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Insight into the Interconversions of Three-Phase Products Through the Supercritical Water Gasification of Bark

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ge, Hui Yi, Lei Huang, Yong Peng, Pai Cao, Wen Chen, Yunan Qi, Xingang Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'An710049 China International Institute for Innovation Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Jiangxi 341000 China Suzhou Academy Xi’an Jiaotong University No.99 Ren’ai Road Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China

The clean and efficient utilization of biomass waste for hydrogen production conforms to social development in the future. In this work, hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of fir bark (FB) was investigated systematically at various reaction temperatures (500–750 °C), feedstock concentrations (5%–15%), and retention time (0–40 min). The gaseous, liquid, and solid products were analyzed comprehensively to determine the gasification mechanism. The results demonstrated that FB was the alternative feedstock for hydrogen production. The maximum CE and H2 selectivity of 95.34% and 0.99 were obtained at 700 °C-5%-40 min. High reaction temperature and prolonging retention time accelerated the conversions of phenolic compounds in liquid products and functional groups in solid products. High feedstock concentration also resulted in the bond-making between functional groups in solid products. The reaction mechanism was proposed based on the components of gaseous and liquid products and the variations of functional groups in solid products. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen production

Sacos-Plate: A New Thermal-Hydraulic Subchannel Analysis Code for Plate Type Fuel Assemblies

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sun, Ruiyu Wang, Jianjun Wang, Jinshun Chen, Ronghua Jiang, Xing Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Gui, Minyang Harbin Engineering University China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University China State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research Design Institute Shanghai China

Over the past few decades, plate-type fuel elements have been widely used in advanced research reactors, small modular pressurized water reactors, production reactors, etc., with the advantages of compact structure arrangement, good heat transfer characteristics and high fuel consumption. Currently, a thermal-hydraulic subchannel analysis code, namely SACOS-PLATE code, was newly designed to satisfy the calculation of different types of plate fuel elements under various steady-state operating conditions. Based on the original SACOS code, this updated version modifies the flow distribution model, the plate heat conduction model, the heat distribution model as well as the flow heat transfer model, and then realizes the simulation of the special thermal-hydraulic phenomena of the fuel and the rectangular flow channel. In this present study, the RA-6 experimental data was used to validate the code, and the simulation calculation was performed on the JRR-3 research reactor, which proved the good computing capability of SACOS-PLATE code. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plates (structural components)

Chemical looping based ammonia production--A promising pathway for production of the noncarbon fuel

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Science Bulletin 2022年第20期67卷 2124-2138,M0004页

作者： Qinghua Lai Tianyi Cai Shik Chi Edman Tsang Xia Chen Runping Ye Zhenghe Xu Morris D.Argyle Dong Ding Yongmei Chen Jianji Wang Armistead G.Russell Ye Wu Jian Liu Maohong Fan College of Engineering and Applied Science University of WyomingLaramie WY 82071USA School of Energy and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Wolfson Catalysis Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxford Ox13QRUK College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta T6G1H9Canada Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvo UT 84602USA Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID83415USA College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBejing 100029China School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta GA 30332USA MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials Department of Chemical and Process Engineeringand Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuilford Surrey GU27XH UK

Ammonia, primarily made with Haber-Bosch process developed in 1909 and winning two Nobel prizes, is a promising noncarbon fuel for preventing global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. However,the undesired characteristics of the process, including high carbon footprint, necessitate alternative ammonia synthesis methods, and among them is chemical looping ammonia production(CLAP) that uses nitrogen carrier materials and operates at atmospheric pressure with high product selectivity and energy efficiency. To date, neither a systematic review nor a perspective in nitrogen carriers and CLAP has been reported in the critical area. Thus, this work not only assesses the previous results of CLAP but also provides perspectives towards the future of CLAP. It classifies, characterizes, and holistically analyzes the fundamentally different CLAP pathways and discusses the ways of further improving the CLAP performance with the assistance of plasma technology and artificial intelligence(AI).

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Chemical looping Nitrogen carrier Renewable fuels Energy carrier

Theoretical insights into the hydrophobicity of low index CeO2 surfaces

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arXiv

arXiv 2019年

作者： Fronzi, Marco N. Assadi, M. Hussein Hanaor, Dorian A.H. International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’anShaanxi710049 China 1-1 Namiki TsukubaIbaraki305-0044 Japan Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials Institute for Materials Science and Technology Technische Universität Berlin Berlin10653 Germany

The hydrophobicity of CeO2 surfaces is examined here. Since wettability measurements are extremely sensitive to experimental conditions, we propose a general approach to obtain contact angles between water and ceria surfaces of specified orientations based on density functional calculations. In particular, we analysed the low index surfaces of this oxide to establish their interactions with water. According to our calculations, the CeO2 (111) surface was the most hydrophobic with a contact angle of Θ = 112.53° followed by (100) with Θ = 93.91°. The CeO2 (110) surface was, on the other hand, mildly hydrophilic with Θ = 64.09°. By combining our calculations with an atomistic thermodynamic approach, we found that the O terminated (100) surface was unstable unless fully covered by molecularly adsorbed water. We also identified a strong attractive interaction between the hydrogen atoms in water molecules and surface oxygen, which gives rise to the hydrophilic behaviour of (110) surfaces. Interestingly, the adsorption of water molecules on the lower-energy (111) surface stabilises oxygen vacancies, which are expected to enhance the catalytic activity of this plane. The findings here shed light on the origin of the intrinsic wettability of rare earth oxides in general and CeO2 surfaces in particular and also explain why CeO2 (100) surface properties are so critically dependant on applied synthesis methods. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

Liquid mean velocity and turbulence in a horizontal air-water bubbly flow

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2003年第2期000卷

作者： YANG Jian ZHANG Ming-Yuan ZHANG Chao-Jie SU Yu-Liang The State Key Lab of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049

The liquid phase turbulent structure of an air-water bubbly horizontal flow in a circular pipe has been investigated experimentally. Three-dimensional measurements were implemented with two "X" type probes oriented in different planes, and local liquid-phase velocities and turbulent stresses were simultaneously obtained. Systematic measurements were conducted covering a range of local void fraction from 0 to 11.7%. The important experiment results and parametric trends are summarized and discussed.

关键词： Air-water bubbly flow Hot-film anemometry Liquid velocity Turbulence

Corrosion Behavior of Low Carbon 9cr-Ods Steel in High Temperature Oxygen-Saturated Lead-Bismuth Eutectic

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yang, Chongdou Xu, Yuwen Yun, Di Zhao, Bingyao Liu, Wenguan Gao, Rui Xie, Shijing Qiu, Jie School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai519082 China

The corrosion behavior of low-carbon 9Cr-ODS steel were carried out in oxygen saturated LBE. It was found that the thickness of the oxide film increased with increasing corrosion time, but the growth rate gradually slows down with increasing time. TEM and XRD results show that the main structure of the oxide layer formed on 9Cr-ODS steel is multilayered structure, consist of an (Fe,Cr)3O4 spinel inner layer, mixed with some nano precipites FeCr2O4, Cr3O4, Mn3O4 and morphous at the grain boundaries, nanocrystal transition layer and a Fe3O4 outer layer. The corrosion mechanism of 9Cr-ODS steel in liquid LBE is discussed. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Manganese oxide

Experimental study on steam plume and temperature distribution for sonic steam jet

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期147卷

作者： Xinzhuang Wu Junjie Yan Wenjun Li Dongdong Pan Ying Li State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P.R.China

The sonic steam jet in subcooled water was investigated experimentally over a wide range of steam mass flux and water temperature conditions. Four different steam plume shapes were observed in present test conditions, and the condensation form was mainly controlled by the steam mass flux and water temperature. Moreover, the unstable jet was observed on the condition of low steam mass flux and high water temperature. The transition criterion of unstable-stable jet was also given. The temperature fields in the steam plume and in the surrounding water were measured. Axial temperature distributions represented the four typical steam plumes, and the fluctuation of axial temperature confirmed the existence of expansion and compression waves. Additionally, the radial temperature distributions were independent of water temperature for small radial distance at nozzle exit, and further the axial location was apart from the nozzle exit, longer the radial distance affected by the momentum diffusion.

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Rapid calculation for density of water and steam on p-T thermodynamic surface

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Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and engineering 2012年第SUPPL.期20卷 190-198页

作者： An, Bin Wang, Xiaodong Duan, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhixue State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MOE Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper develops a rapid calculation method for thermodynamic properties of water and steam on p-T thermodynamic surface with 273.16K

关键词： Steam

Two-Phase flow Dynamics in the Coupling Region of Gas Diffusion Layer and Patterned Wettability Metal Foam flow Field in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lv, Xuecheng Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Gao, Linsong Lyu, Jizu Li, Yang Yang, Yunjie Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China School of Mechanical Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China

In this study, the 3D structures of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and metal foam flow field (MFF) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were reconstructed by X-ray computed tomography, and the two-phase flow in the GDL-MFF coupling region was simulated by phase-field Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A comparative analysis of the two-phase flow characteristics was conducted between hydrophobic metal foam (HMF) and patterned wettable metal foam (PWMF). The effect of the wettability and size of the hydrophilic regions in PWMF was investigated. The results demonstrate that PWMF offers several advantages, including rapid removal of liquid water at the GDL-MFF interface, low liquid water coverage at the GDL-MFF interface, enhanced vertical gas convection in the GDL, low and stable pressure drop in the MFF, stable gas turbulent intensity in the MFF, and a more uniform gas velocity distribution. However, PWMF may slow down the transport of liquid water from the GDL to the MFF, increase the water saturation in the GDL, and reduce the drainage rate of the flow field. Proper adjustment of the contact angle and size of the hydrophilic regions in PWMF can alleviate these drawbacks. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Two phase flow