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Solution chemistry back‐contact FTO/hematite interface engineering for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation

Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第5期43卷 1247-1257页

作者： Karen Cristina Bedin Beatriz Mouriño Ingrid Rodríguez-Gutiérrez João Batista Souza Junior Gabriel Trindade dos Santos Jefferson Bettini Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Costa Lionel Vayssieres Flavio Leandro Souza The National Nanotechnology Laboratory(LNNANO) Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials(CNPEM)Campinas 13083‐970Brazil Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas(CCNH) Federal University of ABC(UFABC)Santo André09210580Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS) Rio Grande do SulBrazil International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass(FTO)and photoactive thin films such as hematite for low‐cost water oxidation ***‐resolution electron microscopy(SEM,TEM,STEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),elemental chemical mapping(EELS,EDS)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)investigations reveal that the mechanical stress,lattice mismatch,electron energy barrier,and voids between FTO and hematite at the back‐contact interface as well as short‐circuit and detrimental reaction between FTO and the electrolyte can be alleviated by engineering the chemical composition of the precursor solutions,thus increasing the overall efficiency of these low‐cost photoanodes for water oxidation reaction for a clean and sustainable generation of hydrogen from PEC water‐*** findings are of significant importance to improve the charge collection efficiency by minimizing electron‐hole recombination observed at back‐contact interfaces and grain boundaries in mesoporous electrodes,thus improving the overall efficiency and scalability of low‐cost PEC water splitting devices.

关键词： Nanostructure Iron oxide Water oxidation Photoanode Surface engineering Chemical synthesis

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Design of Solar Dish/Stirling Rotation Control System with Dual Axis Solar Tracker

Design of Solar Dish/Stirling Rotation Control System with D...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Zhijie Zhou Jiaxing Chen Zhuohuan Hu Daolin Nie Chulin Wen School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering

This paper presents a dual-axis tracking control system for a Small Dish/Stirling System（SDSS）. The sun trajectory tracking algorithm was applied for all-weather accurate sun tracking. The rotating devices consist of two brushless DC motors,an encoder, an inclinator and slewing drivers. The dual-axis solar tracker was applied to improve the system’s *** results show that the system performance is reliable, and the average sun-tracking accuracy achieves 0.278° and 0.321° for azimuth and zenith respectively.

关键词： Dish/Stirling system Solar tracking Dual axis DC motor

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Research on a Poly-Generation System for Gas-Biochar-Heat-Electricity by Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass Waste

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Cui Jin, Hui School of Water and Environment Chang'an University Xi’an710054 China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi’an710054 China Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources Chang’an University Xi’an710054 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Ministry of Education of China Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

Biomass energy is renewable and rich in the world, providing a solution for the shortage in fossil fuel and serious environmental pollution. Proposing efficient utilization method of biomass waste demands urgent attention. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) process is a potential technology. In this work, a poly-generation system based on SCWG was developed to convert biomass waste to gas, biochar, heat and electricity. Firstly, mass, energy, and exergy flow were calculated at the typical condition. Subsequently, impact of various operating parameters, including gasification temperature, mass flowrate of preheated water, biomass concentration, on the hydrogen-rich syngas yield, generated electricity, thermodynamic performance of the system was investigated. The result demonstrated that the exergy loss primarily occurred on cooler, reactor, heat exchanger and preheater, accounting for more than 90% of total exergy loss under different conditions, arising from irreversible reaction, heat transfer and heat dissipation. Higher temperature, higher biomass concentration and more preheated water exerted a positive effect for hydrogen-rich gas production and supplied heat energy, while these parameters were disadvantageous to exergy efficiency. Biochar energy was primarily affected by biomass concentration. Energy efficiency increased with preheated water quantity and biomass concentration rising, and impact of biomass concentration was more significant. Conversely, evaluated gasification temperature displayed an adverse effect on energy efficiency. The maximal exergy efficiency reached about 58.3% at 550℃, biomass concentration of 33%, preheated water mass flowrate of 900 kg·h-1 © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Numerical study on the influence of plugging rate on the performance of adjustable steam ejector

International Journal of Fluid Engineering

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International Journal of Fluid engineering 2024年第2期1卷 50-60页

作者： Jianxiang Gao Zepeng Yuan Yuyan Hou Weixiong Chen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China

During the operation of thermal power plant systems, severe challenges to the quality and safety of the heat supply arise owing to the effects of peak regulation. Steam ejectors, widely employed in the district heating sector, often exhibit poorer performance under off-design conditions as a result of their fixed structure. This study analyzes the effects of varying plugging rate, primary pressure, and induced pressure on the performance of adjustable steam ejectors. As the plugging rate increases, the mass flow rate of the primary fluid decrease, potentially falling below 32%, and that of the induced fluid initially experiences a minor increase, followed by a rapid decrease. Concurrently, the critical back pressure also decreases with an increase in the plugging rate, potentially falling by up to 65%. By contrast, the entrainment ratio surges with increasing plugging rate, with the maximum increase reaching up to 4.75 times. Under the same primary steam pressure and induced steam pressure, there exists an optimal entrainment ratio. Furthermore, both the critical back pressure and the optimal entrainment ratio increase as the primary steam pressure and induced steam pressure increase.

关键词： performance steam optimal

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Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Using Cnn and Pca Fractal Based on Feature Extraction

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Xiao, Junqing Li, Chun Yue, Minnan Xu, Zifei Liu, Qingsong School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093 China Department of Maritime and Mechanical Engineering Liverpool John Moores University Byrom Street LiverpoolL3 3AF United Kingdom

A novel adaptive decomposition algorithm based on CEMMDAN and fractal dimension is proposed in this study in order to overcome the limitations like redundancy and mode confusion that exist in traditional EMD based algorithms. An intelligent fault diagnosis model is developed based on CNN and the proposed CEMMDAN for improving the performance of states recognition of rolling bearings. all sub-signals generated by CEEMDAN are selected and reconstructed by the PCA and fractal dimension. In the part if feature extraction and pattern recognition, the proposed ICEEMDAN uses CNN to extract advanced features from the reconstructed signal for developing the intelligent diagnosis model. The performance of the proposed method is examined by rolling bearing experiments. The superiority and reliability of the proposed ICEEMDAN method are compared with some CNN-based diagnosis method. Due to the investigation and examination, the proposed ICEEMDAN method has strong robustness even dealing with the noisy testing background. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Empirical mode decomposition

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Adsorption of Dibenzofuran by Modified Biochar Derived from Microwave Gasification

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Jiyun Zhang, Yong Wang, Hui Huang, Xiaoming Jin, Xiaoling Zhang, Kai Li, Ruiyu Yang, Kaixuan Yue, Yang Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co. Ltd Yantai264000 China West Pipeline Company of PipeChina Urumchi830000 China Jinggangshan Power Plant Huaneng Power International Inc Jiangxi 343009 China Shunde Institute of Inspection Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Foshan528300 China Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shanghai200240 China

Dioxins, emanating from the waste incineration, constitutes an organic pollutant that poses considerable risks to human health and environment. In this study, the corn straw char (CSC) and oak char (OC) derived from the electric heating and microwave gasification, and the coconut-shell activated carbon (AC) are employed as absorbents for the adsorption of dibenzofuran (DBF, dioxins model compound). Characterization techniques including BET, X-ray CT, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS are performed to identify the DBF adsorption mechanism on biochar. The results show that the biochar prepared by the microwave gasification has a more well-developed pore structure than that of the electric heating gasification. Higher porosity (16.94%) and lower mineral content (1.75%) are responsible for the effective adsorption of DBF onto AC. The adsorption capacity of CSC is proportional to the modified concentration of KOH. It is mainly ascribed to the decrement of carboxyl and lactone groups and the enhancement of alkaline functional groups on the biochar surface, which augments the hydrophobicity and π–π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interaction. Instead, DBF adsorption capacity on the biochar is adversely affected by HNO3 modification. For all biochar samples, the corresponding maximum adsorption ratios are AC (87.11%) > KOH-modified CSC (77.14%) > unmodified CSC (49.11%) > unmodified OC (39.70%) > HNO3-modified CSC (36.09%). The adsorption mechanisms of DBF on the gasified biochar encompass pore filling, hydrophobicity, and π–π EDA interaction. A desirable adsorption capacity of DBF on the biochar prepared by the microwave gasification is attainable through augmenting the specific surface area while diminishing the oxygen-containing groups of the surface simultaneously. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

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Characterization of High-Performance Nanostructured Wick for Heat Pipes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sun, Qishi Han, Ruiyu Guo, Kailun Wang, Chenglong Zhang, Jing He, Xiaoqiang Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Tian, Wenxi Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Key Lab. of Nuclear Reactor System Design Technology China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute Chengdu610213 China

To investigate the best performance wick forms to support the design and fabrication of high-performance heat pipes, in this paper, two kinds of nanostructured wick were prepared by the oxidation-reduction method. The effect of surface nanostructure on the wick performance was investigated by comparing the surface characteristics, capillary properties, permeability, and evaporation properties. The result shows that the nanostructured wick presented excellent super hydrophilic properties. A liquid-lift visualization experimental method for measuring the capillary performance factor M was proposed, and it was verified to be correct by the separation effect of the capillary pumping experiment under a vacuum environment. With the increasing oxidized degree, the densification of nanoparticles on the wick surface increased the capillary performance factor M from 8.68 μm to 13.81 μm, with a maximum enhancement of 59.1%. The effective capillary radius decreased from 4.70×10-5 m to 4.01×10-5 m, with a maximum reduction of 14.9%. The permeability increased from 4.33×10-10 m2 to 5.83×10-10 m2, with a maximum enhancement of 34.7%. The increase in porosity made the effective capillary radius dominate the competition for permeability, and the capillary performance factor decreased by 17.1%. The thermal resistance of the wick decreased with the enhancement of the capillary performance factor, which fell from 2.03×10-3 m2·K/W to 1.26×10-3 m2·K/W. The current study provides a reference for the future design and preparation of high-performance heat pipe wicks. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat resistance

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Investigation of Droplet Dynamic Behavior in Pemfcs Gas Diffusion Layer and Gas Channel with Micro-Ct and Lattice Boltzmann Method

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lv, Xuecheng Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Gao, Linsong Lyu, Jizu Hu, Chengzhi Li, Yang Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China School of Mechanical Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China

This study reconstructed the 3D structure for the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using the micro-CT technique and investigated the dynamic behavior of droplets inside the multi-scale space of GDL and gas channel (GC) using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The prediction model for droplet detachment at the GDL-GC interface was developed. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the breakage location of the liquid bridge and the trajectory of the liquid droplet after detaching from the GDL-GC interface in the multi-scale space of GC and GDL, compared to the single-scale GC space where GDL is ignored. The increase in gas velocity and internal contact angle of the GDL contribute to reducing the droplet detachment volume and increasing the droplet detachment frequency. At the internal contact angle of 120º-140º, GDL exhibited the most efficient removal of liquid water. A contact angle smaller than this range would hinder the detachment of droplets in the GC, while a contact angle larger than this range would lead to the accumulation of liquid water in the GDL. The surface force generated by the connection of liquid bridges in the analytical model for critical droplet detachment forms an angle with the gas flow direction, with the characteristic length determining this force being the minimum diameter at the necking of the liquid bridge. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contact angle

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Research on a Poly-Generation System for Gas-Biochar-Heat-Electricity by Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass Waste

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

Biomass energy is renewable and rich in the world, providing a solution for the shortage in fossil fuel and serious environmental pollution. Proposing efficient utilization method of biomass waste demands urgent attention. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) process is a potential technology. In this work, a poly-generation system based on SCWG was developed to convert biomass waste to gas, biochar, heat and electricity. Firstly, mass, energy, and exergy flow were calculated at the typical condition. Subsequently, impact of various operating parameters on the hydrogen-rich syngas yield, generated electricity, thermodynamic performance was investigated. The result demonstrated that the exergy loss primarily occurred on cooler, reactor, heat exchanger and preheater, accounting for more than 90% of total exergy loss, arising from irreversible reaction, heat transfer and heat dissipation. Higher temperature, biomass concentration and preheated water exerted a positive effect for hydrogen-rich gas production and supplied heat energy, while these parameters were disadvantageous to exergy efficiency. Biochar energy was affected by biomass concentration. Energy efficiency increased with preheated water quantity and biomass concentration rising, and impact of biomass concentration was more significant. Conversely, evaluated gasification temperature displayed an adverse effect on energy efficiency. The maximal exergy efficiency reached 58.3% at 550℃, 33%, 900 kg·h-1. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Research on a Poly-Generation System for Gas-Biochar-Heat-Electricity by Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass Waste

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

Biomass energy is renewable and rich in the world, providing a solution for the shortage in fossil fuel and serious environmental pollution. Proposing efficient utilization method of biomass waste demands urgent attention. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) process is a potential technology. In this work, a poly-generation system based on SCWG was developed to convert biomass waste to gas, biochar, heat and electricity. Firstly, mass, energy, and exergy flow were calculated at the typical condition. Subsequently, impact of various operating parameters, including gasification temperature, mass flowrate of preheated water, biomass concentration, on the hydrogen-rich syngas yield, generated electricity, thermodynamic performance of the system was investigated. The result demonstrated that the exergy loss primarily occurred on cooler, reactor, heat exchanger and preheater, accounting for more than 90% of total exergy loss under different conditions, arising from irreversible reaction, heat transfer and heat dissipation. Higher temperature, higher biomass concentration and more preheated water exerted a positive effect for hydrogen-rich gas production and supplied heat energy, while these parameters were disadvantageous to exergy efficiency. Biochar energy was primarily affected by biomass concentration. Energy efficiency increased with preheated water quantity and biomass concentration rising, and impact of biomass concentration was more significant. Conversely, evaluated gasification temperature displayed an adverse effect on energy efficiency. The maximal exergy efficiency reached about 58.3% at 550°C, biomass concentration of 33%, preheated water mass flowrate of 900 kg·h-1 © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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