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International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2024年 204卷

作者： Hanrui Qiu Mingjun Wang Jing Zhang Wenxi Tian G.H. Su State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Nuclear Thermal Coupling Optimization of Baffled Ntp Reactor

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Duan, Zimian Zhang, Jing Han, Zichao Wang, Mingjun Wu, Yingwei He, Yanan Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Siuzheng Su, Guanghui Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) technology has characteristics of high power and high specific impulse. In particular, CERMET fuel reactor has received a lot of research due to its simple form and structure. A general CERMET fuel reactor model is established by using three-dimensional Monte Carlo neutron dynamics program and commercial CFD program Fluent. After nuclear thermal coupling optimization, three partition schemes of baffled reactor were proposed to reduce the temperature difference between the wall and the coolant and lower the relative spike factor in the inner region. A feasible design of redundant control system was then proposed, with a cold clean excess reactivity greater than $3.44 and a minimum dry shutdown reactivity lower than -$5.95, where there was a high control accuracy of 6.7 pcm/mm. The reactor realized safety of the core temperature lower than 3000K under the conditions of total exit temperature of 2650K and thrust of 25000lb. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cermets

Driving with Clean Footprint: Biodiesel Application and Sustainable Development of the Transportation Sector in China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Chuangbin Deng, Chenchen Zhang, Bo Yang, Song Centre for Southeast Asia Studies Shantou University Guangdong Shantou City515063 China Jinhe Center for Economic Research Xi’an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

The advancement of global endeavors to mitigate climate change significantly hinges upon developments within China's transportation sector. This study presents a pioneering examination of the pivotal role of biodiesel as a renewable energy source, accentuating its substantial contributions to China's ambitious objectives of attaining carbon neutrality and reaching the peak of carbon dioxide emissions. Employing the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System, we formulate five distinct scenarios encompassing the prevailing trend, the promotion of B5 (5% biodiesel blend) and B10 (10% biodiesel blend), China's existing policy framework, policies embraced by the European Union, as well as alternative biofuels. Our analysis reveals that all scenarios exhibit varying degrees of CO2 emissions reduction by the year 2040. The third scenario, driven by China's informal environmental participation, tax incentives, and supportive policies, yields noteworthy outcomes, albeit less substantial in comparison to the EU policy scenario. The B5-B10 scenario presents a more significant reduction in CO2 emissions, although it proves to be less effective in addressing other pollutant emissions in contrast to the alternative biofuel scenario. Furthermore, the adoption of B5-B10 fuels also carries significant economic advantages, with projected emissions reductions amounting to 1.17 trillion yuan (approximately 0.17 trillion dollars) by 2030. Overall, our findings underscore the global implications of China’s low-carbon transportation strategy. The mutually advantageous interactions between formal environmental policies, informal public engagement, and lessons derived from the European Union's policies collectively shape the sustainable development of China's transportation sector. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

Validation of Lead-Bismuth Thermal Hydraulic Facilities Based on Modified Relap5

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Yixin Zhang, Jiaxin Wang, Chenglong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China

On the basis of not affecting the original computing power of RELAP5, the physical properties of lead and bismuth are added and verified. The important content of this paper is to use the modified RELAP5 to simulate the transient operating conditions carried out on the three lead-bismuth eutectic experimental devices of NACIE, TALL and NCCL, and compare it with the experimental data. The results show that the temperature error of the heating section of the NACIE facility under transient power conditions is within 7%. The error between the calculated value and the experimental value of the final core temperature under each working condition of the TALL facility is within 5%. The temperature simulation error of the experimental section of the NCCL circular tube heat transfer test is within 4%. The research in this paper can provide data and verification support for the development of the lead-bismuth fast reactor project. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fast reactors

Study on Sewage Sludge Drying System with Built-in Solar Drying Bed 3

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Study on Sewage Sludge Drying System with Built-in Solar Dry...

3rd International Symposium on Architecture Research Frontiers and Ecological Environment, ARFEE 2020

作者： Gu, Zhipan Yang, Jichun Liu, Jing Tao, Leren Zhang, Ye Huang, Lihao Instiute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics School of Energy and Power University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang314001 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

In this paper, the renewable energy solar energy is used as the heat source. The combination of solar drying bed and traditional hot air drying can effectively reduce energy consumption and operation cost. The drying chamber is divided into three layers. The top air supply outlet supplies hot air, the middle layer places wet sludge, and the bottom layer uses hot water coil to dry the sludge. The whole drying process is a heat and mass transfer process with convective heat transfer and radiation heat transfer. After analysis and comparison with traditional energy drying, it is found that drying 97.5kg of sewage sludge will save 79% energy, save 12.84 kg of standard coal, reduce 32 kg of carbon dioxide and 1.284 kg of sulphur dioxide. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021.

关键词： Drying

Development and Assessment of a Novel Air/Water Hybrid Cooling System Coupling Two Units for Energy and Water Saving

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Jinshi Xue, Kai Zhang, Guilong Chen, Weixiong Li, Gen Zhang, Juntai Zhang, Guozhu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Datang Environment Industry Group Co. Ltd. Beijing100097 China

For the purpose of reducing coal consumption, decreasing CO2 emission, and improving economic interests of thermal power plants, a novel air/water hybrid cooling system coupling two units has been developed and assessed. The hybridization is achieved by the heat exchange of the circulating cooling water from two units, which is appropriate for the power plants with both water-cooling units and indirect air-cooling units, such as in North China region. Two schemes with different circulating water returning positions were compared on basis of thermodynamic and economic evaluation. Finally, the scheme that cooled circulating water was introduced to the air-cooling tower outlet was considered as the optimal design, which has the coal saving rate of 1.43 g/kWh at the design condition, with a 3.59-year payback period. In addition, this work focused on operation strategies to obtain optimum operation range, contributing to less coal consumption in summer and less water consumption in winter. The results indicate that annual coal consumption can be reduced by about 1400 tons in the reference power plant, the CO2 emission is decreased by 3490 tons, and 50000 tons of water could be saved. This technology is expected to be further promoted to practical engineering for the sustainable development. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermoelectric power plants

Experimental Studies of Liquid Immersion Cooling for 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Under Different Discharging Conditions

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Zhou, Zhifu Hu, Leiming Bai, Minli Gao, Linsong Li, Yulong Liu, Xuanyu Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh15213 United States

In this study, the fluorinated liquid immersion cooling as a new cooling scheme has been tested and discussed for cooling the 18650 lithium-ion battery. OpteonTM SF33, with boiling point of 33.4oC, is chosen as the fluid for the immersion cooling. Comparison of the liquid immersion cooling and convective air cooling for a 18650 lithium-ion battery under 2C, 4C and dynamic load conditions are made. It is found that the immersion cooling better cools the battery cell under all these conditions. Under 4C discharging, the maximum cell temperature rise is 14.06°C for the forced air cooling, while is 4.97°C for the liquid immersion cooling. As the cooling fluid’s temperature basically governs the battery cell temperature, the cooling fluid’s temperature should not be too low. This study demonstrates that the lithium-ion battery has non-negligible power losses under cooling liquid temperature of 10oC and 15oC, compared with temperature above 20oC. Lastly, the two-phase boiling heat transfer mechanisms associated with immersion cooling of lithium-ion battery are discussed with bubble dynamics analysis. It is found under higher C rate, more aggressive boiling heat transfer is induced. The battery temperature is controlled to be below 34.5oC even under 7C discharging condition. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

Synthesis of Fe3o4@Sio2@C/Ni Microspheres for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Jingyun Jia, Zhen Lv, Fanglin Hou, Yunxi Liu, Jianfeng Yu, Shitao Jiang, Long Liu, Yue Liu, Shiwei Li, Lu Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266042 China AVIC Research Institute for Special Structures of Aeronautical Composites 19 Jiqi Road Jinan250000 China Qingdao University of Science and Technology China

With the rapid development of electromagnetic technology and radar, military stealth technology was an important indicator to measure the country's military, and wave-absorbing materials had emerged. In this paper, the absorbing material with a bilayer core-shell structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@C/Ni was prepared and characterized for its structure, composition electromagnetic, etc. The analysis showed that the double-layer core-shell structure was clearly visible and had excellent electromagnetic properties. By varying the thickness of carbon layer and SiO2 layer, the absorption performance of the prepared samples could be adjusted to achieve the best impedance matching. The sample had a minimum reflection loss of-38.5 dB and a maximum effective bandwidth of 7 GHz when its thickness was 4.5 mm, making it a promising choice for absorbing material applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetite

Theoretical Study on Photoacoustic Tweezers Based on Photo-Thermo-Acoustic-Mechanical Coupling Effects

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Zhongguo Jiguang/Chinese Journal of Lasers 2025年第9期52卷

作者： Lin, Zhanle Hu, Feifan Shan, Wanru Li, Dong Chen, Bin Zheng, Yuping Yao, Liang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Department of Ophthalmology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710004 China

Objective Photoacoustic tweezers (PATs) are a promising noninvasive technology for precise microparticle manipulation that leverage the photoacoustic effect to exert controlled forces on particles within a liquid medium. Conventional methods, such as optical and acoustic tweezers, present limitations such as potential damage to particles, inadequate spatial control, and restricted manipulation in three-dimensional (3D) environments. Hence, this study focuses on the theoretical development of a PAT model that integrates photo-thermo-acoustic-mechanical coupling effects. Using a ring-shaped laser beam, this study aims to investigate particle motion and force characteristics under various laser conditions. Additionally, this study seeks to establish a robust theoretical framework for PATs, thus filling the gaps in 3D particle manipulation and providing guidance for the optimization of experimental parameters. Methods A multiphysics coupling model for PATs was constructed to describe the interactions among photo-thermal, acoustic, and mechanical effects in a liquid medium. The model accounts for the transformation of laser energy density into heat and the subsequent thermal expansion, and the generation of acoustic waves that induces acoustic radiation forces and acoustic streaming. A ring-shaped laser beam was employed to create spatially confined acoustic fields that can trap and manipulate particles. Using the finite-element method (FEM) in Comsol software, the model was used to simulate high-frequency pulsed laser effects, including energy transfer, thermal expansion, acoustic wave propagation, and the resultant particle dynamics. The governing equations for the coupled fields were derived by incorporating the spatial and temporal distributions of the laser, the thermal and acoustic properties of the medium, and force interactions on the particles. The acoustic radiation forces were modeled based on Gor’kov potential theory, whereas the acoustic streaming fields wer

关键词： Acoustic emissions

Influence of Salts on Morphology of Structures in Surfactant-Polymer Solutions Explored by Coarse Grained Dynamic Simulation

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Influence of Salts on Morphology of Structures in Surfactant...

作者： Liu, Dongjie Liu, Fei Zhou, Wenjing Chen, Fei Wei, Jinjia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

In this study, a coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulation was employed to test the influence of salts in morphology of structures in surfactant-polymer solutions. The surfactant was cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and the polymer was polyacrylamide (PAM). Six different salt concentrations were studied in the mixed surfactant-polymer solutions, and pure surfactant solutions with salts were also tested as control groups. By analyzing the shapes of micelles and the CTA+ aggregation number of micelles, we noted that the proper salt concentration can facilitate the formation of large micelles. In too high or too low salt concentration solutions only spherical or short rodlike micelles exist. The existence of PAM can also facilitate the formation of large micelles because polymers act as "bridges" and increase the probability of touch and coalescence of micelles. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Morphology