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Thermal Management for the Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Pack by Immersion Cooling with Fluorinated Liquid

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Hu, Chengzhi Liu, Xinyu Gao, Shuai Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

In this study, a novel FS49-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) was proposed and tested for cooling the prismatic lithium-ion battery (LIB) module. The boiling of dielectric refrigerant occurred at the battery surface, which provided strong and uniform cooling for each battery cell. The results show that the peak temperature difference of liquid immersion cooling (LIC) module during 1C rate discharging and charging was reduced by 91.3% and 94.44%, respectively, compared to the natural convection (NC) module. The reduction of temperature nonuniformity greatly reduced the state of charge (SOC) inhomogeneity of different cells within the module. Moreover, the energy density of LIC module can be optimized by reducing the cell spacing and liquid filling ratio. Comparing with 100% filling rate, the module maximum temperature corresponding to 25% filling rate (with wick) during 2C rate discharging is only increased by 1.6°C, however, the module peak temperature difference is reduced by 53.3%, and the energy density is increased by 13.14%. In addition, Equivalent circuit model (ECM) and volume of fluid (VOF) model were used to simulate the LIC module, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This study provides a systematic design plan and numerical method for the engineering application of LIC in the field of BTMS. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

Pattern and Dynamics of Methane/Water Two-Phase Flow in Deep-Shale Illite Nanoslits

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Rui Yang, Xu Li, Gao Zheng, Wenxiu Zou, Zhenhai Sun, Chengzhen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Chengdu610500 China Air and Missile Defense College Air Force Engineering University Shaanxi Xi’an710051 China Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan430202 China

Developing deep shale gas is crucial for the sustainable development of unconventional energy sources. Deep shale has a high illite content, and understanding the structure and flow behaviors of methane and water coexisting in deep shale illite nanoslits is essential for methane transport and production in deep shale reservoirs. Here, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the methane and water flow characteristics in slit-shaped illite nanopores. The effects of water saturation, acceleration, and pore size on two-phase flow are elucidated. The results show that water molecules preferentially adsorb on the surface of the illite channel. As the water saturation increases, the water phase gradually forms a water film, water bridge, and water lock, ultimately creating methane nanobubbles surrounded by the water phase. The existence of the water phase compresses the methane flow space. With increasing water saturation, the peak methane density near the channel wall gradually disappears, and the density distribution curves show parabolic shapes. The methane flow flux decreases with the increase of water saturation, mainly when the water saturation increases from 0% to 40%. In illite slits with pore sizes ranging from 2 to 4 nm, the flow rates of water and methane increase with increased pore size. These results are expected to provide insights into developing deep shale gas reservoirs, such as optimizing hydraulic fracturing design and reliably predicting production performance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methane

Study on the Flame Structure and Flow Field of Hydrogen-Enriched Combustion in Array Micro-Tube

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tian, Liang Feng, Wenbin Han, Xiao Liu, Yuzhi Liu, Hongfang Cai, Xiao School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero thermodynamics Research Institute of Aero-Engine Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine Beihang University Beijing100191 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are critical priorities. Utilizing hydrogen-rich methane or pure hydrogen as fuels within gas turbines, facilitated by array micro-tube premixed combustion technology, is anticipated to markedly accelerate the decarbonization process of the energy sector. In this study, the flame structure of the array micro-tube premixed burner under various fuel compositions was examined using OH-Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement techniques. The effects of the equivalence ratio (φ) and the hydrogen power ratio (HPR) on the characteristics of the flame front, including its curvature, density, volume, and the associated flow field properties, were discussed. As φ and HPR increase, the wrinkled structure of the flame front is significantly enhanced, with a more pronounced effect on smaller scales. This enhancement leads to the separation of the unburned pockets from the main flame. Concurrently, both the flame length and flame area decrease with the augmentation of φ and HPR, indicating a more concentrated combustion process and increased combustion intensity under hydrogen-enriched and pure hydrogen conditions. The study also observed a slight increase in both the negative and positive curvatures of the flame front, with a more notable increase in negative curvature. The increased negative curvature results in an elevated degree of wrinkling and a higher value of Σ (flame surface density), reaching a maximum of 0.876 mm-1 under the conditions where φ is 0.8 and (mean progress variable) is 0.5, resulting in the smallest observed flame volume of 100.6 mm3. Upon coupling the flame with the flow field, it was discovered that the exit flow field of the array micro-tube exhibits symmetry and a characteristic conical flame shape. The burning velocity of the side flame brushes increases, and the velocity peak shifts upstream. The above findings confirms that the additio

关键词： Flow fields

Evaluation of droplet drag force model on spray and atomization behaviours of R134a flashing spray 14

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Evaluation of droplet drag force model on spray and atomizat...

14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ICLASS 2018

作者： Zhou, Zhi-Fu Lu, Guan-Yu Zhang, Lu Chen, Bin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Flashing spray is of great importance in a variety of engineering fields, which occurs as the pressurized liquid is released into a low-pressure environment below its saturation pressure. This paper conducts a systematically numerical study on the spray and thermal characteristics of R134a flashing spray with high volatility and low saturation temperature, using a modified sprayFoam solver in the open source tool OpenFOAM-2.4.0. key physics involved in the complex process, including droplet flash boiling, evaporation, droplet transport, breakup, heat transfer and interaction between droplet and gas phases are taken into consideration. The emphasis is put on the droplet drag force model and nozzle diameter on flashing spray including spray morphology, droplet diameter, velocity and temperature. The result indicates that most of the drag force models have little effect on droplet diameter, velocity and temperature distributions in flashing spray, except the Khan-Richardson (K-R) model. The K-R model predicts lower temperature, higher velocity and larger size of droplet, compared to other models. The nozzle diameter greatly affects R134a spray morphology and tip penetration, that smaller diameter contributes to a larger radial expansion at the near nozzle region while leading to a much smaller penetration distance. This research give a useful guidance that how people choose the appropriate drag force model for simulation of flashing spray. © 2018 Solar Turbines Incorporated.

关键词： Morphology

Thermal Management for the 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Pack by Immersion Cooling with Fluorinated Liquid

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Hu, Chengzhi Gao, Linsong Liu, Xinyu Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

In this work, a new battery thermal management system (BTMS) utilizing a SF33-based liquid immersion cooling (LIC) scheme has been proposed. Firstly, the comparative investigation focuses on the temperature response of the LIC and forced air cooling (FAC) modules in different scenarios. The results demonstrate that LIC module effectively mitigates heat accumulation, thereby presenting notable advantages in terms of temperature control and equalization, even though the LIC module works under the stage without phase change occurrence. During 2C and 3C charging, the highest temperatures of the LIC module are observed to be 10 °C and 19.1 °C only lower than those of the FAC module, respectively. Furthermore, the highest temperature differences of the LIC module are only 12.89% and 8.57% of the corresponding values exhibited by the FAC module. Moreover, the associated cooling energy consumption for the LIC module is greatly reduced, amounting to only 16.47% and 43.76% of that required by the FAC module. Subsequently, an active control scheme for the LIC is initially proposed, and the phase change process of the LIC under various discharging rates is recorded and analyzed using a high-speed camera. This study serves as a preliminary proof of concept for the feasibility of SF33-based LIC scheme in BTMS. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

Preparation and Application of Red Mud-Based Zero-Valent Iron Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst: A New Idea for Red Mud Recycling

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Hang Shi, Bofang Fu, Xiaojie Zhang, Haowen Yang, Honghui Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

As an abundant hazardous waste, red mud needs a simple and effective mean of resource utilization. Herein, a novel zero-valent iron heterogeneous Fenton catalyst RMB-900 was synthesized by pyrolysis (900°C) using red mud and straw with a facile solvent-free carbothermal redox approach. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Fe2O3 in the red mud was reduced to Fe0. Characterization data showed that RMB-900 was a zero-valent iron loaded porous material. Under the conditions of 2.86 mM H2O2, 100 mg/L acid red G, and 1 g/L RMB-900, 98% of acid red G was removed within 10 min, the reaction rate constant is 6.7 folds higher than that of commercial zero-valent iron. The RMB-900/H2O2 system also showed good degradability to antibiotics (Sulfamethoxazole, Ibuprofen and Carbamazepine). H2O2 is mainly catalysed by Fe0 in RMB-900 to generate •OH for ARG degradation. RMB-900 still showed excellent catalytic performance after standing for four months and after being reused nine times. This study not only prepared a catalyst with low cost, high stability, and great potential for wastewater treatment through a simple and green solvent-free method, but also provided a research basis for further exploration of red mud-based catalysts. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Modified Carbon as Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Ziyi Wang, Silang Wen, Bo Xiao, Jiyuan Yang, Guorui Ding, Shujiang School of Chemistry Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices Ministry of Education "Four Joint Subjects One Union" School Enterprise Joint Research Center for Power Battery Recycling & Circulation Utilization Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The rational disposal of waste tires poses a ubiquitous challenge globally. Pyrolytic carbon black, a solid by-product produced through pyrolysis, has great application prospects. Carbon-based materials are regard as the most potential commercial anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) ， which features cheap, environmentally friendly, and low reaction potential. In this study, three-dimensional vertical graphene composite (TCBp@VGSs) was synthesized from waste tires. The graphene with higher defectiveness offers an increased number of active sites for Na+, while the vertically aligned graphene facilitates rapid electron transfer. As a result, the TCBp@VGSs electrode demonstrates the ability to maintain a reversible capacity of 252.7 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g-1. Furthermore, it exhibits a sustained rate performance of 105.4 mA h g-1 at a current density of 5 A g-1. Moreover, even after 1900 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1, a reversible capacity of 171.5 mA h g-1 is retained, showcasing good stability and a significantly higher capacity compared to TCBp-1100. This study introduces novel approaches for the high-value utilization of solid-phase by-products from waste tires, offering certain economic benefits, and contributes fresh insights into the advancement of SIBs anodes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphene

Numerical study on oxy-fuel co-combustion of semi-coke and coal in utility boiler: Insight into NOx emission and combustion efficiency 7

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Numerical study on oxy-fuel co-combustion of semi-coke and c...

7th International Conference on power engineering, ICOPE 2019

作者： Feng, Qinqin Wang, Chang'an Lv, Qiang Zhao, Lin Du, Yongbo Wang, Pengqian Zhang, Jingwen Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Oxy-fuel combustion is clean and efficient combustion technology, which not only benefits the large-scale capture of CO2 but also reduces NOx emission, and then promotes the efficient and clean utilization of carbon-based solid fuels. This study mainly aimed at the oxy-fuel co-combustion of semi-coke and coal in utility boiler with special insight into NOx emission and combustion efficiency. The simulation results showed that when the blending ratio of semi-coke was 45%, the NOx concentration at the furnace outlet under oxy-fuel condition was increased with the oxygen content. The flue gas circulation modes ("dry" versus "wet") had insignificant impact on the NOx emission when the initial oxygen concentration was set as 24% and 27%. When the blending ratio of semi-coke was 70%, the differences of NOx emission between "dry" and "wet" flue gas circulation modes were enlarged with rise in oxygen content under oxy-fuel condition. For oxy-fuel cases, despite of the growth of burnout ratio, the carbon content in fly ash first increased and then decreased with the rise of oxygen content. With the oxygen concentration increased to 30%, lower carbon content in fly ash and higher burnout ratio could be observed in comparison to the cases under air condition. © ICOPE 2019 - 7th International Conference on power engineering, Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fly ash

Selectivity catalytic reduction of NO by CO over Fe-Cu oxides supported on rice hull Ash(Rha) 7

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Selectivity catalytic reduction of NO by CO over Fe-Cu oxide...

7th International Conference on power engineering, ICOPE 2019

作者： Teng, Zhaohui Fu, Liang Li, Na Zhou, Qulan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xian710049 China

The present work contains the studies of catalytic reduction of NO with CO over 20 wt.% bimetallic Fe-Cu transition metal oxides supported on rice hull ash (RHA) and γ-Al2O3, which were prepared by various procedures. All catalysts contained CuO and Fe2O3 alongside with CuFe2O4. The catalytic activity kinetics for NO and CO reduction reaction mechanism was obviously improved over the synthesized RHA when compared to alumina support. And bimetallic metal catalyst Fe2Cu1/RHA demonstrated a high conversion of NO at all the temperatures examined. This was due to the strong interaction of Cu-Fe with the amorphous silica and activated carbon in RHA and high dispersion on the supporter. NO was almost reacted to N2 over Fe2Cu1/RHA from room temperature to 500℃ and O2 has little influence on it in our experiment conditions. About 100% CO was oxidized after 150℃ over Fe2Cu1/RHA. All the materials showed an unchanged stability over the period of 20h. Metallic copper and iron were the active species. The present results suggest that bimetallic Fe-Cu transition metal oxides supported on rice hull ash (RHA) can be used as an applicable catalyst to selectively reduce NO and CO. © ICOPE 2019 - 7th International Conference on power engineering, Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reduction