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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Tang, Wendong Jing, Dengwei Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395238

The present work reports the renewable hydrogen production by an anaerobic photocatalytic reforming of formic acid over CdS sensitized Na 2Ti2O4(OH)2 nanotubes, the Na 2Ti2O4(OH)2 nanotube was prepared and charactered by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption, transmission electron microscopy, etc. The activity of the catalyst in formic acid was investigated. The greatest photocatalytic reforming activity of formic acid occurs as the formic acid initial concentration is 20 v.%. A probable mechanism for the photocatalytic reforming process was proposed and discussed. © 2011 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Cadmium sulfide

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Performance of a domestic refrigerator using TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerant as working fluid

Performance of a domestic refrigerator using TiO2-R600a nano...

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作者： Bi, Shengshan Guo, Kai Liu, Zhigang Wu, Jiangtao State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

In this work, an experimental work was investigated on the nano-refrigerant. TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerants were used in a domestic refrigerator without any system reconstruction. The refrigerator performance was then investigated using energy consumption test and freeze capacity test. The results indicate that TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerants work normally and safely in the refrigerator. The refrigerator performance was better than the pure R600a system, with 9.6% less energy used with 0.5 g/L TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerant. Thus, using TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerant in domestic refrigerators is feasible. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Refrigerators

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The effect of substrates and anodes on microbial fuel cell performance

The effect of substrates and anodes on microbial fuel cell p...

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International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP)

作者： Wang, Yun-Hai Xi, Huan Lin, Feng-Jiao Wang, Bai-Shi Chen, Qing-Yun State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9781612843377

In a single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC), the gas diffusion electrode was employed as cathode. Different organic substrates including starch, glucose and drainage from a hotel were used as fuel to generate electricity. Glucose resulted the best electricity production and the highest COD removal ratio. Nickel foam and carbon cloth were employed as anodes and their effect on MFC performance was discussed. The results indicated that nickel foam could enhance the electricity generation, but suffered an anodic corrosion to form nickel phosphate. The MFC internal resistance was 940 Ω with nickel foam as anode while 640 Ω with carbon cloth as anode. The maximum power output on nickel foam is 190 mW m-2. The coulomb efficiency reached up to 90%. The possible mechanism was discussed based on the anodes characterization results. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Anodes

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TiO2-SnO2:F interfacial electronic structure investigated by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

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Physical Review B 2012年第12期85卷 125109-125109页

作者： Coleman X. Kronawitter Mukes Kapilashrami Jonathan R. Bakke Stacey F. Bent Cheng-Hao Chuang Way-Faung Pong Jinghua Guo Lionel Vayssieres Samuel S. Mao Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Tamkang University Tamsui Taiwan Republic of China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China

The electronic structure of the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-fluorine-doped tin dioxide (SnO2:F) interface is investigated by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The measurements probe the site- and symmetry-selected unoccupied density of states and reflect the interaction between an early transition-metal-oxide (d0) semiconductor and a post-transition-metal-oxide (d10) degenerate semiconductor. The distinct interfacial electronic structure of TiO2-SnO2:F is established by contrasting spectra with those for anatase and rutile TiO2, SnO2:F, and ZnO-SnO2:F and CdO-SnO2:F interfaces. Oxygen 1s absorption spectra, which relate to the O 2p partial density of states of the conduction band, indicate that the interface is associated with a reduction in Ti d-O p orbital hybridization and an alteration of the TiO2 crystal field. These observations are consistent with measured titanium 2p absorption spectra, which in addition provide evidence for distortion of long-range order around the cation site in the interfacial TiO2. The TiO2-SnO2:F interface is a functional component of a number of optoelectronic devices, perhaps most notably within the anode structure of solar cell architectures. In nonequilibrium conditions, such as those found in operating solar cells, interfacial electronic structure directly influences performance by modifying, for instance, the quasi-Fermi level electrons and the potential distribution at the transparent electrode.

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Shock tube study on auto-ignition characteristics of kerosene/air mixtures

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第13期56卷 1399-1406页

作者： ZHANG YingJia HUANG ZuoHua WANG JinHua XU ShengLi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi' an Jiaotong University Xi' an 710049 China Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Ignition delay times are obtained for kerosene/air mixtures behind the reflected shock waves at temperatures between 1445 and 1650 K,at a pressure of 0.11 MPa and an equivalence ratio of 1.0.A nebulization device with Laval nozzle is used to nebulize kerosene and form an aerosol phase,which evaporates and diffuses rapidly behind the incident shock *** auto-ignite behind the reflected shock *** ICCD is used to visualize the kerosene/air mixture's ignition *** mixture's ignition intensity increases with increase in initial *** and irregular flames exist below 1515 K while plane and discontinuous flames exist over 1560 *** delay times decrease with increase in initial *** data shows good agreement with results reported previously in the literature.A new surrogate (consisting of 10% toluene,10% ethylbenzene and 80% n-decane) is proposed for *** et al.'s mechanism is used to simulate the ignition of kerosene with calculations agreeing well with the experimental *** sensitivity of reaction H+O2 <=>OH+O,which shows the highest sensitivity to the ignition delay time,increases with an increase in *** chain breaching reaction of CH3 with O2 accelerates the total reaction rate and the H-atom abstraction of n-decane controls the total reaction *** rate of production and instantaneous heat production indicate that two reactions,H+O2 <=>OH+O and O+H2 <=>OH+H,are the key reactions to the formation of OH radicals,as well as the main endothermic ***,the reaction of R3 is the main heat release reaction during *** structure analysis shows that initial pressure is increased slightly as CO and H2O will appear before main ignition.

关键词：空气混合物煤油自燃特性点火延迟时间冲击管反应速率初始温度数据显示

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Eosin Y-sensitized ZnO/TiO2 for efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Eosin Y-sensitized ZnO/TiO2 for efficient visible light phot...

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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Liu, Haipei Jing, Dengwei Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395238

In this work a series of Eosin Y-ZnO(x%)/TiO2 were prepared. ZnO well dispersed on the surface of TiO2, which improves the adsorption of Eosin Y and the excited electron to transfer to the conduction band of TiO2. Therefore the visible light activity of 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO(x%)/TiO2 is much higher than that of the 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-TiO2 and 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO. The 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO(1.5%)/TiO 2 has the highest visible light activity among the catalysts coupled with various ZnO amount, whose activity is increased by a factor of 3.5 compared to that of 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-TiO2. It is proposed that, 0.2%Pt-Eosin Y-ZnO(1.5%)/TiO2 has the optimal trapping sites of carriers and thickness of the space-charge layer on the TiO2 particle surface, so these factors result a more efficient charge separation, an increased lifetime of the charge carriers, and the enhanced of hydrogen production. © 2011 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Analysis of CHF in saturated forced convective boiling on a heated surface with impinging jets using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm

Analysis of CHF in saturated forced convective boiling on a ...

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作者： Cong, Tenglong Chen, Ronghua Su, Guanghui Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

In this paper, a three-layer Back Propagation (BP) algorithm artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting critical heat flux (CHF) in saturated forced convective boiling on a heated surface with impinging jets was trained successfully with a root mean square (RMS) error of 17.39%. The input parameters of the ANN are liquid-to-vapor density ratio, ρl/ ρv, the ratio of characteristic dimension of the heated surface to the diameter of the impinging jet, L/d, reciprocal of the Weber number, 2σ/ρlu2(L - d), and the number of impinging jets, Nj. The output is dimensionless heat flux, qco/ ρvHfgu. Based on the trained ANN, the influence of principal parameters on CHF has been analyzed as follows. CHF increases with an increase in jet velocity and decreases with an increase in L/d and N j. CHF increases with an increase in pressure at first and then decreases. Besides, a new correlation was generalized using genetic algorithm (GA) as a comparison with ANN to confirm the advantage of ANN. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Heat flux

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Numerical computation of aerodynamic noise reduction by using ultra-light porous metals

Numerical computation of aerodynamic noise reduction by usin...

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International Conference on Transportation engineering

作者： Liu, Hanru Wei, Jinjia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an China Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411841

As the speed of high-speed train (HST) increases continuously, aerodynamic noise has become more important compared with the wheel/rail noise, which affects the inhabited environment around the railway and the comfort of passengers. This paper preliminarily investigates the feasibility of reducing the low Mach number aerodynamic noise by using ultra-light porous metals. The noise generated by the flow around a two-dimensional circular cylinder which is the typical unit of pantographs, was simulated with and without a porous media. The hybrid method that combines large eddy simulation (LES) with Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation was employed. The calculated overall sound pressure level (OASPL), vortex shedding frequency and time-average drag coefficient agree well with available experimental data. Then, the effects of porosity and the speed of train on the aerodynamic noise were predicted and explained in view of fluid mechanics. The numerical results indicate that the open cell-type porous media with high porosity can modify and regularize the fluid flow, adjust the vortex shedding frequency, leading to a significant reduction of aerodynamic noise. © 2011 ASCE.

关键词： Porous materials

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Supersonic ejector to boost production from low pressure natural gas field

Supersonic ejector to boost production from low pressure nat...

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International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring

作者： Wu, Gesheng Chong, Daotong Chen, Weixiong Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chendu China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543505

An effective way to boost natural gas production from low pressure gas field was introduced in the paper. The supersonic ejector used the energ off high pressure gas wells, which was generally wasted through the choke valve, as its power supply to boost the low pressure gas production. The field experiment of the natural gas ejector was carried out, and the performance of the ejector was also presented. Moreover, the production of low pressure natural gas well was compared when the natural gas ejector was used or not. The economic analysis shows that the recovery period of the capital was less than several months. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Natural gas

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Experiment of flow boiling heat transfer on micro-pin-finned chips with jet impingement

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Hsi-An Chiao Tung Ta Hsueh/Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2011年第1期45卷 31-37页

作者： Guo, Dong Wei, Jinjia Zhang, Yonghai State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The experiment of flow boiling heat transfer on micro-pin-finned chips in FC-72 with jet impingement was *** experimental conditions consisted of two different liquid subcooling degrees (25,35°C),three different cross flow velocities (Vc=0.5,1,1.5 m/s) and three different jet velocities (Vj=0,1,2 m/s).The dimensions of the silicon chips were 10 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm (length×width×thickness) on which two kinds of micro-pin-fins with the dimensions of 30 μm×120 μm,50 μm×120 μm (thickness×height) were fabricated by the dry etching technique. A smooth surface was also tested for comparison. The correlations for nucleate boiling curves and the maximum allowable heat flux curves were obtained. The results show that the heat transfer performance was improved with increasing liquid subcooling and flow velocity. All micro-pin-finned surfaces displayed a considerable heat transfer enhancement. The addition of jet impingement further enhanced the heat transfer at a high heat flux and increased the CHF. At a certain cross flow velocity, the enhancement was more significant as the jet velocity increased, especially for Vc=0.5 m/s, Vj=2 m/s. For the micro-pin-finned chips, the CHF increased by more than 93% while the subcooling was 35°C compared with Vc=0.5 m/s, Vj=0 m/s. As the cross velocity increased, the intensification degree of jet impingement decreased and the increase of CHF also decreased.

关键词： flow velocity

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