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Heavy Oil Upgrading Using Naoh/Cuso4 Composite Catalyst in Aquathermolysis

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhou, Yantao Zhao, Qiuyang Miao, Yan Wang, Xuetao Zhang, Yanlong Wang, Yechun Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xinjin Weihua Institute of Clean Energy Research Foshan528216 China

To obtain an inexpensive and efficient catalyst in the in-situ upgrading of heavy oil, the NaOH/CuSO4 composite catalyst was proposed in this work. Firstly, the experiments found the viscosity of heavy oil increased with addition of CuSO4 under 300°C in aquathermolysis. Then, the addition of NaOH was found to improve the catalyst capacity of CuSO4 significantly. The NaOH/CuSO4 decreased the viscosity by 81.43% under 300°C. The further analysis revealed the Cu atoms of CuSO4 enter into the heavy oil molecules to increase viscosity, and the NaOH inhabits the viscosity increasing reaction. Besides, the Cu and CuOx with a higher catalytic capacity produced with the addition of NaOH. These conclusions are helpful to understand the aquathermolysis upgrading mechanism and develop a type of inexpensive and efficient composite catalyst. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

Experimental Study on Liquid Immersion Preheating of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Low Temperature Environment

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Bao, Jiakang Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Jizu, Lyu Li, Yang Huang, Heng Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mechanical Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China

In this paper, a single-phase immersion preheating experimental test platform is constructed to analyze the immersion preheating, the preheating performance, and the energy consumption. Immersion preheating has a major improvement on the low-temperature performance of the lithium cell, and the warming rate during preheating varies depending on the temperature (-25°C, -15°C, -5°C, 5°C, 15°C, 25°C) is very close to each other. The inlet temperature has a greater influence on the preheating performance than other factors, increasing the inlet temperature is favorable to rate of warming, but will increase the cell safety risks. Flow rate and battery spacing increases on the rate of increase in temperature of the impact is gradually weakened, the rising inlet flows on the battery pack module temperature difference has a greater impact, the spacing increases on the battery cell and the battery pack temperature difference is gradually reduced, even so the maximum battery temperature difference is still controlled to 6℃ or less. In addition, immersion preheating has lower utilization of heat and higher energy consumption, and the preheating energy consumption at ambient temperature -25℃ has exceeded 80 % of the rated capacity of experimental battery packs. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

Experimental Study of Liquid Immersion Cooling for Different Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Rapid Charging Conditions

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Lv, Jizu Hu, Chengzhi Gao, Linsong Peng, Chunyang Li, Yulong Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

In this study, the fluorinated liquid immersion cooling scheme has been proposed and tested for cooling the six different types of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under fast charging conditions. SF33, with the boiling point of 33.4 °C, is chosen as the fluorinated liquid for the immersion cooling. Firstly, the voltage and temperature responses of LIBs under fast charging conditions with natural convection and SF33 immersion cooling were explored. It is found that the SF33 immersion cooling has a significant advantage over natural convection on controlling the battery temperature, thus ensuring the stability and safety of LIBs in the fast charging process. Subsequently, the high-speed photography was used to observe the bubble behaviors in the cooling process of SF33, and the heat transfer mechanism in the two-phase heat transfer process corresponding to immersion cooling of LIB was preliminary analyzed and discussed. It can be concluded that when the charging current is higher, the phenomenon of subcooled boiling as well as saturation boiling is generated in the SF33. The transition from single-phase convective heat transfer to boiling heat transfer greatly increases the heat transfer coefficient. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Liquids

Regulation Mechanism Study of Intermediate Products During Supercritical Water Gasification

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Cui Feng, Huifang Jin, Hui School of Water and Environment Chang’an University Xi’an710054 China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education Chang’an University Xi’an710054 China Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources Chang’an University Xi’an710054 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China

Supercritical water (SCW) gasification technology can realize efficient utilization of coal, which can convert coal to hydrogen-rich gas. But polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy components, intermediates of supercritical water gasification, are easy to form char, preventing complete gasification of coal. In this paper, phenol is recycled to reduce the formation of these intermediates during SCW gasification, and the regulation mechanism is investigated. The results illustrate that the organics removal rate reaches about 98% with the effect of phenol. Phenol can improve the gasification performance by promoting the conversion of heavy components to lightweight components. The transient reactivity of coal in the polycondensation stage is enlarged about 50 times with phenol. The regulation mechanism of phenol on the polycondensation stage during coal gasification is investigated by analyzing the evolution of microstructure in coal. Decomposition of SCW forms hydroxyl radicals, which replaces the substituents on benzene ring, making the benzene ring dissociate into small molecules that are easy to polymerize. The interacting force between phenol and multi-rings disrupts the conjugate structure, promoting the organics with multi-ting decomposed into small molecules. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal

Waterside Corrosion of M5 Alloy in Simulated Primary Coolant and Supercritical Water: Influences of Aqueous Environments

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jiang, Guanyu Liu, Lu Xu, Donghai Li, Yanhui Kuang, Wenjun Wang, Mingjun Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Province Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An China

M5 alloy is highly potential to serve as cladding materials in nuclear reactors. In this work, corrosion characteristics of M5 alloy in lithiated/borated water and pure supercritical water were investigated, and influences of aqueous environments on the corrosion process were clarified. Oxide films formed on the alloy mainly consisted of m-ZrO2. In the coolant environment, Li+ and OH- shared a synergistic effect on the occurrence and acceleration of waterside corrosion. Boric acid can react with OH- to induce B-(OH) formation and participate in the generation of zirconium borate to alleviate the accelerated corrosion effect by LiOH. In supercritical water, M5 alloy showed weight loss due to localized oxide exfoliation, and dissolved oxygen resulted in serious pitting of the oxide film. The microcrack density and porosity were significantly larger than those in the coolant environment, and long transverse cracks parallel to the O/M interface existed. Oxide deposition in two environments was both observed, and the phenomenon was discussed. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coolants

Editorial of special issue (SI) "Multi-scale physics on fluid flow and heat transfer (Multi-scale PFFHT)"

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International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 2025年 115卷

作者： Cheng, Lixin Bai, Bofeng Zhang, Haibin Wissink, Jan Gerard School of Engineering and Built Environment Sheffield Hallam University City Campus Howard Street SheffieldS11WB United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Brunel University of London Kingston Lane UxbridgeUB8 3PH United Kingdom

Dye visualization of the wake of a near-wall particle in response to a periodic oscillation

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Measurement: Sensors 2021年 13卷

作者： Li, Xing Zhang, Haibin Bai, Bofeng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'anShaanxi710049 China

In turbulent dispersed multiphase flows, the interaction between the particle wake and the ambient turbulent fluctuation can be crucial for the change of the multiphase system. This issue is extremely complex due to the chaotic nature of the turbulence. In this paper, the ambient turbulent fluctuation of certain frequency is simulated by the Karman vortex street behind a horizontally placed cylinder, and the response of the wake of a stationary near-wall particle to the oncoming oscillation is investigated. The dye visualization is used to mark the vortex structures of the wake and the oncoming oscillation, respectively, and power spectrum analysis is conducted to reveal the features in the frequency domain. Results show that at relatively low Rep, the oncoming oscillation has little effect on the wake. As Rep increases, the response of the wake to the oncoming oscillation is evident. High-frequency fluctuation dissipates very fast and only exists near the particle. On the contrary, the life span of the low-frequency fluctuation lasts for a much longer period and exists far downstream. In addition, the self-induced vortex shedding is not notable and is overwhelmed by the oncoming oscillation. © 2020 The Author(s)

关键词： Wakes

Numerical simulation of bubble behavior in a quasi-2D fluidized bed using a bubble-based EMMS model

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Particuology 2019年第5期17卷 40-54页

作者： Hao Wang Youjun Lu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China

Bubbles formed during chemical processes in fluidized beds govern the bed hydrodynamics and opera-tional efficiency, thereby having a significant impact on their design and scale-up. In this study, a two-fluid model was used to simulate the bubble behavior in a quasi-two-dimensional fluidized bed within the bubble-based energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) approach. We performed experiments to verify the model and proposed a correlation of the heterogeneous index for various parameters to calculate the coefficient of drag for the bubble-based EMMS model. Moreover, the simulation results obtained from the homogeneous drag models and EMMS bubbling model were compared with experimental data and empirical correlations. The simulation results of the EMMS approach showed good agreement with the experimental data in the distribution of the vertical bubble velocity with chord length. Compared with the results from the homogeneous models, the distributions of vertical velocity and diameter of the bubbles predicted by the EMMS-bubbling model were in better agreement with empirical correlations. Moreover, the frequency distributions of bubble properties including bubble diameter, aspect ratio, and shape factor for different gas-inlet velocities were obtained.

关键词： Energy minimization multi-scale approach Heterogeneous index Fluidized bed Bubble

Interlink between Abnormal Water Imbibition in Hydrophilic and Rapid Flow in Hydrophobic Nanochannels

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第18期132卷 184001-184001页

作者： Runfeng Zhou Mehdi Neek-Amal Francois M. Peeters Bofeng Bai Chengzhen Sun State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 China Department of Physics Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University 16875-163 Lavizan Tehran Iran Departement Fysica Universiteit Antwerpen Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerpen Belgium Departamento de Física Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza-CE 60455-760 Brazil

Nanoscale extension and refinement of the Lucas-Washburn model is presented with a detailed analysis of recent experimental data and extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate rapid water flow and water imbibition within nanocapillaries. Through a comparative analysis of capillary rise in hydrophilic nanochannels, an unexpected reversal of the anticipated trend, with an abnormal peak, of imbibition length below the size of 3 nm was discovered in hydrophilic nanochannels, surprisingly sharing the same physical origin as the well-known peak observed in flow rate within hydrophobic nanochannels. The extended imbibition model is applicable across diverse spatiotemporal scales and validated against simulation results and existing experimental data for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanochannels.

关键词： Imbibition & injection Nanofluidics Molecular dynamics Navier-Stokes equation