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Analysis of subcooled boiling in PWR rod bundle channel

Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu/Atomic Energy Science and Technology 2015年第9期49卷 1579-1585页

作者： Zhang, Rui Gan, Fu-Jun Zuo, Qiao-Lin Tian, Wen-Xi Su, Guang-Hui Qiu, Sui-Zheng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute Shanghai200233 China

The RPI (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) wall boiling model, embedded in the context of two-fluid model of Fluent14.5, was applied to simulate subcooled boiling in core fuel bundle channel with mixing vanes and space grid. The subcooled boiling key parameters including flow field, temperature field and void fraction distribution were obtained. The analysis of the effect of mixing vanes and space grid on flow channel thermal-hydraulic characteristics was conducted. It is shown that the existence of space grid can cause a large pressure drop, and mixing vanes have a great influence on the key parameters of flow field and temperature field. The results of RPI model show a good agreement with Bartolemei experiment data. ©, 2015, Atomic Energy Press. All right reserved.

关键词： flow fields

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Anchoring Single Nickel Atoms on Carbon-vacant Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第5期38卷 1243-1250页

作者： LIN Zhi ZHANG Zhengqi WANG Yiqing PENG Zhiming WANG Xinxin WANG Ruizhe HUANG Yu-Cheng MENG Fanqi LI Mingtao DONG Chung-Li ZHANG Qinghua GU Lin SHEN Shaohua International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049P.R.China Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei City 25137TaiwanP.R.China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China

Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)has emerged as a promising candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,but its dependence on scarce and high-cost noble metal co-catalysts severely limits its extensive *** will be of great promise to develop non-noble metal single-atom co-catalysts with low-cost and high atom utilization to improve the photocatalytic performance over ***,single Ni atoms are successfully anchored onto carbon-vacant PCN nanosheets(CCN-SANi)via a two-step ammonia thermal treatment and photo-deposition *** calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the optical absorption property and the charge transfer ability of CCN-SANi have been significantly improved with the introduction of single Ni atoms to form Ni-N3 *** comparison to carbon-vacant PCN(CCN)loaded with Ni clusters,the obtained CCN-SANi exhibits 11.4 times increased photocatalytic performance,with the highest hydrogen evolution rate reaching 511μmol/(g·h),which is even 1.7 times higher than that of CCN loaded with Pt *** research proposes an inspiring and reliable strategy to design novel single-atom semiconducting polymers with electronic structures manipulated for efficient photocatalysis.

关键词： Photocatalytic hydgogen evolution Single metal atom Polymeric carbon nitride

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ReaxFF-MD simulation investigation of the degradation pathway of phenol for hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification

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Energy Storage and Saving 2023年第4期2卷 578-585页

作者： Deming Zhang Shaoqi Wang Yu Feng Zixuan Wang Hui Jin School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China Institute of Intelligent Ocean Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering(SKLMF) Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Wastewater from the thermochemical conversion of coal and biomass contains a significant amount of phenolic structures *** degradation of these phenolic compounds to hydrogen-rich gasses can prevent envi-ronmental pollution and save *** water(SCW)gasification of phenol is experimentally studied and a reactive force field molecular dynamics(ReaxFF-MD)simulation is conducted to investigate the catalytic mechanism of Ni/Al2 O3 in the phenol *** experimental results indicate that Ni/Al2 O3 facilitates the conversion of phenol to 1-ethoxy butane via ring opening,which is a crucial step for complete *** ReaxFF-MD simulation demonstrated that Ni facilitates the formation of H3 O free radicals and Ni-phenol inter-mediates.H3 O free radicals can be decomposed into H2 and OH free *** the generated OH free radical and Ni-phenol intermediate promote the ring-opening reaction of *** promotes the direct decomposition of phenol into C1,C2,and C3 fragments,which is beneficial for further complete gasification.

关键词： Supercritical water gasification Phenol degradation Ring opening process ReaxFF-MD

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Preliminary study of coupling CFD code FLUENT and system code RELAP5

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Annals of Nuclear Energy 2014年 73卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Li Xiaoli Wu Dalin Zhang Guanghui Su Wenxi Tian Suizheng Qiu Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

The present paper discusses a coupling strategy of the 3D (three-dimensional) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS-FLUENT with the best estimate 1D (one-dimensional) thermal–hydraulic system code RELAP5/MOD3.1. Preliminarily, by using DLL (Dynamic Link Library) technology and FLUENT UDF (User Defined Functions), an explicit coupling method expected to be able to support the analysis of multi-purpose thermal–hydraulic phenomena in nuclear reactor systems has been developed. Calculations for two test cases using the coupled FLUENT/RELAP5 code have been carried out to test and demonstrate the coupling capability: (i) the first one consisting of single-phase water transient flow in a square straight tube with well controlled mass flow rates; (ii) the second one illustrating the process of single-phase water flow in a system including two closed loops and one vessel, on which loss of loop water flow due to pump trip and increase of loop water temperature are studied. Both reasonable 1D systematic behaviors and 3D distribution information are naturally obtained for the test cases. Besides, a study of a highly transient experiment problem, i.e. Edwards–O’Brien pipe blowdown problem, has been performed by using the coupled FLUENT/RELAP5 code. The results are compared with standalone RELAP5 calculation and available experimental data, which shows the coupled FLUENT/RELAP5 code’s acceptable potential for the capability of analyzing either simple single-phase or complex two-phase flow problem.

关键词： Explicit coupling method DLL FLUENT RELAP5

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Built-In Electric Field in Freestanding Hydroxide/Sulfide Heterostructures for Industrially Relevant Oxygen Evolution

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Wentong Wu Yueshuai Wang Shizhen Song Zhichao Ge Chunyang Zhang Jie Huang Guiren Xu Ning Wang Yue Lu Zhanfeng Deng Haohong Duan Maochang Liu Cheng Tang International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Beijing Institute of Smart Energy Beijing 102209 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P.R. China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China Tsinghua Center for Green Chemical Engineering Electrification Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China Ordos Laboratory Inner Mongolia 017000 P.R. China

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), as a premier technology to massively produce green hydrogen, hinges on outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes with high activity and robust stability under high current densities. However, it is often challenged by issues such as catalytic layer shedding, ion dissolution, and inefficient bubble desorption. Herein, a scalable corrosion-electrodeposition method is presented to synthesize nickel–iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH)/Ni 3 S 2 heterostructures on nickel mesh, tailored to meet the stringent requirements of industrial AWE. The study underscores the critical role of the built-in electric field (BEF) in optimizing electronic properties, curtailing Fe leaching, and enhancing mass transfer. The resultant NiFe-LDH/Ni 3 S 2 heterostructure manifests remarkable OER performance, with ultra-low overpotentials of 202 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and 290 mV at 800 mA cm −2 in 1.0 m KOH at 25 °C, alongside superior steady-state stability and resistance to reverse current under fluctuating conditions. Furthermore, the performance is further validated in an alkaline electrolyzer, achieving a large current density of 800 mA cm −2 at a cell voltage of 1.908 V, while maintaining excellent stability. This work offers a blueprint for the design of efficient OER electrodes for industrially relevant AWE applications.

关键词： Alkaline water electrolysis Built-in electric field Freestanding electrodes Oxygen evolution reaction

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Boiling and two-phase flow phenomena of refrigerant-based nanofluids: Fundamentals, applications and challenges

Boiling and two-phase flow phenomena of refrigerant-based na...

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作者： Cheng, Lixin Liu, Lei School of Engineering University of Portsmouth Anglesea Building Anglesea Road Portsmouth PO1 3DJ United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The study of refrigerant-based nanofluid boiling and two-phase flow phenomena is still in its infancy. This field of research provides many opportunities to study new frontiers but also poses great challenges. To summarize the current status of research in this newly developing interdisciplinary field and to identify the future research needs as well, this paper presents a comprehensive review of nucleate pool boiling, flow boiling, condensation and two-phase flow of refrigerant-based nanofluids. The effects of nanolubricants on boiling and two phase flow phenomena are presented as well. Furthermore, studies of applications and challenges of refrigerant-based nanofluids are presented and future research needs are identified. For the limited studies done so far, there are some controversies from one study to another. Conclusions and contradictions on the available refrigerant-based studies of physical properties, boiling and two phase flow are presented. According to this review, it has been realized that the physical properties have significant effects on the refrigerant-based nanofluid boiling and two-phase flow characteristics but the lack of the accurate knowledge of these physical properties has greatly limited the study in this interdisciplinary field. Furthermore, the limited available experiments and quite contradictive results have limited the understanding of the fundamentals of boiling and two phase flow phenomena. flow regimes are very important in understanding the phenomena but less investigated so far. Apparently it is still a long way to go to achieve systematic fundamental knowledge and theory in the relevant subject. Therefore, effort should be made to contribute to the physical property database of nanofluids as a first priority. Secondly, systematic accurate experiments and flow regime observations on boiling and two-phase flow phenomena under a wide range of test conditions and nanofluid types should be emphasized to understand the fundamentals.

关键词： Two phase flow

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The development of Module In-vessel degraded severe accident Analysis Code MIDAC and the relevant research for CPR1000 during the station blackout scenario

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Progress in Nuclear Energy 2014年 76卷 44-54页

作者： Jun Wang Wenxi Tian Yapei Zhang Lie Chen Longze Li Luteng Zhang Yukun Zhou Guanghui Su Suizheng Qiu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

To meet the domestic demand of software autonomous scheduling, Xi'an Jiaotong University had developed MIDAC (a Module In-vessel degraded severe accident Analysis Code) which can not only analyze the processes of in-vessel severe accident, but also provide the related results of each one. This code was composed of five modules: the early behavior module, the core degradation module, the debris bed module, the melting materials IVR module and the connecting module. In this paper, the basic mathematic-physical models of those modules were briefly introduced. Then, the CPR1000 station blackout scenario severe accident was set as an example to calculate the primary system thermal-hydraulic transient, the core degradation and the debris behavior, as well as the creep rupture of heat structures in primary loop pressure boundary. At last, the accuracy of MIDAC was verified in partial comparison with SCDAP/RELAP5 in primary system thermal-hydraulic transient analyzing part.

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Analytical solution for temperature distribution in functionally graded cylindrical shells under convective cooling

Analytical solution for temperature distribution in function...

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作者： Emamian, Amin Amiri Delouei, Amin Karimnejad, Sajjad Jing, Dengwei International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bojnord Bojnord Iran Mechanical Engineering Department Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran

In the current study, an analytical solution for the temperature distribution in a cylindrical shell that is made of functionally graded material is obtained. The general boundary condition is considered for achieving the solution, and particularly convective cooling plays the dominant role in this problem. The obtained solution is first verified against the numerical data, and then, the credibility of the solution for studying practical problems is tested employing two illustrative test cases with various boundary conditions. Parametric studies are done to evaluate some significant parameters, including material constant, boundary conditions, and convection on temperature distribution. It is seen that boundary condition plays a dominant role in the cooling rate. Material constant does not have a significant effect on the temperature distribution. The current study can be hired to better the design and production process of cylindrical shells made of functionally graded material. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Functionally graded materials

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Experimental investigation of heat transfer for supercritical pressure water flowing in vertical annular channels

Experimental investigation of heat transfer for supercritica...

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作者： Gang, Wu Bi, Qincheng Yang, Zhendong Wang, Han Zhu, Xiaojing Hao, Hou Leung, L.K.H. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Chalk River ON K0J 1J0 Canada

An experiment has recently been completed at Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) to obtain wall-temperature measurements at supercritical pressures with upward flow of water inside vertical annuli. Two annular test sections were constructed with annular gaps of 4 and 6 mm, respectively, and an internal heater of 8 mm outer diameter. Experimental-parameter ranges covered pressures of 23-28 MPa, mass fluxes of 350-1000 kg/m2/s, heat fluxes of 200-1000 kW/m2, and bulk inlet temperatures up to 400 °C. Depending on the flow conditions and heat fluxes, two distinctive heat transfer regimes, referring to as the normal heat transfer and deteriorated heat transfer, have been observed. At similar flow conditions, the heat transfer coefficients for the 6 mm gap annular channel are larger than those for the 4 mm gap annular channel. A strong effect of spiral spacer on heat transfer has been observed with a drastic reduction in wall temperature at locations downstream of the device in the annuli. Two tube-data-based correlations have been assessed against the experimental heat transfer results. The Jackson correlation agrees with the experimental trends and overpredicts slightly the heat transfer coefficients. The Dittus-Boelter correlation is applicable only for the normal heat transfer region but not for the deteriorated heat transfer region. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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MAAP5 simulation of the PWR severe accident induced by pressurizer safety valve stuck-open accident

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Progress in Nuclear Energy 2014年 77卷 141-151页

作者： Longze Li Yapei Zhang Wenxi Tian Guanghui Su Suizheng Qiu State Key Laboratory on Power Engineering and Multiphase Flow School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The Modular Accident Analysis Program version 5 (MAAP5) is a computer code that can simulate the response of light water reactor power plants during severe accident sequences. The present work aims to simulate the severe accident of a typical Chinese pressure water reactor (PWR) with MAAP5. The pressurizer safety valve stuck-open accident is essentially a small break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA), which becomes one of the major concerns on core melt initiating events of the PWR. Six cases with different assumptions in the pressurizer (PZR) safety valves (SVs) stuck-open accident stuck open accident were analyzed for comparison. The results of first three cases show that the severe accident sequence is correlated with the number of the stuck open valve . The primary system depressurized faster in a more SVs stuck open case, and the consequences in which is hence slighter. The remaining 3 cases along with the case 2 were then analyzed to study the effect of operator intervention to the accident. The results show that the auxiliary feed water (AFW) is effective to delay the core degradation and hence delayed the finally system recovery. The high pressure injection (HPI) operation and manually opening the steam generator (SG) SVs are effective to mitigate this kind of severe accident. The results are meaningful and significant for comprehending the detailed process of PWR severe accident, which is the basic standard for establishing the severe accident management guidelines.

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