The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures,initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flam...
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The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures,initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flame in a constant volume combustion *** on the analysis of stretched flame propagation speed and stretch rate,the laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of iso-butanol-air flames are *** accordance,with photos of flame,an analysis of flame stability and the influencing factors is carried *** results show that the laminar burning velocity is decreased with the increase of initial pressure and is increased with the increase of initial *** maximum value of laminar burning velocity is presented at the equivalence ratio of *** Markstein length is decreased with the increase of equivalence *** specified equivalence ratio,the Markstein length is decreased with the increase of initial temperature and initial ***,the flame instability is increased with the increase of equivalence ratio,initial temperature and initial pressure.
NiFe(oxy)hydroxide(NiFeOOH)is recognized as a highly active non-precious metal catalyst in alkaline water electrolysis due to its exceptional catalytic *** this work,high valence molybdenum(Mo)is introduced to improve...
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NiFe(oxy)hydroxide(NiFeOOH)is recognized as a highly active non-precious metal catalyst in alkaline water electrolysis due to its exceptional catalytic *** this work,high valence molybdenum(Mo)is introduced to improve the electronic structure and enhance the electrical conductivity of NiFeOOH for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The introduction of Mo results in a Mo-doped NiFeOOH catalyst with a significantly reduced overpotential of 205 mV at 10 mA/cm^(2)and a Tafel slope of 31.7 mV/dec,enabling stable operation for up to 170 *** empirical experiment and theory simulations are employed to gain insight into the 3d-electron interactions between molybdenum and nickel(Ni),iron(Fe)in Mo-doped *** results indicate that Mo-doping enhances the valence states of Ni and Fe,leading to a shift in the d-band center of the bimetallic active *** modification affects the transformation of Mo-doped NiFeOOH into theγ-NiFeOOH active *** potent combination lends credence to its potential suitability and utility in OER applications.
When injectors are used in petroleum industries or sea water desalination system, it is a special case that the induced gas is accompanied by water, the ejector is in two-phase operation. In the present study, the eje...
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Woven wire screen matrix heat exchanger (WSMHE) is a kind of compact, light-weight and high-efficiency matrix heat exchanger (MHE) for cryogenic applications. This paper presented a numerical model for the design and ...
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Combustion characteristics of premixed diethyl ether-air mixtures were studied at different equivalence ratios and elevated initial pressures using schlieren photography and spherically propagating flame. Laminar burn...
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Combustion characteristics of premixed diethyl ether-air mixtures were studied at different equivalence ratios and elevated initial pressures using schlieren photography and spherically propagating flame. Laminar burning velocities, Markstein number and critical radii at onset of cellular structure were obtained. The results show that an increase in initial pressure leads to a decrease in the unstretched laminar burning velocities. Laminar burning velocities give their peak values at the equivalence ratio of 1.1. Markstein number decrease with the increase of initial pressure and equivalence ratio, indicating that the instability of flame front is increased with the increase of initial pressure and equivalence ratio. The critical radii at onset of cellular flame structure are decreased with the increase of initial pressure.
In order to investigate the effect of inclination angle on the spatial distribution of phases, experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in an inclined pipe were carried out by using the optical probe and an EKTAP...
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In order to investigate the effect of inclination angle on the spatial distribution of phases, experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in an inclined pipe were carried out by using the optical probe and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer. It has been demonstrated that the inclination angle and the mixture velocity are important parameters to influence the distribution of void fraction for upward slug flow in the inclined pipe. At high mixture velocity, the gas phase profile is axial symmetry in the cross-section of the pipe. This is similar to that for vertical slug flow. In contrast, most of the gas phase is located near the upper pipe wall at low mixture velocity. By measuring the axial variation of void fraction along the liquid slug, it can be concluded that there is a high void fraction wake region with length of 3～4D in the front of liquid slug. In the fully developed zone of liquid slug, the peak value of the void fraction is near the upper wall.
The study puts forward a forced way to realize phase isolation by using a static cyclone device and provides a basis for a systematic study of the phase-isolation phenomenon for an oil-water two-phase flow in a vertic...
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Addition of nitroalkanes into n-alkanes can lower the activation barriers of free-radical production and acceler- ate the decomposition of n-alkanes at relatively low temperatures. Four initial decomposition mechanism...
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Addition of nitroalkanes into n-alkanes can lower the activation barriers of free-radical production and acceler- ate the decomposition of n-alkanes at relatively low temperatures. Four initial decomposition mechanisms of the n-butane/nitroethane binary mixture were proposed for the promoting effect and considered theoretically at the B3LYP, BB1K, BMK, MPW1K, and M06-2X levels with MG3S basis set. Energetics above was compared to high-level CBS-QB3 and G4 calculations. Calculated results confirm the feasibility of the four initial decomposition pathways： （I） the C--NO2 bond rupture of nitroethane to produce ethyl and .NO2, （II） HONO elimination from nitroethane followed by decomposition to .OH and .NO, （1II） rearrangement of nitroethane to ethyl nitrite which further dissociates into CH3CH20. and .NO, and （IV） direct hydrogen-abstraction ofnitroethane with n-butane.
Formic acid(FA)is a potential biomass resource of syngas with contents of carbon monoxide(CO,60 wt.%)and hydrogen(H_(2),4.4 wt.%).Among the technologies for FA conversion,the photoreforming of FA has received widespre...
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Formic acid(FA)is a potential biomass resource of syngas with contents of carbon monoxide(CO,60 wt.%)and hydrogen(H_(2),4.4 wt.%).Among the technologies for FA conversion,the photoreforming of FA has received widespread attention due to its use of green solar energy conversion technology and mild reaction ***,a V-W bimetallic solid solution,V_(x)W_(1-x)N_(1.5) with efficient co-catalytic properties was first and facilely *** CdS was used as a photocatalyst,the activity performance of the V_(0.1)W_(0.9)N_(1.5) system was over 60%higher than that of the W_(2)N_(3) *** computational simulations and experiments showed the V_(0.1)W_(0.9)N_(1.5) had great metallic features and large work functions,contributing a faster photo-generated carrier transfer and less recombination,finally facilitating a great performance in cocatalyst for syngas production in photoreforming *** work provides an approach to synthesizing novel transition metal nitrides for photocatalysis.
The Molten Salt Reactor （MSR）, one of the ‘Generation Ⅳ＇ concepts, is a liquid-fuel reactor, which is different from the conventional reactors using solid fissile materials due to the flow effect of fuel salt. Th...
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The Molten Salt Reactor （MSR）, one of the ‘Generation Ⅳ＇ concepts, is a liquid-fuel reactor, which is different from the conventional reactors using solid fissile materials due to the flow effect of fuel salt. The study on its neutronics considering the fuel salt flow, which is the base of the thermal-hydraulic calculation and safety analysis, must be done. In this paper, the theoretical model on neutronics under steady condition for a single-liquid-fueled MSR is conducted and calculated by numerical method. The neutronics model consists of two group neutron diffusion equations for fast and thermal neutron fluxes, and balance equations for six-group delayed neutron precursors considering the flow effect of fuel salt. The spatial discretization of the above models is based on the finite volume method, and the discretization equations are computed by the source iteration method. The distributions of neutron fluxes and the distributions of the delayed neutron precursors in the core are obtained. The numerical calculated results show that, the fuel salt flow has little effect on the distribution of fast and thermal neutron fluxes and the effective multiplication factor; however, it affects the distribution of the delayed neutron precursors significantly, especially the long-lived one. In addition, it could be found that the delayed neutron precursors influence the neutronics slightly under the steady condition.
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