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Wire‐Mesh Capacitance Tomography in Gas‐Liquid flows

AIP Conference Proceedings 2007年第1期914卷 710-716页

作者： Shan‐Fang Huang Xiu‐Gang Zhang Dong Wang Zong‐Hu Lin State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

A new intrusive, wire‐mesh capacitance tomography for phase distributions in horizontal pipes is presented. A wire with an insulating film is used as a capacitor. The capacitance is in direct proportion to water film thickness, independent of water distribution and the salinity. We can obtain film thickness by measurement of capacitance. The sensor consists of four parallel wire capacitors, vertically placed over the cross section of the pipe. The interface is the result of linking the discrete film thicknesses with smooth curve, which are the tomographic result only when both phases are continuous. Static and dynamic experiments were carried out in air‐water two‐phase flows in horizontal pipes, from which we analyze the disturbance factors of the sensor to the flow field and measurement error of film thickness. The experimental results show that the tomographic results are consistent with expectation. The method has several advantages of no reconstructed algorithms, high signal‐to‐noise ratio, high sensitivity, and high spatio‐temporal resolution. The disturbance and error can be neglected in the range of this paper.

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multiphase flow Measurements by Full Stream Batch Sampling

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2007年第1期914卷 165-171页

作者： Dong Wang Fa‐Chun Liang Xiu‐Gang Zhang Zong‐Hu Lin State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

A new method of multiphase flow measurements that based on the “extracting and separating method” was proposed in this paper. An extraction flow (or sample) is diverted in a manner of time sharing or full stream batch sampling, then the sample is separated into single phase flows and metered with conventional flow meters, the total flow rates of each phase are determined according to the metered values and the extraction ratios. Because the full stream is conducted to the extraction loop during sampling, no matter what the flow regime of multiphase flow is, the extracted stream (or sample) is always the representative of the total stream and the extraction ratio can keep stable. Experiments were conducted in an air‐water‐oil flow test loop, the inside pipe diameter of the test loop was 50 mm, and the superficial gas velocity varied from 4.5 m/s ∼22m/s, the liquid superficial velocity was in the range of 0.02∼0.3m/s, the oil concentration was in the range of 0.0%∼60% by volume. The flow pattern occurring during the experiments included stratified flow, wave flow and annular flow. The experimental results shown that the full stream batch sample method is feasible to measure the multiphase flow rate, and the average error of flow rates measurements for each phase was less than 3.82%.

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Improvement of SIMPLER algorithm for incompressible flow on collocated grid system

Improvement of SIMPLER algorithm for incompressible flow on ...

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作者： Cheng, Y.P. Lee, T.S. Low, H.T. Tao, W.Q. Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent 119260 Singapore Singapore

In this article an Improved SIMPLER (CLEARER) algorithm is proposed to solve incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems. Numerical study shows with the CLEARER algorithm on a collocated grid, in the correction stage the velocities on the main nodes are overcorrected with the pressure correction, which lowers the convergence rate;hence a second relaxation factor is introduced to overcome this disadvantage. By setting this factor less than the underrelaxation factor for velocities, the convergence performance can be significantly enhanced;meanwhile, the robustness can also be increased. Four numerical examples with reliable solutions are computed to validate the CLEARER algorithm, and the results show that this algorithm can predict the numerical results accurately. Compared with the SIMPLER algorithm, CLEARER can enhance the convergence rate greatly, and in some cases it only needs as little as 17% of the iterations required by SIMPLER to reach the same convergence criterion.

关键词： Incompressible flow

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Law of nonlinear flow in saturated clays and radial consolidation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2007年第11期28卷 1427-1436页

作者：邓英尔谢和平黄润秋刘慈群 State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Institute of Engineering Science and Hazard Mechanics Sichuan University Chengdu 610064P.R.China Institute of Engineering Science and Hazard Mechanics Sichuan University Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics Academia Sinica

It was derived that micro-scale amount level of average pore radius of clay changed from 0.01 to 0.1 micron by an equivalent concept of flow in porous media. There is good agreement between the derived results and test ones. Results of experiments show that flow in micro-scale pore of saturated clays follows law of nonlinear flow. Theoretical analyses demonstrate that an interaction of solid-liquid interfaces varies inversely with permeability or porous radius. The interaction is an important reason why nonlinear flow in saturated clays occurs. An exact mathematical model was presented for nonlinear flow in micro-scale pore of saturated clays. Dimension and physical meanings of parameters of it are definite. A new law of nonlinear flow in saturated clays was established. It can describe characteristics of flow curve of the whole process of the nonlinear flow from low hydraulic gradient to high one. Darcy law is a special case of the new law. A math- ematical model was presented for consolidation of nonlinear flow in radius direction in saturated clays with constant rate based on the new law of nonlinear flow. Equations of average mass conservation and moving boundary, and formula of excess pore pressure distribution and average degree of consolidation for nonlinear flow in saturated clay were derived by using an idea of viscous boundary layer, a method of steady state in stead of transient state and a method of integral of an equation. Laws of excess pore pressure distribution and changes of average degree of consolidation with time were obtained. Re- sults show that velocity of moving boundary decreases because of the nonlinear flow in saturated clay. The results can provide geology engineering and geotechnical engineering of saturated clay with new scientific bases. Calculations of average degree of consolidation of the Darcy flow are a special case of that of the nonlinear flow.

关键词： saturated clay, nonlinear flow law, consolidation, average degree of consolidation moving boundary

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Heat transfer performance of a solar LiBr absorption refrigeration system

Heat transfer performance of a solar LiBr absorption refrige...

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5th International Energy Conversion engineering Conference

作者： Gu, Yaxiu Wu, Yuyuan Liu, Ting Chen, Liufang Zhang, Qinming Institute of Refrigerating and Cryogenic Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Institute of Refrigerating and Cryogenic Engineering Xi'an Xianning West Road 28# China Department of Thermal Engineering Xi'an Xianning West Road 28#

ISBN: (纸本)1563479028

The utilization of solar heat and waste heat in order to energize absorption chillers is an important issue for increasing the energy efficiency of cooling machines. A compact pump-free LiBr absorption refrigeration system (without the generator-pump, the evaporator-pump and the absorber-pump) driven by solar energy is designed and reconstructed. The required minimum driving temperature of the heat source is only 68°C compared to above 100°C in traditional absorption refrigeration systems. This paper aims to present the effects of various running parameters on the heat transfer performance of a solar refrigeration system, and typical experimental data. The phase change heat transfer is intensified in both the lunate channel of the thermosiphon elevation tube and the second generator. In this way, the two-phase solution is elevated continuously without pumps with a low driving temperature. The structure of the overflow-type spray system is optimized to make the aqueous solution of LiBr be absorbed and to make the condensate be evaporated in a once-through spray. Therefore, the aqueous solution in the refrigeration system can be in steady continuous absorption and evaporation without the absorber pump and the evaporator pump. In a cross-flow horizontal falling film heat exchanger, the staggered coil is wrapped with the mesh screen to hold up more liquid film. The performance of the heat and mass transfer is improved due to an increase in the wet ratio of the surface. Based on the heat and mass transfer theory of falling film absorption, an experimental study is carried out to analyze the performance of the refrigeration system. An experimental investigation is undertaken to characterize the effects of the absorption pressure, the inlet temperature of the solution, and the inlet temperature of the cooling water on the heat and mass transfer in the absorption process. The implications of the data are discussed in detail.

关键词： Refrigerating machinery

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Simulation of microstructure and rheological properties of surfactant solution

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2007年第3期24卷 232-238页

作者： Xiong, Xianpeng Liu, Weihua Ang, Haisong Gao, Xiufeng Wei, Jinjia College of Aerospace Engineering NUAA 29 Yudao Street Nanjing 210016 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation of a dilute surfactant solution is conducted in a steady shear flow. The rodlike micelle is assumed as a rigid rod composed of lined-up beads. A novel intercluster potential model is introduced for describing the interactions between, micelles. In the model, the Lennard-Jones and the soft-sphere potentials are used as inter-bead potentials for end-end and interior-interior beads, respectively. The micelles are combined at their ends to form a network structure at lower shear rates and are disconnected to become more and more parallel to the shear flow direction with increasing shear rate. The change of micellar microstructures with the variation of the shear rate results in shear thinning characteristics of the computed shear viscosities and first normal stress difference coefficients. The effects of surfactant solution concentration on the micellar structures and rheological properties are also investigated. Results show that the shear viscosities and the first normal stress difference coefficients increase with increasing the viscosity of the surfactant solution.

关键词： Surface active agents

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Effects of geometric parameters on steady laminar heal transfer in wavy channels

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Jisuan Wuli/Chinese Journal of Computational Physics 2007年第2期24卷 192-196页

作者： Xie, Gongnan Wang, Qiuwang Zeng, Min Luo, Laiqin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 110049 China

Periodically fully developed convective heat transfer characteristics in a two-dimensional wavy channel are investigated numerically with a constant wall temperature. The calculations are performed with Pr=0.7, Re=20-500 on non-orthogonal non-staggered grids generated by an elliptic equation system. A semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations revised (SIMPLER) algorithm in curvilinear body-fitted coordinates is employed. Effects of Reynolds number and geometric parameters, such as aspect ratio φ and shape ratio γ, on heat transfer and friction factor are studied. It shows that no recirculation region occurs through the whole channel at low Reynolds numbers, small aspect ratio or small shape ratio. With the increase of Reynolds number, aspect ratio or shape ratio, heat transfer is enhanced due to flow recirculation. Corresponding friction factor increases simultaneously.

关键词： Heat convection

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Method for liquid viscosity coefficient measurement using inclined tube

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2007年第3期28卷 382-384页

作者： He, Mao-Gang Zhang, Ying Wang, Xiao-Fei Zhong, Qiu Li, Hui-Zhen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

In this paper, we provide a method which can be used to measure the viscosity coefficient of the liquid under high-pressure condition and low-boil substances using inclined tube, and measurement system was designed and constructed. The kinematic viscosity coefficients of pure water which is the standard substance to calibrate viscosity measurement system were measured to verify the accuracy and reliability of the experimental system. The measurement results show that the absolute average of relative deviations is 0.65%. Then the kinematic viscosity coefficients of the saturated liquid of the low-boil substance, R134a were also measured to detect the measurement system.

关键词： Viscosity

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Physical-chemical Properties of ILs and Applied Fundamental Studies on Fixation of CO2

Physical-chemical Properties of ILs and Applied Fundamental ...

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中国国际绿色化学研讨会(The 8th International Symposium on Green Chemistry in China(8th ISGCC'2007))

作者： Xingmei Lv Xiaoliang Yuan Hongyan He Suojiang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

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Application of high resolution finite difference scheme in direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2007年第5期28卷 859-861页

作者： Ma, Liang-Dong Li, Zeng-Yao Tao, Wen-Quan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

A direct numerical simulation of a fully developed turbulent flow and heat transfer in a square duct is studied based on high resolution finite difference scheme. The flow and temperature fields are obtained at a turbulent Reynolds number of 400 based on the mean friction velocity and the hydraulic diameter, and the Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.71. Two kinds of point-stencil method are used for the spatial derivatives of the pressure Poisson equation, i.e. the second-order and fourth-order central difference, respectively. The results show that satisfactory solutions can be obtained in the present DNS simulation with coarse grids compared with the method of second-order central difference. And the solutions from the two kinds of point-stencil method for pressure Poisson equation are consistent with the second-order central difference being more economical in saving computation time.

关键词： Pipe flow

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