This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the water vaporization in a hot water boiler system. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology was adopted to simulate the transient water evaporation in the boi...
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the water vaporization in a hot water boiler system. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology was adopted to simulate the transient water evaporation in the boiler termed as DZL14-1.25/115/70-AⅡ under the assumption of extreme conditions such as the water pump failure. The results indicated that the average pressure in the pipeline increased from 0.57Mpa to 0.66Mpa (the setting pressure of the safety valve) within 1050s. The pressure increased rapidly with the time increase. The average temperature of hot water changed linearly with time, and the internal thermal deviation of the hot water pipeline in the boiler decreased with time. The internal vaporization phenomenon of the hot water boiler became significant under the extreme condition. The steam flowed upward and accumulated in the upper part of the boiler shell. At 1050s, the vapor volume fraction in the hot boiler was 1.05%, which indicated that the safety valve above the stream shell need to be opened in time after 1050s to ensure the safety of the boiler.
Correction for ‘Efficient transformation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates using bifunctional protic ionic liquids under mild conditions’ by Xianglei Meng et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 3456–3463, DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01165J.
Correction for ‘Efficient transformation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates using bifunctional protic ionic liquids under mild conditions’ by Xianglei Meng et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 3456–3463, DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01165J.
Microalgae have great potential in producing energy-dense and valuable products via thermochemical processes. Therefore, producing alternative bio-oil to fossil fuel from microalgae has rapidly gained popularity due t...
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Hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMS), a new family of hierarchical nano/micro-structured materials, have evoked intensive studies to discover their unique temporal-spatial ordering features. The theoretical understa...
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Hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMS), a new family of hierarchical nano/micro-structured materials, have evoked intensive studies to discover their unique temporal-spatial ordering features. The theoretical understanding of the general synthetic methods of HoMS, i.e. the sequential templating approach (STA), makes it possible to understand, predict, and control the shell formation process. Herein, a mathematical model is established based on the experiment results, which reveal the appearance of concentration waves in the STA. The numerical simulation results not only correspond well to the experimental observations but also explain the regulation methods. Whereby, the underlying physical essence of STA is elucidated, suggesting that HoMS is the concrete representation of the concentration waves. Thereafter the formation of HoMS is not limited to the solid-gas reactions through high-temperature calcination, but could be extended to solution systems under low-temperature conditions.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention due to their unique characteristics and application potentials. Raman spectroscopy, as a rapid and non-destructive probe, exhibits distinct features an...
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Oxide-derived Cu (OD−Cu) featured with surface located sub-20 nm nanoparticles (NPs) created via surface structure reconstruction was developed for electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECO 2 RR). With surface adsorbed hydr...
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Oxide-derived Cu (OD−Cu) featured with surface located sub-20 nm nanoparticles (NPs) created via surface structure reconstruction was developed for electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECO 2 RR). With surface adsorbed hydroxyls (OH ad ) identified during ECO 2 RR, it is realized that OH ad , sterically confined and adsorbed at OD−Cu by surface located sub-20 nm NPs, should be determinative to the multi-carbon (C 2 ) product selectivity. In situ spectral investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that OH ad favors the adsorption of low-frequency *CO with weak C≡O bonds and strengthens the *CO binding at OD−Cu surface, promoting *CO dimerization and then selective C 2 production. However, excessive OH ad would inhibit selective C 2 production by occupying active sites and facilitating competitive H 2 evolution. In a flow cell, stable C 2 production with high selectivity of ∼60 % at −200 mA cm −2 could be achieved over OD−Cu, with adsorption of OH ad well steered in the fast flowing electrolyte.
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