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CO₂-to-C₂H₅OH photoconversion by an amorphization-activated catalyst

Chem Catalysis 2025年第5期5卷

作者： Xue, Fei Zhang, Chunyang Liu, Maochang Liu, Feng Yan, Xueli Liu, Shangheng Peng, Huiping Hu, Zhiwei Pao, Chih-Wen Huang, Wei-Hsiang Yang, Ye Huang, Xiaoqing Xu, Yong i-lab of Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Suzhou 215123 China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Nothnitzer Strasse 40 Dresden 01187 Germany National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen 361005 China

CO2 photoconversion into value-added C2 products with high selectivity and efficiency is formidably challenging due to highly energetic and kinetic restriction of C–C coupling. Designing catalysts to overcome those b... 详细信息

CO₂ photoconversion into value-added C₂ products with high selectivity and efficiency is formidably challenging due to highly energetic and kinetic restriction of C–C coupling. Designing catalysts to overcome those barriers is therefore crucial. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate an amorphization strategy to boost photocatalytic CO₂ ethanolization. By integrating amorphous Pd onto Cd_0.9Zn_0.1S nanorods (a-Pd/CZS), an activity of 412.1 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and a selectivity of 96.5% for CO₂-to-C₂H₅OH photoconversion were achieved without a sacrificial agent with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 0.87% at 420 nm. The superior performance results from rapid migration of photogenerated electrons to amorphous Pd via interfacial Ohmic junction. In situ characterization and theoretical calculation further reveal that amorphous Pd can optimize CO₂ adsorption/activation and reduce the C–C coupling energy barrier via intensified interaction and stabilization with a ^∗OCCO intermediate, thereby maximizing conversion efficiency and selectivity. This work highlights an efficient photocatalyst for a CO₂-to-C₂ product and inspires high-performance photocatalyst design. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： amorphization C2H5OH CO2 photocatalytic conversion SDG7: Affordable and clean energy

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Experimental Investigation on Ejector Performance Using R134a as Refrigerant

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第4期28卷 727-735页

作者： DAI Zhengshu YU Bo LIU Pengpeng CHEN Guangming ZHANG Hua School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China State Key Laboratory of Air-conditioning Equipment and System Energy Conservation Zhuhai 519070China Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

Ejector refrigeration has the advantage of low capital cost,simple design,reliable operation,long lifespan and almost no *** only weakness is the low efficiency and its intolerance to deviations from design operation condition.R134 a used in ejector refrigeration system gives better performance in comparison with many other environmental friendly refrigerants as the generation temperature is from 75℃to 80℃.The present work experimentally investigated the on-design and off-design performance of the ejector with fixed geometry using R134 a as refrigerant,and cycle performance of the ejector refrigeration *** experimental prototype was constructed and the effects of primary flow inlet pressure,secondary flow inlet pressure and ejector back pressure on ejector performance and cycle performance were investigated *** operation conditions are:primary flow inlet pressure from 2.2 MPa to 3.25 MPa,secondary flow inlet pressure from 0.36 MPa to 0.51 MPa,ejector back pressure from 0.45 MPa to 0.67 *** were drawn from the experimental results,and the experimental data can be used for validation of theoretical model for both critical and subcritical mode.

关键词： ejector performance refrigeration R134a experiment

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Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Distance of Water-Film Evaporation in Limited Space Using Dual-Wavelength Digital Holographic Interference

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Jing-Nan Zhang, Meng-Meng Zhang, Lin-Xin Di, Jiang-Lei Zhao, Jian-Lin Gao, Ming Sun, Yue-Dong Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi Xi’an710129 China Advanced Institute of Photonics Technology School of Information Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou51006 China

To study the heat and mass transfer between evaporating water film and air in limited space, the temperature and humidity distributions of air near the flowing water film was measured using dual-wavelength digital holographic interference (DHI). The holograms were recorded by CMOS with two different wavelengths of 532 nm and 671 nm. We derived the relationships between the phase changes reconstructed from the holograms and the air temperature and humidity changes based on the Edlen formulas. A experimental model was built to generate steady water film and demonstrate the heat and mass transfer in air countercurrent to the water film, which flows down on the copper plate. The model has two symmetrical tunnels isolated by a copper plate in the middle, allowing to compare the cases of heat mass transfer with and without evaporation. The relative measurement errors of temperature and humidity are less than x% and y%, respectively, by comparing the reconstructed results with the sensor measured values. Based on the measurement results, the concept, feature transfer distance (FTD), is proposed, which characterizes the intensity of heat and mass transfer. By analyzing FTD, the main influencing factors of heat and mass transfer were obtained. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evaporation

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Non-Hermitian delocalization in a 2D photonic quasicrystal

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Zhaoyang Liang, Shun Septembre, Ismaël Yu, Jiawei Huang, Yongping Liu, Maochang Zhang, Yanpeng Xiao, Min Malpuech, Guillaume Solnyshkov, Dmitry Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices The Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique School of Electronic Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Information Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Institut Pascal PHOTON-N2 Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS Clermont INP Clermont-FerrandF-63000 France International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Paris75231 France

Quasicrystals show long-range order, but lack translational symmetry. So far, theoretical and experimental studies suggest that both Hermitian and non-Hermitian quasicrystals show localized eigenstates. This localization is due to the fractal structure of the spectrum in the Hermitian case and to the transition to diffusive bands via exceptional points in the non-Hermitian case. Here, we present an experimental study of a dodecagonal (12-fold) photonic quasicrystal based on electromagnetically-induced transparency in a Rb vapor cell. The transition to a quasicrystal is obtained by superposing two honeycomb lattices at 30◦ with a continuous tuning of their amplitudes. Non-Hermiticity is controlled independently. We study the spatial expansion of a probe wavepacket. In the Hermitian case, the wavepacket expansion is suppressed when the amplitude of the second lattice is increased (quasicrystal localization). We find a new regime, where increasing the non-Hermitian potential in the quasicrystal enhances spatial expansion, with the C12 symmetry becoming visible in the wavepacket structure. This real-space expansion is due to a k-space localization on specific quasicrystal modes. Our results show that the non-Hermitian quasicrystal behavior is richer than previously thought. The localization properties of the quasicrystals can be used for beam tailoring in photonics, but are also important in other fields. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quasicrystals

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fEffect of alkali and alkaline metals on gas formation behavior and kinetics during pyrolysis of pine wood

引用

Fuel 2021年 290卷

作者： Li, Jinhu Burra, Kiran G. Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Xuan Gupta, Ashwani K. The Combustion Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei430074 China College of Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou450001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

This study examines the acid and alkaline treatment of pine wood to help understand the effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) content on the pyrolysis behavior at different temperatures. Acid and alkali pretreatment of pine wood were conducted to modify AAEMs content by ion-exchanging method. Thermal kinetic behavior of the pretreated samples was first conducted by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at different heating rates that provided activation energies of pyrolysis. Gas formation behavior of the samples for different extents of conversion was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at two different temperatures of 823 K and 1073 K. Evolutionary behavior of the gas components during pyrolysis, including flow rate, and yield and their energy content were measured and compared. Results showed that the values of activation energies increased with the extent of conversion for all the pretreated samples examined. The effect of AAEMs on pyrolysis behavior of biomass varied with the extent of conversion. The presence of AAEMs in biomass decreased the decomposition energy at low conversion while it greatly improved under high conversion. Besides, alkali treated sample with higher AAEM content enhanced the gas and char yield while it reduced the bio-oil production at low temperature with low conversion. However, at high temperature the opposite trend was observed. Presence of AAEMs was favorable for the generation of H2, CO, CO2 and CnHm at low temperature, while it showed an inhibition effect on CO and CnHm yield and syngas energy at high temperature. The catalytic mechanism of AAEMs on the pyrolysis behavior at different temperatures was discussed based on activation energy and gaseous formation. Results revealed decomposition of carboxylate at low temperature and formation of stable biomass-Na (BM-Na) structure at high temperature that led to the variation of activation energy and changed gaseous products yield and syngas energy. Acid washing pretreatment wa

关键词： Activation energy

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Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters

Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow...

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作者： Ji, Jieqiang Zheng, Jianying Chen, GuoFu Wu, Xiaojie Zhang, NingNing Fang, Yan Cheng, Leming Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology Hangzhou310018 China National Centre of Quality Supervision and Testing on Liquid Flow Measuring Instruments Hangzhou310018 China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

CFD modelling and experiments are carried out to study the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters. The swirl generator and flow disturber are selected to change the flow field distributions inside the pipe. The calculation results show that the installation of left-handed swirl generator induces a specific flow pattern of the fluid inside the pipe, while the installation of flow disturber leads to the distortion of the axial velocity distributions. The critical distance of the fluid reaching the steady flow is 10D for left-handed swirl generator and flow disturber. In the experiment part, six different ultrasonic water meters are selected for the intrinsic errors tests. The results show that the installations of swirl generator and flow disturber induce the intrinsic errors shift to negative values. Compared with the flow disturber, the swirl generator has greater impact on the measurement accuracy. © 2021

关键词： flow fields

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Characterizing the catalyst fluidization with field synergy to improve the amine absorption for CO2 capture

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1608-1617页

作者： Yunsong Yu Chen Zhang Zaoxiao Zhang Geoff Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

There are great interests to capture the CO2 to control the greenhouse gas *** absorption of CO2 is being taken as an effective way to capture CO2 in ***,the amine absorption of CO2 is cost-ineffective due to great energy consumption and solution *** order to reduce the capture cost,catalyst fluidization is proposed here to intensify the mass transfer and heat *** fluidization with field synergy and DFT model is developed by incorporating the effects of catalyst reaction kinetics,drag force and multi-field into the mass transfer,heat transfer,fluid flow and catalyst *** with an improved distributor are performed well to validate the *** reaction kinetics is determined by the DFT simulation and *** mass transfer coefficient in the fluidized reactor is identified as 17%higher than the conventional packed *** the field synergy of catalyst fluidization,the energy consumption for CO2 desorption is reduced by 9%.Stepwise operation and inclination reactor are used to improve catalyst fluidization process.

关键词： CO2 capture Catalyst fluidization Mass transfer DFT Energy consumption Field synergy

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Improve the Conversion Rate and Selectivity of Aromatic Monomers in Lignin Photocatalytic Conversion Reaction Via Phase Junction Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles and External Hydrogen Supplier

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Yue, Zongyang Shao, Shibo Yu, Jialin Lu, Guanchu Wei, Wenjing Huang, Yi Zhang, Kai Wang, Ke Fan, Xianfeng Institute for Materials and Processes School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh EdinburghEH9 3BF United Kingdom Petrochemical Research Institute PetroChina Company Limited Beijing102206 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Longzihu New Energy Laboratory Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology Henan University Zhengzhou450000 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Emission Surveillance and Control for Thermal Power Generation North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

Photocatalysis has the potential for lignin valorisation to generate functionalised aromatic monomers, but its large-scale application has been limited by the slow conversion rate and the low selectivity to desirable products. In this work, record-high lignin model compound Cβ-O bonds cleavage rate and excellent selectivity to aromatic monomers has been achieved over the development of new hexagonal-cubic phase junction CdS nanoparticles, enhanced external hydrogen donor supply and hydrogen transfer, and improved separation efficiency of photo-excited electron-hole pairs. Water is employed as external hydrogen supplier, resulting in significant increase in the conversion rate of 2-Phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (PP-ol) as lignin model from 21.8% to 100% and the selectivity of aromatic monomers from ~45% to ~94% under 1h of visible light irradiation. 2-phenoxyacetophenone (PP-one) as by-product from PP-ol conversion can be further completely cleaved to aromatic monomers with assistance of TEA and reaction time is reduced from 2-12 hrs to10 min under visible-light irradiation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lignin

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Kinetics of oxygen bubble growth in water decomposition

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Wuli Xuebao/Acta Physica Sinica 2025年第10期74卷

作者： Nie, Tengfei Xu, Qiang Luo, Xinyi Hong, Aoyue Cao, Zeshui Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

In order to enhance the efficiency of large-scale water decomposition, it is important to understand the oxygen bubble evolution on the electrode surface. In this work, a numerical model for the growth of oxygen bubbles on the electrode surface is proposed based on the dissolved oxygen flux at the bubble boundary, and the mechanisms of the reaction area and current during the bubble growth are investigated. The results show that the bubble diameters calculated from the oxygen flux at the bubble boundary are in good agreement with the diameters of the bubbles growing in the control phase of the chemical reaction. As the reaction region increases, the transition time from the diffusion-controlled stage to the chemical reaction-controlled stage becomes longer during the bubble growth. The concentration maximum value on the microelectrode surface is significantly higher than that on the large electrode surface, which leads to a steeper concentration gradient between the microelectrode surface and the bubble surface. As the current increases, the bubble growth rate increases and the time coefficient decreases faster. The bubble diameter at a current of 0.06 mA accords well with the bubble diameter at a current of 0.1 mA in the photoelectrochemical water splitting experiments. This is because the scattering of light by the growing bubbles leads to a decrease in the current density at the bottom of the bubble.(Figure Presented) © 2025 Chinese Physical Society.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Multi-Objective optimization of oil–gas cyclone separators considering liquid storage in the tank bottom

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 374卷

作者： Wang, Lingzi Du, Wei Liu, Ruiyi Feng, Jianmei Peng, Xueyuan Cao, Feng School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China The First Gas Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Shaanxi Jingbian718500 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

As an efficient separation device, the gas–liquid cyclone separator has been widely used in oil injection compressor systems. It can effectively reduce the oil content in the high-pressure airflow, directly affecting the fuel consumption, operating efficiency, and exhaust quality parameters of compressors, making it crucial to enhance the separator's performance. Given the critical role of geometric configuration in determining cyclone separator efficiency, this study comprehensively considers several influencing factors including the structure parameters. Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to quantify the contribution of three factors to the performance percentage of the separator, and the dual-objective optimization of the efficiency and pressure drop of the separator was carried out with the grey correlation analysis method. In the simulation calculation, this paper employs the DPM-to-VOF method coupled with the Euler wall film (EWF) to simulate the oil droplet particle separation process, featuring model transformation capabilities under specified conditions. The investigation culminates in the development of a parametric-performance prediction model and establishes optimal operational parameters for cyclone separators: the inlet velocity (vin) should be set at 24.49 m/s, the height of the inner cylinder of the separator tank (Ht) should be 1.2 times the diameter, and the buffer height between the inner cylinder and the liquid surface (Hm) should be 0.9 times the diameter. © 2025

关键词： Cyclone separators

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