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Analysis of three-dimensional flow field and reactor vessel impact failure in sodium-cooled fast reactor core disruptive accident

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Applied Thermal engineering 2025年

作者： Jian Zhao Jing Zhang Yingwei Wu Guanghui Su Wenxi Tian Suizheng Qiu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Following a core disruptive accident (CDA) in a pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor, a high-energetic gas cavity forms at the core region and undergoes rapid volumetric expansion within milliseconds. This transient hydrodynamic phenomenon displaces liquid sodium coolant and applies substantial impulsive loads to the main vessel’s upper shielding cover, potentially exceeding its structural integrity limits. To accurately investigate the multiphase flow state and structural response mechanisms during the accident, this paper employs a fluid–solid coupling methodology integrating the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT and the finite element analysis (FEA) package ABAQUS, enabling cross-scale coupling calculations via dynamic load transfer, from macroscopic flow field characteristics to millimeter-scale sealing structure behavior. The study elucidates the characteristics of various phases of the accident. In the initial phase, the positive reactivity induced by core disintegration leads to an exponential increase in gas cavity pressure and temperature. During the expansion phase, the shock pressure of liquid sodium impacting the bottom of the plug exhibits two pronounced high-pressure peaks (transient maxima: 14.5 MPa). These coupled thermo-mechanical phenomena originate from energy − concentrated two-phase interactions at the gas–liquid interface and viscous dissipation in transverse flows induced by boundary-layer separation effects. In the structural response phase, transient impacts result in millimeter-scale local deformations in the shielding cap, leading to localized deformation at the plug-cover junction. This may create a potential leakage channel with a gap width of 1.02 mm (millimeter-scale), allowing the internal argon and sodium to be ejected from the containment vessel through the gap. The findings of this study provide a significant theoretical foundation and data support for the analysis and assessment of CDAs in pool-type sodium-cooled

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A Subchannel Analysis Code Star for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liang, Yu Zhang, Dalin Zhang, Jing Liu, Xiao Liu, Yapeng Zhou, Lei Chen, Yutong Mikityuk, Konstantin Wang, Xiaoyu Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Avenue Chengdu610213 China Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen PSI5232 Switzerland

The strong coupling heat transfer between subassemblies and inter-wrapper gaps is closely related to the safety of the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). Therefore, it is very important to carry out a detailed thermal hydraulic analysis of the core. In this paper, the inter-wrapper channel is modeled using the subchannel method, and a two-fluid subchannel analysis model is developed based on the staggered grid method. The core thermal-hydraulic analysis code STAR (Subchannel Thermal-hydraulic Analysis code for SFR) is developed by using SIMPLE algorithm. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

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Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters

Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow...

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作者： Ji, Jieqiang Zheng, Jianying Chen, GuoFu Wu, Xiaojie Zhang, NingNing Fang, Yan Cheng, Leming Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology Hangzhou310018 China National Centre of Quality Supervision and Testing on Liquid Flow Measuring Instruments Hangzhou310018 China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

CFD modelling and experiments are carried out to study the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters. The swirl generator and flow disturber are selected to change the flow field distributions inside the pipe. The calculation results show that the installation of left-handed swirl generator induces a specific flow pattern of the fluid inside the pipe, while the installation of flow disturber leads to the distortion of the axial velocity distributions. The critical distance of the fluid reaching the steady flow is 10D for left-handed swirl generator and flow disturber. In the experiment part, six different ultrasonic water meters are selected for the intrinsic errors tests. The results show that the installations of swirl generator and flow disturber induce the intrinsic errors shift to negative values. Compared with the flow disturber, the swirl generator has greater impact on the measurement accuracy. © 2021

关键词： flow fields

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A 3d Ptco Degradation Model for Long-Term Performance Prediction of a Scaled-Up Pemfc Under Constant Voltage Operation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yang, Yunjie Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Zhao, Jian Wei, Lei Li, Yang Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University Starkville39762 United States Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

The non-uniform distribution of reactants, pressure, temperature, and reaction rate, in a scaled-up proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can lead to different catalyst degradation rate, impacting the long-term performance of PEMFCs. However, the local catalyst degradation behaviors in a PEMFC stack have not yet been fully understood due to the lack of experimental approaches and catalyst degradation model. In the present study, a numerical model is established for a 200 cm2 commercial-sized PEMFC stack with realistic anode and cathode flow fields. PtCo is employed as the cathode catalyst, and a 3D PtCo catalyst degradation model is developed to analyze the non-uniform evolution of the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), current density, and Co2+ in the catalyst layers under the constant voltage conditions. The modeling results demonstrated that catalyst degradation is more severe downstream as well as under land of the cathode flow field, and the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) is the area most contaminated by the Co2+. The non-uniform catalyst degradation as well as Co2+ contamination increased the activation losses and local oxygen transport resistance. The catalyst degradation leads to a total power loss of 43.3% after 80,000 hours operation. The aging model provides a better understanding for large scale PEMFC stacks regarding its nonuniform PtCo degradation and can assist the future design of commercial PEMFCs with better lifetime. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)

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Experimental Studies of Liquid Immersion Cooling for 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Under Different Discharging Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Zhou, Zhifu Hu, Leiming Bai, Minli Gao, Linsong Li, Yulong Liu, Xuanyu Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh15213 United States

In this study, the fluorinated liquid immersion cooling as a new cooling scheme has been tested and discussed for cooling the 18650 lithium-ion battery. OpteonTM SF33, with boiling point of 33.4oC, is chosen as the fluid for the immersion cooling. Comparison of the liquid immersion cooling and convective air cooling for a 18650 lithium-ion battery under 2C, 4C and dynamic load conditions are made. It is found that the immersion cooling better cools the battery cell under all these conditions. Under 4C discharging, the maximum cell temperature rise is 14.06°C for the forced air cooling, while is 4.97°C for the liquid immersion cooling. As the cooling fluid’s temperature basically governs the battery cell temperature, the cooling fluid’s temperature should not be too low. This study demonstrates that the lithium-ion battery has non-negligible power losses under cooling liquid temperature of 10oC and 15oC, compared with temperature above 20oC. Lastly, the two-phase boiling heat transfer mechanisms associated with immersion cooling of lithium-ion battery are discussed with bubble dynamics analysis. It is found under higher C rate, more aggressive boiling heat transfer is induced. The battery temperature is controlled to be below 34.5oC even under 7C discharging condition. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Theoretical study on flow and radiation in tubular solar photocatalytic reactor

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第3期15卷 687-699页

作者： Qingyu WEI Yao WANG Bin DAI Yan YANG Haijun LIU Huaijie YUAN Dengwei JING Liang ZHAO International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Powering EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute Beijing 100076China School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

In this paper,based on the mixture flow model,an optimized six-flux model is first established and applied to the tubular solar photocatalytic *** influencing photocatalyst distribution and radiation distribution at the reactor outlet,*** concentration and circulation speed,are also *** is found that,at the outlet of the reactor,the optimized six-flux model has better performances(the energy increase by 1900%and 284%,respectively)with a higher catalyst concentration(triple)and a lower speed(one third).

关键词： photocatalytic hydrogen photoreactor numerical simulation solar energy flow model radiation model

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Experimental Investigations of Liquid Immersion Cooling for 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Under Fast Charging Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Lv, Jizu Gao, Linsong Huang, Heng Li, Yulong Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

In this study, a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on FS49 is proposed and tested for cooling the cylindrical lithium-ion battery (LIB) module under fast charging conditions. Firstly, the temperature response of the battery module under 3 C rate charging with forced air cooling (FAC) and liquid immersion cooling (LIC) is compared. The results indicate that the LIC has excellent heat dissipation performance, and the peak temperature and peak temperature difference of the module are reduced by 19.6 °C and 8.99 °C, respectively, compared with the FAC, while the cooling energy consumption of LIC is only 40.4% of the FAC. It is found that the LIC embraces advantages of efficient cooling and minimizing the temperature non-uniformity in battery pack. Subsequently, the thermal management performance of the proposed LIC is investigated under conventional C rate discharging and different fast charging schemes. Finally, effect of condenser flow rate and cooling water temperature were investigated. This study demonstrates the application prospect of the LIC in the field of LIB fast charging. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Development and Assessment of a Novel Air/Water Hybrid Cooling System Coupling Two Units for Energy and Water Saving

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Jinshi Xue, Kai Zhang, Guilong Chen, Weixiong Li, Gen Zhang, Juntai Zhang, Guozhu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Datang Environment Industry Group Co. Ltd. Beijing100097 China

For the purpose of reducing coal consumption, decreasing CO2 emission, and improving economic interests of thermal power plants, a novel air/water hybrid cooling system coupling two units has been developed and assessed. The hybridization is achieved by the heat exchange of the circulating cooling water from two units, which is appropriate for the power plants with both water-cooling units and indirect air-cooling units, such as in North China region. Two schemes with different circulating water returning positions were compared on basis of thermodynamic and economic evaluation. Finally, the scheme that cooled circulating water was introduced to the air-cooling tower outlet was considered as the optimal design, which has the coal saving rate of 1.43 g/kWh at the design condition, with a 3.59-year payback period. In addition, this work focused on operation strategies to obtain optimum operation range, contributing to less coal consumption in summer and less water consumption in winter. The results indicate that annual coal consumption can be reduced by about 1400 tons in the reference power plant, the CO2 emission is decreased by 3490 tons, and 50000 tons of water could be saved. This technology is expected to be further promoted to practical engineering for the sustainable development. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermoelectric power plants

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Investigation of the Effect of Phosphate in Wastewater on the Electrochemical Performance of Cofe-Ldh@Ni Foam Adsorbents as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Hong, Xianyong Shi, Mingxing Li, Jinghua Xia, Mingzhu Du, Ping Wang, Fengyun School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Reducing P(V) in the environment is the key to solving the problem of eutrophication in water bodies. In this work, CoFe-LDH@NF composites were successfully prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method and efficiently obtained P(V) from wastewater. The P(V) in the phosphate undergoes a reduction reaction under a high temperature H2 atmosphere and reacts with the metal salt to form a metal phosphide (Co-Fe-P@NF). The electrochemical analysis shows that the reaction of P with metal elements to form the corresponding phosphide can effectively enhance the electrochemical properties of the composite. The specific capacitance of Co-Fe-P@NF is as high as 3.71 F/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and the specific capacitance retention rate is 81.7% after 2000 cycles of charging and discharging at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 . Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were assembled with activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode and Co-Fe-P@NF as the positive electrode with a voltage window of up to 1.6 V. Co-Fe-P@NF//AC ASC device allows the timer to operate generally for more than 75 mins. The excellent energy storage performance on the supercapacitor electrode material provides an effective solution for recycling the adsorbent. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Numerical study on the influence of plugging rate on the performance of adjustable steam ejector

International Journal of Fluid Engineering

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International Journal of Fluid engineering 2024年第2期1卷 50-60页

作者： Jianxiang Gao Zepeng Yuan Yuyan Hou Weixiong Chen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China

During the operation of thermal power plant systems, severe challenges to the quality and safety of the heat supply arise owing to the effects of peak regulation. Steam ejectors, widely employed in the district heating sector, often exhibit poorer performance under off-design conditions as a result of their fixed structure. This study analyzes the effects of varying plugging rate, primary pressure, and induced pressure on the performance of adjustable steam ejectors. As the plugging rate increases, the mass flow rate of the primary fluid decrease, potentially falling below 32%, and that of the induced fluid initially experiences a minor increase, followed by a rapid decrease. Concurrently, the critical back pressure also decreases with an increase in the plugging rate, potentially falling by up to 65%. By contrast, the entrainment ratio surges with increasing plugging rate, with the maximum increase reaching up to 4.75 times. Under the same primary steam pressure and induced steam pressure, there exists an optimal entrainment ratio. Furthermore, both the critical back pressure and the optimal entrainment ratio increase as the primary steam pressure and induced steam pressure increase.

关键词： performance steam optimal

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