. The output of water cut variations is in the form of capacitance signal, which is independent of water salinity and electrical properties of the liquid. The water film length, capacitance and water cut are linearly proportional to each other. The field experiments indicate that the measurements are affected by both the natural gas entrained in the liquid and the flow patterns. A comparison with manual sampling measurement suggests that the mean water cut obtained by the sensor is lower than that of manual sampling value in the slug flow and the relative deviation is 11.58%. The measured values are revised according to the water holdup of the slug flow, and the relative deviation is reduced to 8.04% after revising. © 2010, International Society for Industrial Process Tomography. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crude oil

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Experimental investigation on some key variables during pool water flash evaporation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 380-385页

作者： Y. L. Guo J. J. Yan D. T. Chong J. P. Liu aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bDepartment of Power Engineering Xi’an Electric Power College China

An experimental study has been performed to investigate pool water flash evaporation in a rectangle chamber. The water level was at 40 mm, 60 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm. Initial conditions of the liquid varied from 36 to 88° C temperature and 2.1 to 48° C superheat. The experimental results showed that the initial water temperature, the superheat and the water level are significant to the water temperature transients in flashing process and the value of NEF when flash evaporation calm down. Experimental study allows us to correlate the evolution of water temperature.

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Modelling of water transport in PEM fuel cell

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2010年第9期31卷 1504-1507页

作者： Xu, Cheng-Jie Zhang, Guang-Sheng Liu, Hong-Tan Guo, Lie-Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 United States

A mixed-domain, two-phase flow, non-isothermal model is developed to study the water transport phenomena, which has significant effects on the performance of PEM fuel cells. Modelling results show that: the total water concentration is decreasing along the channel in anode, while it is increasing in cathode, flooding is most likely to occur at the end of cathode flow channel;liquid water in cathode GDL presents opposite distribution at high current density and low current density, the saturation of liquid water is decreasing from inner side to outer side across the GDL at low current density while it is increasing at high current density.

关键词： Two phase flow

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Pressure Drop for Oil‐Water Two‐phase flow in Horizontal Pipe

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 665-673页

作者： W. H. Liu L. J. Guo aTubular Goods Research Center of China National Petroleum Corporation Xi’an China bState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

Pressure drops were measured during the co‐current flow of a mechanical oil and tap water in 40 mm inner diameter horizontal test section made from organic glass. Measurements is conducted were made for the oil superficial velocity ranges from 0.04 to 1.2 m/s and the water superficial velocity from 0.04 to 2.2 m/s. The volume fraction of water in the oil‐water mixture changes from 0.05 to 0.976. The frictional pressure loss of oil‐water two‐phase flow was also studied experimentally and theoretically. The main finding is the frictional pressure loss of oil‐water two‐phase flow in flow ranges corresponding to flow pattern. Two fluid model was explored to calculate the frictional pressure loss for stratified flow pattern. Homogeneous model was used to predict the fictional pressure loss for oil‐dispersed stratified, oil‐dispersed and oil annular flow regimes. For three‐layer flow regime, a correlation between flow parameters and the two‐phase pressure drop reference to water phase was proposed. The model predictions are in good agreement with experiment data.

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Numerical Study of Drop Interface Deformation and Breakup in Shear flow

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 877-882页

作者： C. Z. Lin L. J. Guo X. X. Han aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bPetroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute China cShengli Oil field China

This paper presents numerical simulation results of the deformation and breakup of an isolated liquid drop suspended in an ambient, immiscible viscous fluid under shear flow. The model predicting the dynamic behavior of the drop is based on a diffuse interface method. The interface between the two fluids is tracked by an order parameter, namely the mass concentration. The fully transient, three dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid are solved by a projection method on a fixed Cartesian grid which the interface moves through to ensure accurate calculation of the surface evolution. Surface tension effects are incorporated into the model through a modified stress. This paper focuses on steady shape analysis and the end pinching mechanism of drop breakup. The numerical results of drop deformation and breakup show very good agreement with theoretical analysis and experimental observations, which indicate that the diffuse interface method can successfully capture the main behavior of the drop deformation and breakup Detailed instructions for typing your article are given in the following.

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