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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Yanbing Shi, Jinwen Zhuang, Zitong Kang, Xing Mao, Liuhao Li, Yi Jin, Hui Zhao, Qiuyang Guo, Liejin International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Road Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Exploring new system for chemical recycling of plastic is an effective way to convert plastic waste into energy. Herein, the use of supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) to promote the catalytic degradation of polystyrene (PS) with high yield of aromatic oils was proposed. Sc-CO2 provided a homogeneous environment for the reaction, which not only facilitated the swelling of PS, but also inhibited the formation of coke, beneficial for the degradation of PS to aromatic oils. Importantly, CO2 was be consumed as an oxidant to generate new product and reduce greenhouse gas emission. The doped carbon material in NiO, which was stable in Sc-CO2 and had a simple preparation process, enriched the porous structure and increased the acidic sites, thus improving the catalytic activity. Under the co-action of Sc-CO2 and NiO@C, the yield of aromatic oils produced from PS was up to 89.3 ± 0.6 wt% at 300oC with a reaction time of 2 h and a catalyst loading amount of 10 wt%. Moreover, the NiO@C catalyst were used for three cycles without obvious change in the catalytic performance. The efficient catalytic degradation of PS to aromatic oils by Sc-CO2 promoted NiO@C catalysis provides a potential route for simultaneously recycling plastic and sequestering carbon. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 60 1

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丛书名： Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

1000年

作者： N.K. Singh Anirudha Chattopadhyay Eric Lichtfouse

ISBN: (数字)9783031241819

ISBN: (纸本)9783031241802;9783031241833

In the context of rising adverse effects of climate change on agriculture, there is a need for advanced methods and practices to manage soils for production of food and energy. This book presents the latest advances in microbial processes that control plant growth, with focus on genomic tools, microbial interactions with the plant and soils habitats, mobilization of plant nutrients, agricultural waste management, biodegradation, bioremediation, carbon sequestration, land reclamation, plant growth promotion, suppression of plant pathogens, induced systemic resistance and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses.

关键词： Agriculture Microbial Ecology Microbial Ecology

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Numerical Simulation of Low Pressure Natural Gas Injector

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 961-967页

作者： D. T. Chong G. S. Wu S. Q. Liu J. J. Yan J. P. Liu aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bSouthwest Petroleum University China cOil & Gas Technology Research Institute PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company China

The maximum total recovery from all gas wells are highly desired to be got and the production is to be maintained when the gas well reaches the end of its economic life. Although the injector has been known for about one century, sparse investigations have been performed on the injector of natural gas, and no structural optimization on the natural gas injectors has been reported. In the present paper, the structural parameters of natural gas injectors was optimized numerically with the motive pressure ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 MPa, induced pressure ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa and discharged pressure being 1.5 MPa. The numerical results showed that the optimal values of diffuser gradient, mixing tube length to diameter ratio, mixing chamber length to diameter ratio and mixing chamber gradient were 40, 5, 0 and 0.25, respectively. The performance of optimized injectors was also investigated numerically. The motive natural gas flowrate increased linearly with increase of motive pressure and was independent of induced pressure. The induced flowrate and entrainment ratio of natural gas were both increased with the increase of induced pressure.

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Simulation of the PHEBUS FPT-1 experiment using MELCOR and exploration of the primary core degradation mechanism

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Annals of Nuclear Energy 2015年 85卷 193-204页

作者： Jun Wang Michael L. Corradini Wen Fu Troy Haskin Yapei Zhang Wenxi Tian Guanghui Su Suizheng Qiu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China College of Engineering The University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison 53706 United States Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Core degradation evaluation of probability, progression and consequences of a core degradation accident is critical for evaluation of risk as well as its mitigation. However, research and modeling of severe accidents to date are limited, and their accuracy in predicting severe accident consequences is still insufficient. It is therefore important to explore the mechanisms of core degradation and to develop mitigation measures for severe accidents. PHEBUS FPT1 is a typical and classic core degradation experiment. MELCOR is a world famous severe accident analysis code developed by Sandia National Lab that has seen wide application, a broad user base, and a number of supporting experiments. The PHEBUS experiment was simulated using MELCOR in this paper. Experimental data on, thermal power and steam mass flow rates are used to determine average pressure, energy distribution, molten mass, temperature of the fuel, and hydrogen generation. Data from the PHEBUS experiment and Cho’s calculations are used to compare the average pressure, several fuel temperatures and the hydrogen generation rate. The results confirm the validity of MELCOR’s simulation of the PHEBUS experiment. The temperature distribution of the core is provided. These results are used to determine the mode and behavior of core degradation with the intent of building a foundation for further research.

关键词： PHEBUS FPT1 MELCOR Core degradation

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Digital twin modeling and fault diagnosis on the feedwater pump system of thermal power plant

Digital twin modeling and fault diagnosis on the feedwater p...

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Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence (DTPI), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Yugang Liu Chi Luo Chen Chen Zhu Wang Ming Liu Clean Combustion and Flue Gas Purification Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Dongfang Boiler Co. Ltd Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349252

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349269

The high penetration of renewable energy introduces increased volatility into the power system, presenting more challenging peak shaving and frequency modulation missions for thermal power plants that serve as schedulable power sources within the system. Frequent load cycling place higher demands on the operation stability of core power plant equipment and introduce additional safety risks. As the core system of the power cycle, the operational reliability and energy efficiency of the feedwater pump system (FPS) are crucial. Therefore, this paper focuses on the core equipment and parameters of the FPS, developing a digital twin model based on mechanism modeling method and neural network data-driven modeling method. By comparing the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination of simulation parameters of different modeling methods, digital twin parameters with higher simulation accuracy were obtained. Utilizing these predicted parameters, an FPS fault diagnosis model (FFDM) for the FPS was developed. By calculating comprehensive deviation degree and the contribution of each parameter, fault early warning and source tracing were achieved, providing guidance for the closed-loop control.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Data-driven modeling Neural networks Predictive models power system stability Energy efficiency Digital twins Safety power system reliability power generation

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Uncertainty Analysis of FLiNaK Thermophysical Properties on Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics in Circular Tube

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Haoyang Ding, Ming Guo, Zehua Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System & Equipment Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Molten salts have attracted a spate of quantity of interest in energy and chemistry fields due to their large volumetric capacity, and thermodynamic stability at elevated temperatures. However, on account of immature technology and measurement methods, the physical properties of molten salts, such as dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density, have large uncertainties, which will be transported with CFD simulation equations and experimental processes. While present investigations normally focus on thermal-hydraulic characteristics, disregarding the impact of uncertainty on reactor safety. Thus, this paper firstly performs a numerical simulation to investigate the thermal-hydraulic performance of FLiNaK (LiF-NaF-KF, 46.5–11.5–42 mol%) in a horizontal tube using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tool, STAR-CCM+, and validates the applicability of classic correlations for molten salt. Based on this, an uncertainty analysis methodology, polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is carried out to analyze the uncertainty that contributes to the heat transfer characteristic. Three primary physical properties of molten salt are considered as the input parameter, tensor product quadrature nodes are employed in this work to calculate the representative sample points to alleviate the computational expense. The contributions of each parameter to heat transfer are also analyzed by the sobol composition method. Finally, deviations in the experimental post-processing (compared with classic correlations) caused by discrepancies in the selected properties from the actual properties due to uncertainty are also taken into account. The result shows the thermal-hydraulic performance can be nicely modeled and simulated results are in good agreement with widely used correlations. Meanwhile, the consequences of uncertainty analysis suggest that the polynomial chaos expansion methodology is robust and neoteric for molten salt analysis. © 2024, The Authors. All righ

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Fabrication of hybrid super-wettability copper mesh with knife-likeflowers

Fabrication of hybrid super-wettability copper mesh with kni...

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第五届国际仿生工程学术大会(ICBE2016)

作者： H.X.Chen Y.Y Yan Jinliang Xu Linbin Huang The Beijing Key Laboratory on Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer North China Electrical Power University Fluids & Thermal Engineering Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham

The wettability of solid surfaces is very important to fundamental research and practical application. Inspired from species in nature a variety of bionic surfaces with super wettability have been fabricated by lithography, templating, plasma treatment and laser methods. Recent years, metal bionic materials used in heat transfer and their enhancement mechanism have been promising topics, for example superhydrophilic surface was used in boiling enhancement [1]dropwise condensation [2]and heat exchangers[3]and so on. But most metal superwettability surfaces used in heat transfer field were uniform while hybrid wetting substrates always were non-metal like silicon wafer. In this paper, the porous metal that involved in the hot applications was chosen as substrate. Superhydrophilic copper mesh(～0 o) and superhydrophobic copper mesh(～150 o) were fabricated by directly oxidation method and functionalization by trichloro(1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorooctyl) silane respectively, whose wettability can be interconverted by simple operation. After oxidation a layer of knife-like-flower oxide at thickness of 2μm covered the mesh lines. Closed to the substrate several knife sheets interdigitate together and disperse on the top, the gap between the knife sheets on the top of flowers is 100-200 nm. With functionalization by silane, mesh wettability converted from superhydrophilic into superhydrophobic, while, the knife-like flower layer has littler change but blunt edges. Then, a hybrid wettability mesh with inspired from Stenocara Beetle was prepared, which has circle superhydrophilic spots surrounded by hydrophobic background. The hybrid wettability mesh could be widely used in boiling enhancement, water harvesting, biological medicine and other practical applications.

关键词： copper mesh knife-like-flower hybrid wettability

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Energy efficiency evaluation method for plate heat exchanger

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Kexue Tongbao/Chinese Science Bulletin 2016年第8期61卷 802-808页

作者： Zhang, Yanfeng Jiang, Chen Shou, Binan Zhou, Wenxue Bai, Bofeng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Technology Service Center CO. LTD Beijing100011 China LanZhou Guanyu Heat Transfer and Energy Saving Engineering and Technology Research CO. LTD Lanzhou730050 China

In heat exchangers, heat transfer between the cold and the hot fluid consumes pumping power. Evaluating the energy efficiency of this process scientifically and quantitatively is an urgent issue for both academic research and industrial applications, and has important significance to energy saving and emission reduction. We comprehensively analyzed the flow and heat transfer characteristics of water-water heat transfer process without phase-change in a heat exchanger, and proposed the energy efficiency index (=k/pn, k is overall heat transfer coefficient and p is flow pressure gradient). EEI reflects the inherent energy efficiency properties of a heat exchanger, which represents the overall heat transfer coefficient per equivalent flow pressure drop consumption. At a given temperature difference and fluid flow rate, for the heat exchangers with the same heat transfer area and fluid flow length, bigger EEI means a lager heat transfer rate per equivalent pumping power consumption. EEI is independent on the heat transfer area;no dependence or weak dependence on the flow velocity can be achieved by choosing the index n reasonably, indicating a good stability of EEI. Evaluation result based on national standard of heat exchanger performance test measured could represent the energy efficiency of the heat exchanger. Combined with the water-water heat transfer process without phase-change flow and heat transfer performance database of the plate heat exchangers, the value of index n and the overall EEI distribution of plate heat exchangers in industry are obtained, providing a basis for the classification of the energy efficiency of plate heat exchangers. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Heat exchangers

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Mimicking the Stenocara Beetle——bumpy shell with hybrid wettability to harvest water by modified foam coppers

Mimicking the Stenocara Beetle——bumpy shell with hybrid we...

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第五届国际仿生工程学术大会(ICBE2016)

作者： H.X.Chen Y.Y.Yan The Beijing Key Laboratory on Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer North China Electrical Power University Fluids & Thermal Engineering Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham

For centuries, water has been a limited resource especially in arid regions, and nature has adapted to provide survival methods for species inhabiting. Stenocara beetles can collect water from morning fog using its bumpy shell, an array of hydrophilic bumps surrounded by hydrophobic background exactly. Dorrer et al, Lee et al and other researches studied kinds of patterned superhydrophobic and superhydrophilc surfaces to prove which bump surface has best water harvesting performance. Obviously, drainage, temperature difference, wind velocity, surface pattern et al are all key factors, but most samples in their studies are solid substrates with a layer microstructure. There are three common grounds:（1） with spraying of fluid almost condensate is blocked on the surface to form a film which weaken the effect of surface pattern to condensation process.（2） draining efficiency of condensate directly determines the performance of next generation, while, condensate mainly relies on gravity and flows away along the substrate surface at a low velocity,（3） more attention is focused on the microstructures on the surface with neglect of cooperation with macro scale of *** this paper, copper foam with the controllable pore structures is chosen to harvest water. After superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic treatments copper foam with hybrid wettability is fabricated with inspiring from the stenocara beetle. As previous reported porous metal with a superhydrophilic wettability could absorb a droplet away instantly, this can be used in the drainage system during water collection. Cooperating multi-layer cooper foams with different wettability and an independent drainage, a novel water collector is designed. When wind blows through the porous structure with less pressure decrease a droplet is generated on the surface of copper foam with certain temperature difference. Meantime, condensate is quickly sucked away by latter superhydrophilica foam then collected. At last, the eff

关键词： harvest water metal foam drainage

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Experimental Study of Liquid Immersion Cooling for Different Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Rapid Charging Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Lv, Jizu Hu, Chengzhi Gao, Linsong Peng, Chunyang Li, Yulong Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

In this study, the fluorinated liquid immersion cooling scheme has been proposed and tested for cooling the six different types of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under fast charging conditions. SF33, with the boiling point of 33.4 °C, is chosen as the fluorinated liquid for the immersion cooling. Firstly, the voltage and temperature responses of LIBs under fast charging conditions with natural convection and SF33 immersion cooling were explored. It is found that the SF33 immersion cooling has a significant advantage over natural convection on controlling the battery temperature, thus ensuring the stability and safety of LIBs in the fast charging process. Subsequently, the high-speed photography was used to observe the bubble behaviors in the cooling process of SF33, and the heat transfer mechanism in the two-phase heat transfer process corresponding to immersion cooling of LIB was preliminary analyzed and discussed. It can be concluded that when the charging current is higher, the phenomenon of subcooled boiling as well as saturation boiling is generated in the SF33. The transition from single-phase convective heat transfer to boiling heat transfer greatly increases the heat transfer coefficient. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Liquids

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