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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tian, Jiameng Kong, Lingwen Li, Bufa Wang, Junfeng Chen, Bin Xiong, Junhui School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China

Electrospray (ES) cooling that relies on Coulomb forces for energy-efficient liquid atomization is promising to meet the requirement of high-heat-flux thermal dissipation for micro-sized electronics under relative low... 详细信息

关键词： Ethanol

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Solution chemistry back‐contact FTO/hematite interface engineering for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第5期43卷 1247-1257页

作者： Karen Cristina Bedin Beatriz Mouriño Ingrid Rodríguez-Gutiérrez João Batista Souza Junior Gabriel Trindade dos Santos Jefferson Bettini Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Costa Lionel Vayssieres Flavio Leandro Souza The National Nanotechnology Laboratory(LNNANO) Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials(CNPEM)Campinas 13083‐970Brazil Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas(CCNH) Federal University of ABC(UFABC)Santo André09210580Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS) Rio Grande do SulBrazil International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass(FTO)and photoactive thin films such as hematite for low‐cost water oxidation ***‐resolution electron microscopy(SEM,TEM,STEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),elemental chemical mapping(EELS,EDS)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)investigations reveal that the mechanical stress,lattice mismatch,electron energy barrier,and voids between FTO and hematite at the back‐contact interface as well as short‐circuit and detrimental reaction between FTO and the electrolyte can be alleviated by engineering the chemical composition of the precursor solutions,thus increasing the overall efficiency of these low‐cost photoanodes for water oxidation reaction for a clean and sustainable generation of hydrogen from PEC water‐*** findings are of significant importance to improve the charge collection efficiency by minimizing electron‐hole recombination observed at back‐contact interfaces and grain boundaries in mesoporous electrodes,thus improving the overall efficiency and scalability of low‐cost PEC water splitting devices.

关键词： Nanostructure Iron oxide Water oxidation Photoanode Surface engineering Chemical synthesis

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Experimental study of natural convection in horizontally-positioned open-celled metal foams

Experimental study of natural convection in horizontally-pos...

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International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment

作者： Z. G. XU Z. G. QU C. Y. ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847498

Experimental study of air natural convection in horizontally-positioned copper metallic foams with open cells was conducted. Temperature distributions on the heating surface were tested under different heating power for foam samples having different porosities and pore densities. The effects of porosity and pore density on the total thermal resistance of the foam sample were quantified. It is found that the porous surface can enhance the natural convection and reduce the thermal resistance by about 20% in comparison with a smooth surface. The surface area density and mass flow rate in natural convection are affected by porosity and pore density simultaneously. When the porosity is relative small (ε = 90%), there exits a critical value of the Gr number (turning point) for two pore densities (10ppi and 40ppi). When the Gr number is less than this critical value, the foam with a higher pore density has the lower total thermal resistance, whereas when the Gr number exceeds the turning point value, the opposite holds. If the porosity is increased to ε = 95%, the foam with a higher pore density has the lower thermal resistance in the whole experimental range. When the porosity and pore density is the same, the foam with smaller size has the higher thermal resistance in the whole experimental range. If the size is relatively small (100×100×50mm), for the two pore densities studied (20ppi and 80ppi), there exits a critical value of the Gr number (turning point). The foam with a lower porosity (ε = 90%) has the lower thermal resistance and the decrease is more obvious for the case of 80ppi. If the size is relatively big(100×100×80mm), there exists a critical value of the Gr number (turning point) only for the case of 10ppi. When the Gr number is less than this critical value, the foam with a higher porosity (ε = 95%) has the higher total thermal resistance, the opposite holds. While for the other two pore densities (20ppi and 40ppi), there is no turning point. The foam with

关键词： Metal foam Natural convection Porosity Pore density Thermal resistance

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Optimal heat transfer criterion and inclination angle effects on non-boiling regime spray cooling

Optimal heat transfer criterion and inclination angle effect...

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IEEE Symposium on Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management (SEMI-THERM)

作者： Yong-xian Guo Zhi-fu Zhou Jian-yuan Jia Shao-rong Zhou School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China Intel Asia-Pacific Research and Development Limited Shanghai China

Based on the maximum CHF (critical heat flux) criterion, an optimal heat transfer criterion, which is called H criterion, was proposed. Experimental apparatuses were conducted. Distilled water was used as the working fluid. Three different DANFOSS nozzles with cone angles being 54deg, 50deg and 54deg respectively were used to cool a 30times30 mm 2 square copper surface. Experimental results indicated that the volumetric fluxes were pro-portioned to P 0.5 , where P is the pressure drop across the nozzles. The optimal distance between the nozzles and the heated surface were derived. The results indicated that the optimal heat transfer appeared while the outside of the impellent thin spray film inscribed in the square heated surface. Based on the H criterion aforementioned, two DANFOSS nozzles of the three were used to study the temperature distribution of the heated surface experimentally while there were spray inclination angles. Distilled water was also used impacting on the 30times30 mm 2 square copper surface aforementioned and a circular heated copper surface with diameters being 30 mm respectively. The heat flux of the surface was kept in constant (about 26-35 W/cm 2 ). The inclination angles were 0deg, 10deg, 20deg, 30deg, 40deg and 50deg respectively. Experimental results indicated that the grads of the temperature of the surface increases first and then decreases with the increase of the inclination angle.

关键词： Heat transfer Spraying Temperature Electronics cooling Coolants Heat engines Copper Uncertainty Water heating Space exploration

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fEffect of alkali and alkaline metals on gas formation behavior and kinetics during pyrolysis of pine wood

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Fuel 2021年 290卷

作者： Li, Jinhu Burra, Kiran G. Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Xuan Gupta, Ashwani K. The Combustion Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei430074 China College of Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou450001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

This study examines the acid and alkaline treatment of pine wood to help understand the effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) content on the pyrolysis behavior at different temperatures. Acid and alkali pretreatment of pine wood were conducted to modify AAEMs content by ion-exchanging method. Thermal kinetic behavior of the pretreated samples was first conducted by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at different heating rates that provided activation energies of pyrolysis. Gas formation behavior of the samples for different extents of conversion was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at two different temperatures of 823 K and 1073 K. Evolutionary behavior of the gas components during pyrolysis, including flow rate, and yield and their energy content were measured and compared. Results showed that the values of activation energies increased with the extent of conversion for all the pretreated samples examined. The effect of AAEMs on pyrolysis behavior of biomass varied with the extent of conversion. The presence of AAEMs in biomass decreased the decomposition energy at low conversion while it greatly improved under high conversion. Besides, alkali treated sample with higher AAEM content enhanced the gas and char yield while it reduced the bio-oil production at low temperature with low conversion. However, at high temperature the opposite trend was observed. Presence of AAEMs was favorable for the generation of H2, CO, CO2 and CnHm at low temperature, while it showed an inhibition effect on CO and CnHm yield and syngas energy at high temperature. The catalytic mechanism of AAEMs on the pyrolysis behavior at different temperatures was discussed based on activation energy and gaseous formation. Results revealed decomposition of carboxylate at low temperature and formation of stable biomass-Na (BM-Na) structure at high temperature that led to the variation of activation energy and changed gaseous products yield and syngas energy. Acid washing pretreatment wa

关键词： Activation energy

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Synchronized Measurement Method of Burning Rate and Combustion Temperature of Solid Propellant Specimen

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ni, Hu Fan, Rong Hu, Haihang Yang, Bin Wang, Zhixin Cao, Di Yang, Yang Shi, Zhiquan School of Energy and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Space Propulsion Technology Research Institute Shanghai201109 China

To characterize solid propellant combustion, the measurement method of burning rate and combustion temperature of solid propellant specimen is developed that simultaneously combines shadow and radiation imaging methods. Shadow and radiation images of solid propellant specimen combustion are simultaneously captured by using light splitting and wavelength filtering imaging measurement system. Burning rate and combustion temperature of solid propellant specimen are synchronized obtained by burning surface identification and radiation image temperature measurement algorithm. Measurement accuracies of burning rate and combustion temperature of solid propellant specimen are validated by other independent measurement methods. Compared with target-line measurement method, the burning rate measurement relative deviation is less than 3.1%. Compared with thermocouple measurement, the temperature measurement relative deviation is less than 1.7%. On this basis, the synchronized measurements of burning rate and combustion temperature of different formulations of solid propellant specimens under different working conditions are carried out. The results show that burning rate and combustion temperature are important characterization parameters of solid propellant combustion performance. For a certain formula solid propellant specimen, the burning rate can be greatly increased by increasing the pressure, but the combustion temperature is not much increased. Therefore, the synchronized measurement of burning rate and combustion temperature can provide more direct data support for the evaluation of solid propellant combustion performance. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid propellants

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Design and Simulation of a New Type of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Trapezoidal Slit Fins

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Tianjiao Su, Mengyang Zhang, Hua Liu, Chuang Ouyang, Xinping School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Slit fin-and-tube heat exchangers are extensively utilized in industry, and optimizing the fin structure is conducive for improving energy efficiency and reducing energy losses. Therefore, a heat exchanger featuring trapezoidal slit fins was proposed in this study. To determine the structure of the slit fins, physical and mathematical models of the heat exchanger with a fin spacing Fp of 2.65 mm were established. We used a numerical simulation to investigate the structural parameters of the fin-and-tube heat exchanger, including the slit height Sh, slit width Sw, transverse tube spacing Pt, and longitudinal tube spacing Pl. Based on the simulation results, the effects of the four structural parameters on the comprehensive performance were evaluated. Additionally, the optimal parameter combination was determined through an orthogonal test, resulting in the following values: Sh = 1.47 mm, Sw = 4 mm, Pt = 42 mm, and Pl = 27.5 mm. This study provides significant theoretical and practical guidance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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Conducting Polymers Meet Lithium-Sulfur Batteries:Progress,Challenges,and Perspectives

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第5期6卷 159-182页

作者： Xin Chen Chengcheng Zhao Kai Yang Shiyi Sun Jinxin Bi Ningrui Zhu Qiong Cai Jianan Wang Wei Yan Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery Department of Environmental EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK College of Arts College of Landscape Architecture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350108China Department of Chemical&Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted increased interest because of the high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental *** polymers(CPs),as one of the most promising materials used in Li-S batteries,can not only facilitate electron transfer and buffer the large volumetric change of sulfur benefiting from their porous structure and excellent flexibility,but also enable stronger physical/chemical adsorption capacity toward polysulfides(LiPSs)when doped with abundant heteroatoms to promote the sulfur redox kinetics and achieve the high sulfur *** review firstly introduces the properties of various CPs including structural CPs(polypyrrole(PPy),polyaniline(PANi),polyethylene dioxothiophene[PEDOT])and compound CPs(polyethylene oxide(PEO),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and poly(acrylic acid)[PAA]),and their application potential in Li-S ***,the research progress of various CPs in different components(cathode,separator,and interlayer)of Li-S batteries is systematically ***,the application perspective of the CPs in Li-S batteries as a potential guidance is comprehensively discussed.

关键词： conducting polymers Li-S batteries modified materials polysulfides

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Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters

Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow...

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作者： Ji, Jieqiang Zheng, Jianying Chen, GuoFu Wu, Xiaojie Zhang, NingNing Fang, Yan Cheng, Leming Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology Hangzhou310018 China National Centre of Quality Supervision and Testing on Liquid Flow Measuring Instruments Hangzhou310018 China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

CFD modelling and experiments are carried out to study the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters. The swirl generator and flow disturber are selected to change the flow field distributions inside the pipe. The calculation results show that the installation of left-handed swirl generator induces a specific flow pattern of the fluid inside the pipe, while the installation of flow disturber leads to the distortion of the axial velocity distributions. The critical distance of the fluid reaching the steady flow is 10D for left-handed swirl generator and flow disturber. In the experiment part, six different ultrasonic water meters are selected for the intrinsic errors tests. The results show that the installations of swirl generator and flow disturber induce the intrinsic errors shift to negative values. Compared with the flow disturber, the swirl generator has greater impact on the measurement accuracy. © 2021

关键词： flow fields

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The Advances of Post-combustion CO 2 Capture with Chemical Solvents: Review and Guidelines

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Energy Procedia 2014年 63卷 1339-1346页

作者： Xiaomei Wu Yunsong Yu Zhen Qin Zaoxiao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road 710049 P.R. China

Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas that contributes to the global warming more than 60%. Carbon dioxide from power plants is one of the main sources. Therefore it is essential to reduce the CO 2 emission from power plant flue gas. Post- combustion carbon capture is the optimal choice in near-to meddle-term, since it does not need to change the configuration of the power plants essentially. Chemical absorption with amine-based solvents is currently the state-of-the-art technology for post- combustion carbon capture. This paper introduces the typical CO 2 amine absorption process and analyses the main problems during the absorption process. To make the process more efficient, several improvements were investigated: increasing gas-liquid contacting area, searching for new type of reactant, and dilution of the aqueous fraction with organic liquids. The present study aims to summarize the improvements in amine scrubbing process for CO 2 capture and forecast the promising research directions in the future.

关键词： CO 2 emission post-combustion capture chemical absorption absorbents

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