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Capacitance probe for water holdup measurement in crude oil-water flows

Measurement: Sensors 2020年 10-12卷

作者： Zheng, Xuebo Yang, Bo Bai, Bofeng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Water holdup in crude oil-water flows is a crucial parameter to identify flow patterns or monitor the flow process in oil production. It has been increasingly important to accurately predict water holdup. Due to the simple structure and robust performance, capacitance probes have been widely used in experimental research and industrial application. In this paper, we proposed a water holdup measurement device based on a capacitance probe for crude oil-water flows. The measurement principle lies in the fact that the output capacitance is proportional to the part of the probe immersed in water. It was found that when inserted into crude oil, the surface of the probes will absorb hydrocarbons and form an oil film covering the probes. The formed oil film will reduce the sensitivity of the output capacitance to the water layer height. The thicker the film the lower the sensitivity. We examined the parameters that affect the thickness of the formed oil film and found that the thickness is mainly dependent on temperature and water holdup. The higher the temperature the thinner the formed oil film. The reason is that an increase of temperature leads to a decrease of viscosity. In addition, as the temperature approached about 50 °C, the thickness is nearly unchanged. As for the water holdup, at low temperatures the effect is considerable. At relatively high temperatures, the effect is minor and can be neglected. The experimental results showed that the capacitance probes have the highest sensitivity at about 50 °C. We designed and manufactured a prototype of the measurement device. The probes were inserted with heating wires to heat the crude oil near the probes and the current was controlled by an integrated circuit to maintain the temperature at about 50 °C. The field test showed that the natural gas entrained in the production fluids caused the device to under-predict the water holdup. After gas-liquid separation, the prediction errors were within ±6%. © 2020 The Author

关键词： Crude oil

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Coupling Effect of Heat Transfer and flow Resistance in the Rifled Tube Water Wall of a Ultra-Supercritical CFB Boiler

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第5期28卷 1078-1088页

作者： LI Yaode YANG Dong OUYANG Shijie LIU Dan WANG Wenyu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China North China Electric Power Test and Research Institute Co. Ltd Tianjing 300000 China

The coupling factor is used in this study to characterise the combined effect of the heat transfer and resistance characteristics of a rifled tube. Boundary layer theory is utilised to investigate the relationship between the comprehensive coefficient and Reynolds number in two regions, namely, higher and lower than pseudo-critical enthalpy. Results indicate that mass flux exerts a decisive negative influence on the coupling effect, and the impacts of pressure and heat flux are weak. The overall effect decreases rapidly as the mass flux increases, but it increases in the area behind the quasi-critical enthalpy. The coupling effect is also affected by specific heat ratio, thermal acceleration and buoyancy. The correlations of heat transfer and friction resistance are deduced with high precision according to experimental data.

关键词： supercritical pressure heat transfer frictional resistance coupling effect

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X-Ray Computed Tomography (Xct) Study of Jetting in a Fluidized Bed: Effects of Two-Component Fluidization

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xiang, Zhong Chen, Xi Liu, Shuguang Heindel, Theodore J. Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Neutrality Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Center for Multiphase Flow Research and Education Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

Fluidization of non-spherical particles is commonly found in the biomass and solid waste processing industry, and the jetting characteristic above the aeration plate is critical to the fluidization performance of these particles. In this study, cylindrical particles are used as typical non-spherical particles and co-fluidized with small bed material particles. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to reconstruct the 3D structure of the aeration plate region, allowing for the identification of individual aeration jets. The effects of jet velocity (Uj), cylindrical particle mass fraction (ω), cylindrical particle density (ρi), and the cylindrical particle sphericity () on jet shape and volume are investigated. The experimental results indicate that decreasing the cylindrical particle mass fraction (ω) and particle density (ρi) increases the jet length (L), maximum jet diameter (D), and maximum jet volume (V), but have little effect on the jet half angle (θ). The cylindrical particle density (ρi) is the most sensitive factor for jet shape, while the effect of cylinder particle sphericity () on jet shape is insignificant. A correlation of jet length (L) in a two-component fluidized bed with cylindrical particles and bed material is proposed based on all the experimental results. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fluidization

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Ethylene Oxidation with Ce-Modified Fe-Based Oxygen Carrier: Fuel Combustion Efficiency Improvement

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sun, Tianli Wu, Ye Mei, Jian Han, Yinghui Cai, Tianyi Liu, Dong MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Advanced Combustion Laboratory School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

Improving combustion efficiency of diesel engine is very important in the current background of carbon neutralization because sufficient combustion means low pollutant emission and little energy waste. In past studies, catalytic coatings were used in diesel engine to speed up fuel-burning rates and reduce emissions caused by insufficient combustion. Insufficient combustion mainly in high temperature and low oxygen area, using oxygen carrier as the coating material for the combustor surface to support additional –O and regulate the combustion process also is a promising strategy. A desired Fe-based oxygen carrier with excellent redox capability and stability was fabricated to convert fuel pyrolysis products into CO2, H2O and extra heat to improve the fuel combustion efficiency. A range of cerium modified Fe2O3 oxygen carriers were prepared and tested with ethylene as a representative fuel to investigate the redox capability and stability during fuel pyrolysis process. In addition, the gas-solid surface reaction of ethylene and iron oxide was studied by density functional theory (DFT) to illustrate their good reactivity and the mechanism of doping optimization. It was found that when using the FeCe-2 oxygen carrier with the mole ration of Fe and Ce is 9:1 during ethylene pyrolysis process, the ethylene was oxidized most sufficiently (CO2 yield>92%). DFT simulation showed that Ce doping improved the reactivity of surface oxygen. Experimental data and characterization analysis showed that the addition of Ce improved oxygen vacancy capacity to enhance the oxidation for the pyrolysis products. Due to the role of both, the ethylene and its pyrolysis products were converted into CO2 and H2O quickly and effectively. The obtained results indicate that FeCe-2 is the potential oxygen carrier coating material for combustion efficiency improvement. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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The formation of droplet encapsulating particles in a Y-typed microchannel

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Measurement: Sensors 2021年 14卷

作者： Wang, Qing Liu, Qi Fan, Liang-Liang Zhao, Liang School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

Droplet encapsulating particles has great potentials in microfluidic measurement and detection in many fields, such as biomedicine and food science. It is of great importance to investigate the formation of droplet encapsulating particles in microchannel. In this paper, considering the influence of channel angle, particle size, and volume fraction, VOF model and DPM model are combined to systematically study the formation of droplet containing particles in a Y-typed microchannel. The simulation results show that the particle size and concentration significantly influence the formation of droplet. In addition, in comparison with the formation of simple droplet, the angle of Y-typed microchannel and particles have synergistic effect on the droplet formation. The present work is of help for the precise control on the formation of droplet encapsulating particles, which is highly required for the following measurement and detection. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Microchannels

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Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor: An Integrated Nuclear-Based Energy Production and Conversion System

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Dalin Li, Xinyu Jiang, Dianqiang Zhou, Xingguang Lv, Xindi Yun, Shichang Wu, Wenqiang He, Xuanang Li, Haoyang Min, Xin Chen, Kailong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Zhao, Quanbin Fu, Yao Tang, Chuntao Zhuo, Wenbin Li, Jinggang Zuo, Jiaxu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute Co. Ltd. Shanghai200233 China CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing100082 China

Based on the analysis of energy structure and the development trends of advanced nuclear energy technology, combining the complementary advantages of nuclear energy and other energy sources in China, the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor(FuSTAR) system has been proposed. FuSTAR system is designed to address production capacity issues in areas with energy shortages or resource concentration and can be combined with high-temperature process heat to achieve high-value-added processes such as hydrogen production. In this paper, the design and optimization processes of FuSTAR are described from three aspects: the neutronic and thermal-hydraulic system, the thermal transport system, and the power cycle system. Tri-structural isotropic fuel combined with helical cruciform elements has been studied in detail on the neutron physics and thermal-hydraulic properties, and the flow and heat transfer experiment is carried out for the first time. The multilayer nonlinear programming method has been applied to the design of thermal transport systems and the passive residual heat removal system and proved to be fast and efficient. Then the optimal parameters and configuration of the thermoelectric conversion system are obtained directly by using the superstructure optimization method, which saves computing resources greatly. Based on the above design and parameters, the inherent safety of FuSTAR is demonstrated through deterministic safety analysis. In addition, the iodine-sulfur cycle technology is also designed and analyzed, and the characteristics of tritium production in FuSTAR are calculated. The research provides important guidance for the detailed design and operation of FuSTAR. Moreover, this study highlights the significant potential of integrating nuclear energy with other energy sources in an optimized energy-production system. Based on the current research findings, prospects for future research directions are also suggested. © 2023, The Authors. All rights r

关键词： High temperature reactors

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A New Reduced Reaction Mechanism of the Surrogate Fuel for RP-3 Kerosene

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Jing Hu, Erjiang Zheng, Weilin Zeng, Wen Chang, Yachao State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shangxi Xi’an710049 China Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System Shenyang Aerospace University Liaoning Shenyang110136 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China

By combining the reaction class-based global sensitivity analysis (RC-GSA) methodology, species sensitivity analysis (SSA) methodology, decoupling method and genetic algorithm (GA), a reduced reaction mechanism of the surrogate fuel (10% n-dodecane/14% n-decane/30% iso-hexadecane/36% methylcyclohexane/10% toluene, in mole fraction) for RP-3 kerosene was constructed. As an example, the detailed construction process of skeleton mechanism of methylcyclohexane (MCH) was presented, and the skeleton mechanism constructions of other components in the surrogate fuel were similar to that of MCH. First, the dominant reaction classes in the fuel-relevant mechanism of MCH were recognized by the RC-GSA, the representative species in each retained reaction classes were selected by the SSA, and the skeleton fuel-relevant mechanism of MCH was developed. Second, through combining the skeleton fuel-relevant mechanism of MCH with the reduced reaction mechanism of C 0 -C 3 by the decoupling method, the initial skeleton mechanism of MCH was obtained. Third, based on the GA, the rate constants of fuel-relevant reactions in the initial skeleton mechanism of MCH were optimized to enhance the prediction performance. Finally, by coupling the skeleton reaction mechanisms of n-dodecane, n-decane, toluene, iso-hexadecane, MCH, and the reduced reaction mechanism of C 0 -C 3 , a reduced mechanism (containing 121 species and 469 reactions) of the surrogate fuel for RP-3 kerosene was formed. The predicted main species concentrations during the oxidation process in the jet-stirred reactor, the ignition delay times in the shock tube and laminar flame speeds in the constant volume bomb by this reduced mechanism are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data of RP-3 kerosene. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Expression of SALL4 in the synovial tissue of refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2024年第1期4卷 59-61页

作者： Ru Fan Zeqiong Liang Yujie Bu Fen Zhang Xing Cen Yuqing Liu Fenping Lian Fengwu Chen Shengxiao Zhang Junwei Chen Department of Rheumatology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University Ministry of EducationTaiyuanChina Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina

To the Editor,Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)synovitis is characterized by synovial inflammation,characterized by synovial proliferation,neovascularization,and leukocyte infiltration into the joint space,1 leading to irreversible cartilage and bone damage.2 This synovial inflammation stimulates the formation of pannus,which is an invasive tumor-like mass,ultimately contributing to the pathogenesis of *** shares several similarities with cancer,including joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,which are accompanied by hypoxia in the synovial tissue and tumor environment.3 Spalt-like transcription factor 4(SALL4)plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of tumors.4 However,SALL4 expression in synovial tissue of RA is yet to be *** study aimed to investigate SALL4 expression in synovial tissue derived from patients with RA,using immunohistochemical techniques.

关键词： SALL4 patients inflammation

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The Performance Study on Hydrogen Production From Medium Temperature Methane Chemical Looping Steam Reforming Using Lithium-based Absorbent

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2025年第5期46卷 1401-1408页

作者： Wang, Xuyun Li, Yang Gai, Zhongrui Rao, Qiong Liu, Mingkai Pan, Ying School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Lithium silicate serves as a novel CO2 absorbent with moderate absorptionregeneration temperature range (500∼700◦C) and excellent cycling stability. In this study, Li2CO3 was selected as the precursor for the preparation of lithium silicate. Additionally, a eutectic co-doping method with potassium elements was employed to enhance its reactivity. Using extrusion-spheronization, we successfully produced absorbent particles with high mechanical strength and cycling stability. The effects of absorption-regeneration temperature, CO2 concentration and particle diameter on the performance of absorbent particles have been studied in detail. Furthermore, mixed with NiO oxygen carriers, sorption-enhanced chemical looping reforming (SE-CLR) experiments were conducted at the range of 500∼650◦C for hydrogen production and in situ CO2 capture factors such as reaction temperatures and oxygen carrier to absorbent mass ratios were then investigated The results showcase that at the optimal reaction temperature of 600◦C, the SE-CLR process effectively lowered the reaction temperature by 25◦C, achieving a 13% increase in methane conversion rate and hydrogen purity and CO2 capture rate above 90% were attained. © 2025 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicates

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High loading cotton cellulose-based aerogel self-standing electrode for Li-S batteries

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Science Bulletin 2020年第10期65卷 803-811,M0003页

作者： Heng Mao Limin Liu Lei Shi HuWu Jinxin Lang Ke Wang Tianxiang Zhu Yiyang Gao Zehui Sun Jing Zhao Guoxin Gao Dongyang Zhang Wei Yan Shujiang Ding Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of ScienceXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their high energy density(2600 Wh kg-1). However, its commercialization is hindered seriously by the low loading and utilization rate of sulfur cathodes. Herein, we designed the cellulose-based graphene carbon composite aerogel(CCA) self-standing electrode to enhance the performance of Li-S batteries. The CCA contributes to the mass loading and utilization efficiency of sulfur, because of its unique physical structure: low density(0.018 g cm-3), large specific surface area(657.85 m2 g-1), high porosity(96%), and remarkable electrolyte adsorption(42.25 times). Compared to Al(about 49%), the CCA displayed excellent sulfur use efficiency(86%) and could reach to high area capacity of 8.60 mAh cm-2 with 9.11 mgS loading. Meanwhile,the CCA exhibits the excellent potential for pulse sensing applications due to its flexibility and superior sensitivity to electrical response signals.

关键词： Cellulose-based graphene aerogel Self-standing electrode High sulfur loading Lithium-sulfur battery Pulse sensing

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