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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Yang, Sifan Zhao, Quanbin Jia, Yifan Ou, Kejie Hu, Guangtao Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To achieve low-carbon operation of distributed multi-energy system (DMES) and enhance its activity in the energy market, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective Stackelberg game model. The DMES operator (DMEO) acts as the leader, guiding users’ behavior through DMES optimal scheduling and multi-energy pricing. The optimization objectives include maximizing DMEO revenues, minimizing DMES primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. The users act as followers, adjusting energy demand based on upper-level energy pricing with the objective of maximizing consumption surplus. To achieve the low-carbon and flexible operation of DMES, carbon trading and demand response mechanisms are introduced. The upper-level model is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III), while the lower-level model is solved by the Gurobi solver. Furthermore, a robust optimization model with adjustable robust measure is established to mitigate the impact of renewable energy uncertainty. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by a data center in Qinghai. Compared with traditional Stackelberg game model, the proposed model reduces DMEO revenue by 0.63% but decreases carbon emissions by 1.64% and energy consumption by 1.59%. Under this optimization framework, the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of DMES are 0.798 and 0.535, and the share of renewable energy is 34.6%. Besides, increasing renewable energy uncertainty leads to lower DMEO revenue, higher carbon emissions and energy consumption, while significantly reducing energy efficiency and exergy efficiency. The proposed multi-objective Stackelberg game model may provide some references for multi-stage energy system optimization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Thermal-Hydraulic Characteristics of Helical Cruciform Single Rod Based on Cfd Investigation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Yiwen Zhang, Dalin Jiang, Dianqiang Wang, Xinan Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The helical cruciform fuel (HCF) takes advantages of strong mixing effects, self-supporting features, and strengthened heat transfer, potential to increase the fuel performance in nuclear reactors. In this work, hydraulic resistance and heat transfer characteristics of an HCF single rod cooled by water were studied based on CFD simulation. Various turbulent models were compared based on experimental data. The velocity field, transverse velocity, wall temperature, and fluid temperature distribution were obtained to discuss influences of geometric sizes on the fuel performance. After 3/8 of the pitch, flow was fully developed. The friction factor and surface heat transfer coefficient were higher with a shorter twist pitch owing to stronger mixing effect while they kept unchanged with variable cross-section sizes but a fixed equivalent diameter. Correlations of friction factor and surface heat transfer coefficient were proposed considering geometric modified coefficients based on a geometric dimensionless number, which were validated with new geometric cases. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Development and Validation of Fully-Coupled Subchannel Analysis Code for Lmr within the Moose Framework

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhu, Xinyang Chen, Ronghua Wang, Jinshun Niu, Yuhang Wu, Yingwei Zhang, Dalin Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

As one of the Gen IV advanced reactors, liquid metal reactor(LMR) holds promising prospects for its high fuel efficiency and excellent inherent safety performance. Owing to its complex working conditions and ultra-high operating temperature, a thermal-hydraulic analysis of the reactor core is gradually playing a bigger role in recent years. Therefore, a subchannel code FLARE for LMRs is developed within the MOOSE ***, a hybrid discretization approach involving DG and FEM as well as the JFNK method are employed to solve the equations in a fully-coupled way. To validate the computational accuracy and convergence of FLARE code, comparisons between the calculation values of FLARE, those of other programs and the experimental data are performed using 7-pin, 19-pin and 37-pin assembly experiments. The computational results indicate a good agreement between FLARE, experimental values, and other programs. In conclusion, FLARE code possesses the capability to accurately analyze LMR core. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reactor cores

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Exploring Comprehensive Properties of a Novel Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase Change Material Of Lauric Acid-Palmitic Acid- Tetradecyl Alcohol/Vitrified Beads for Thermal Energy Storage

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yan, Qiuhui Jia, Mengyu Luo, Jieren Meng, Zeyu School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an710055 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Excellent thermal properties are the cornerstone of phase change materials (PCMs) employed for energy storage, and leakage prevention and sufficient strength are the key problems that must be solved in the practical application process of PCMs. Therefore, the advantages of ternary PCMs (Lauric Acid-Palmitic Acid-Tetradecyl Alcohol, LA-PA-TA) and adsorbent carriers (Vitrified Bead, VB) are integrated to obtain a novel LA-PA-TA/VB composite PCM which exhibits favorable phase change temperature (20.1°C-20.5°C) and excellent subcooling (0.4°C). Then, the novel LA-PA-TA/VB is encapsulated with five materials to form shape-stabilized PCMs to reduce leakage. The experiments show that a shape-stabilized LA-PA-TA/VB (SS-LA-PA-TA/VB) encapsulated with the real stone paint emulsion-cement powder presents the optimal packaging effect, namely superior stability and reliability with low mass loss ratio of only 2.67% after 50 times phase change cycles. Next, the SS-LA-PA-TA/VB of the optimal package is further made into thermal energy storage mortar (TESM) with different SS-LA-PA-TA/VB content. It is shown that the thermal properties of TESM increase and the mechanical properties decrease with LA-PA-TA/VB. However, even with the LA-PA-TA up to 30% (30TESM), the compressive strength, flexural strength, apparent density, water absorption, and softening coefficient of the TESM still meets the Chinese National Standard, and some microscopic mechanisms have been investigated. Lastly, temperature regular ability and heat insulation performance of 30TESM and reference mortar are compared by temperature probe embedded inside the mortar blocks and installed in experiential small room. The results present that internal temperature of the mortar blocks, backside and central temperature of small room are 5.4°C, 5.6°C and 2.1°C lower than that of the reference group, respectively. It is thus clear that the novel low cost TESM exhibits a good temperature damping effect and temperature control p

关键词： Phase change materials

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Development of a Two-Phase flow Solver with Drift-Flux Model Based on Openfoam: Validation Against Single/Two-Phase and Boiling flow

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wu, Wenqiang Zhang, Dalin Huang, Tao Du, Peng Zhou, Lei Wang, Bo Deng, Jian Qiu, Zhifang Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Avenue Chengdu610213 China

Based on the open-source platform OpenFOAM, this paper implements a two-phase flow solver for drift flux models with realistic closure relations. The solver inherits the numerical method from the OpenFOAM framework, adopts the PIMPLE algorithm, and follows its discrete and matrix-solving criteria, focusing on developing a two-phase flow model and constitutive models. The drift velocity model is based on Ishii and his collaborators’ work. The remaining models, such as wall friction, wall heat transfer, interfacial heat and mass transfer, are taken from TRACE Theory Manual. To fulfill the condition of conjugate heat transfer between fluid and solid, a virtual solid heat transfer function is developed under the premise of a single-domain solver. Extensive and successful validation has been conducted involving single-phase, two-phase, and boiling flow heat transfer phenomena by comparing with experimental data or typical system codes, and the two-phase flow solver's success has been demonstrated in several aspects. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Two phase flow

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A Novel Demand Response-Based Distributed Multi-Energy System Optimal Operation Framework for Data Centers

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Hu, Xiaoyang Sun, Zhiyong Zhao, Quanbin Chong, Daotong Xue, Kai Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To address the increasing energy demands in data centers, distributed multi-energy system (DMES) may provide an efficient solution to achieve clean and sustainable energy supply. The use of a DMES optimal scheduling approach with source-load interaction plays a crucial role in improving data center performance. In this study, A DMES coupled by photovoltaics, wind turbines, ground source heat pump, internal combustion engines, electric chillers, absorption chillers, and energy storage devices is proposed. Considering the flexibility of workload scheduling and the challenges of renewable energy consumption, an integrated demand response model is established that considers time-of-use pricing and renewable energy peak subsidies. Then, a clean and economical optimal operation model for DMES based on proposed demand response and carbon trading mechanisms is established. Finally, to enhance the robustness of scheduling, the impacts of uncertainties in renewable energy output and demand response on system operation are analyzed by combining the Monte Carlo method and the interval method. Case study results demonstrate that implementing the proposed demand response and carbon trading mechanism improves data center performance by reducing total costs by 1.85%, carbon emissions by 0.56%, electricity purchases by 2.93%, while increasing renewable energy utilization by 0.77%. Additionally, optimization considering multiple uncertainties, results in higher total costs and broader interval widths compared to single-factor uncertainty optimization, but reduces system operational risk. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Numerical Investigation on Combustion Characteristics and NOx Emission of Double-Reheat Tower Boiler at Different Loads 9th

Numerical Investigation on Combustion Characteristics and NO...

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9th International Symposium on Coal Combustion, ISCC 2019

作者： Zhang, Yan Ma, Shihao Guo, Jin Li, Yuesheng Zhu, Zhengrong He, Jiaqi Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China Guangdong Institue of Special Equpiment and Research Foshan528251 China Guangdong Institue of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Shunde Institue of Inspection Foshan528300 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811616563

In this study, a three-dimensional numerical investigation using a finite volume method is presented to obtain the velocity, temperature, and species distributions in a 660 MW double-reheat tower boiler fed with bituminous coal. The refined oxidation model of HCN and NO-char reaction model were used to substitute the default model by the user-defined functions (UDFs). The effects of different loads and excess air ratios on combustion characteristics and NOx emission were studied numerically. The results show that temperature distribution is more uneven at the upper part of the furnace and the NOx emission increases as the load decreases. The temperature distributions in the furnace have little differences under three different excess air ratios. That the oxygen concentration increases significantly as the increase of excess air ratios leads to an increase of NOx emission at the furnace outlet. The minimum NOx concentration at the furnace outlet, 308 ppm, appears under 100% THA with excess air ratio of 1.15. The simulation results in this study can provide reference for optimization of combustion characteristics in double-reheat tower boiler and illustrate a method to reduce NOx emission. © 2022, Tsinghua University Press.

关键词： Furnaces

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Numerical Investigation on the Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of a Cryogenic Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Liquid Air Energy Storage

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yu, Pengfei Liu, Hu Xue, Jingwen Zhang, Yankang Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China

The liquid air energy storage integrated with liquefied natural gas regasification is a promising large-scale storage method, but its development is limited by the lack of the thermal-hydraulic data of the cryogenic printed circuit heat exchanger. In this paper, a reduced numerical model for conjugate heat transfer was established, and the effect of the inclined angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) was investigated. The minimum internal temperature approach for optimal system operation is approximately 6 K, located in the middle of the heat exchanger. The nature of local flow and heat transfer was analyzed by quantifying the vortex strength and visualizing the vortex core. Results indicate that the evolution of Dean vortices plays a crucial role in heat transfer augmentation. The secondary flow caused by the elbow forces the velocity and temperature cores to strike the windward side periodically, which disturbs the boundary layer and enhances the fluid mixing. Entropy production analysis shows that the thermal entropy generation has a dominant share of the irreversibility. The zigzag channel with an inclined angle of 45° yields the best comprehensive performance since the irreversibility is reduced by augmenting the heat transfer. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air

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Experimental Study of an Aluminum Based Three-Dimensional Thermosyphon Heat Sink with Microscale Enhancement Structure

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yang, Xiaoping Bu, Shichao Jiang, Zhuye Zhou, Yao Sun, Zhen Zhang, Yonghai Wei, Jinjia School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology ZTE Corporation Hillsides China

Heat dissipation is a significant factor limiting the advancement of electronics. Currently, air cooling remains the most widely used method for heat dissipation due to the advantages of low-cost and easy-maintenance. However, the traditional air-cooling method based on all-solid heat sink fails to meet the fast development in thermal power of electronics because its limitation in area expansion by only solid fins. In this study, an aluminum based three-dimensional thermosyphon (3D-TS) coupling boiling-condensation heat transfer and forced air cooling is proposed to overcome the limitation of conventional air cooling methods. Meanwhile, micro pin-fins structure is used to enhance the boiling heat transfer as well as the performance of the 3D-TS. Using the environmentally friendly refrigerant R1233zd(E) as working fluid, the performance of the 3D-TS is experimentally studied and analyzed under different air volume flow rates. The results show that the total thermal resistance decreases firstly and then increases with the heating power, which is mainly dominated by the boiling mode on the substrate. Moreover, the micro pin-fins greatly enhances the boiling heat transfer on the substrate of the 3D-TS, which enables the 3D-TS to reach a minimum thermal resistance of 0.075 K/W and a maximum thermal dissipating power of 650 W with the temperature of the heating source below 85 °C. The 3D-TS proposed in this work is able to meet the cooling requirements of most high-performance chips. This paper provides valuable reference and guidance for the design and optimization of the phase-change devices. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum

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The Performance Study on Hydrogen Production From Medium Temperature Methane Chemical Looping Steam Reforming Using Lithium-based Absorbent

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2025年第5期46卷 1401-1408页

作者： Wang, Xuyun Li, Yang Gai, Zhongrui Rao, Qiong Liu, Mingkai Pan, Ying School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Lithium silicate serves as a novel CO2 absorbent with moderate absorptionregeneration temperature range (500∼700◦C) and excellent cycling stability. In this study, Li2CO3 was selected as the precursor for the preparation of lithium silicate. Additionally, a eutectic co-doping method with potassium elements was employed to enhance its reactivity. Using extrusion-spheronization, we successfully produced absorbent particles with high mechanical strength and cycling stability. The effects of absorption-regeneration temperature, CO2 concentration and particle diameter on the performance of absorbent particles have been studied in detail. Furthermore, mixed with NiO oxygen carriers, sorption-enhanced chemical looping reforming (SE-CLR) experiments were conducted at the range of 500∼650◦C for hydrogen production and in situ CO2 capture factors such as reaction temperatures and oxygen carrier to absorbent mass ratios were then investigated The results showcase that at the optimal reaction temperature of 600◦C, the SE-CLR process effectively lowered the reaction temperature by 25◦C, achieving a 13% increase in methane conversion rate and hydrogen purity and CO2 capture rate above 90% were attained. © 2025 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicates

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