The thermal safety accidents of high specific energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) occur frequently, impeding their further large-scale application in electric vehicles. In this study, the experimental systems for semi...
The thermal safety accidents of high specific energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) occur frequently, impeding their further large-scale application in electric vehicles. In this study, the experimental systems for semi-open and sealed spaces are established. Meanwhile, based on the liquid immersion cooling (LIC) system, the thermal runaway (TR) suppression mechanisms of the single LIB and LIB pack are reported systematically. For the single LIB (two pouch cells connected in series), the LIB is penetrated to 50 % depth, namely, the first pouch cell. We discover that the unpenetrated pouch cell remains at 0.58 V and is structurally intact. Compared with the natural convection conditions, the LIB peak temperature is decreased by 141.3 °C. The gas generation reactions are significantly mitigated. Furthermore, the heat and gas generation are gradually decreased with a reduction in state of charge (SOC). More importantly, after penetrating the first LIB in the LIB pack, we observe that the maximum temperature of the neighboring LIB is around 49 °C. The study provides a first step towards LIB thermal safety protection projects.
Rational interface engineering via regulating the anchoring groups between molecular catalysts and light-absorbing semiconductors is essential and emergent to stabilize the semiconductor/molecular complex interaction ...
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Rational interface engineering via regulating the anchoring groups between molecular catalysts and light-absorbing semiconductors is essential and emergent to stabilize the semiconductor/molecular complex interaction and facilitate the photocarriers transport, thus realizing highly active and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this mini review, following a showcasing of the fundamental details of hybrid PEC systems containing semiconductor photoelectrodes and molecular catalysts for water splitting, the state-of-the-art progress of anchoring group regulation at semiconductor/molecular complex interface for efficient and stable PEC water splitting, as well as its effect on charge transfer kinetics, are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, potential research directions aimed at building high-efficiency hybrid PEC water splitting systems are summarized.
The superimposed phenomenon of thermal deviation of low and high temperature reheaters was found under the high load condition in a 660MW ultra super-critical Π type boiler. And the discharge temperature deviation be...
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Pipeline ruptures in water supply networks can induce significant water loss and may pose risks of water quality deterioration, including potential contamination by pathogens and pollutants. This issue can be addresse...
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The new energy electric vehicles can dramatically relief the environmental pollution problem caused by fuel automobiles. Based on the environmental and economic factors, this paper constructs an optimization model on ...
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The new energy electric vehicles can dramatically relief the environmental pollution problem caused by fuel automobiles. Based on the environmental and economic factors, this paper constructs an optimization model on the number of charging stations. Under the premise of minimizing the capacity of charging station, the optimal allocation of cities, suburbs and countryside is obtained. According to the site-selecting principles, South Korea is taken as a sample. Based on the station-building optimization model, when the conversion of electric-powered vehicle has fully realized, the number of stations should be 874524. In addition, based on the station-building cost optimization model, the number of stations in city area is 23796. In consideration of economic factors, Logistic model is built to evaluate the converting progress of South Korea, and the conclusion illustrates that it will take at least 8~17 years (from 10% to 100%).
Swirl vane separator is not only used in SG for separating more than 80% of liquid water from steam-water mixture to feed qualified steam to dryers and turbines, but also applied in the thorium molten salt reactor to ...
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As the evaluation of distributed energy system (DES) is a complex problem, multi-criteria is necessary to fully evaluate the performance for different systems. In this paper, a novel multi-criteria evaluation method w...
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As the evaluation of distributed energy system (DES) is a complex problem, multi-criteria is necessary to fully evaluate the performance for different systems. In this paper, a novel multi-criteria evaluation method was established to assess the comprehensive performance of DES from economic, energy and environment criterions. Before constructing a multi-level indexes system, index correlation analysis was carried out to ensure the independence of indexes. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of subjective and objective methods, AHP-entropy method was proposed by integrating analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and information entropy method together to assign weights to the indexes. Finally, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was applied to determine the optimal DES scheme. The case study indicated that the evaluation results of this method were in accordance with the reality, which could provide a reference for the selection of DES solutions.
Based on the GSE software, the simulation model of an ultra-supercritical double-reheat tower boiler was established, and its reliability was checked with design data. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the ultra-su...
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Based on the GSE software, the simulation model of an ultra-supercritical double-reheat tower boiler was established, and its reliability was checked with design data. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the ultra-supercritical double-reheat boiler were studied. Simulation results reveal the response times of different input parameters greatly vary. When stepping disturbances to the feed-coal rate, feed-water rate, and feed-water temperature, the response time under feed-water’s temperature disturbance is the longest, which is about 1, 800 s. When the same input parameter disturbs, the output parameters have the same response tendency with different amplitudes. Moreover, the fiercer the disturbance is, the more greatly the parameter changes.
Although rapid load variation of coal-fired power plants has become a prior objective for improving the operational flexibility, it will cause a lifetime reduction of heaters due to alternating stresses during transie...
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Although rapid load variation of coal-fired power plants has become a prior objective for improving the operational flexibility, it will cause a lifetime reduction of heaters due to alternating stresses during transient processes. In the paper, among four flexible regulating measures, the dynamic characteristics of thermal parameters were obtained by GSE software, and thermo-mechanical stresses of 1# high-pressure (HP) heater were calculated by Finite Element Analysis, then the fatigue lifetimes of 1# HP heater were estimated and compared. It turns out that the most stressed position is at water chamber baffle, the allowable numbers of cycles at four measures are 5913-9419, and fatigue damage ratios for per cycle are 0.0106-0.0169%. The study can provide a detailed reference for operators to ensure the operational security of coal-fired power plants within flexibility frameworks.
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