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The formation of droplet encapsulating particles in a Y-typed microchannel

Measurement: Sensors 2021年 14卷

作者： Wang, Qing Liu, Qi Fan, Liang-Liang Zhao, Liang School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

Droplet encapsulating particles has great potentials in microfluidic measurement and detection in many fields, such as biomedicine and food science. It is of great importance to investigate the formation of droplet encapsulating particles in microchannel. In this paper, considering the influence of channel angle, particle size, and volume fraction, VOF model and DPM model are combined to systematically study the formation of droplet containing particles in a Y-typed microchannel. The simulation results show that the particle size and concentration significantly influence the formation of droplet. In addition, in comparison with the formation of simple droplet, the angle of Y-typed microchannel and particles have synergistic effect on the droplet formation. The present work is of help for the precise control on the formation of droplet encapsulating particles, which is highly required for the following measurement and detection. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Microchannels

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聚丙烯酸酯修饰铜电极用于电化学二氧化碳还原选择性生成多碳产物（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第15期 2395-2404页

作者：石玉川张凯妮董崇礼 Ta Thi Thuy Nga 汪淼魏代星王佳琳王亦清沈少华 International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Physics Tamkang University

Highly selective production of value-added multicarbon(C2+) products via electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（eCO2RR） on polycrystalline copper（Cu） remains ***,the facile surface modification using poly（α-ethyl cyanoacrylate）(PECA) is presented to greatly enhance the C2+selectivity for eCO2RR over polycrystalline Cu,with Faradaic efficiency（FE） towards C2+products increased from30.1% for the Cu electrode to 72.6% for the obtained Cu-PECA electrode at -1.1 V *** hydrogen electrode（RHE）.Given the well-determined FEs towards C2+products,the partial current densities for C2+production could be estimated to be-145.4 mA cm-2for the Cu-PECA electrode at -0.9 V *** in a homemade flow ***-situ spectral characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that PECA featured with electron-accepting-C≡N and-COOR groups decorated onto the Cu electrode could inhibit the adsorption of *H intermediates and stabilize the *CO intermediates,given the redistributed interfacial electron density and the raised energy level of d-band center（Ed） of Cu active sites,thus facilitating the C-C coupling and then the C2+selective *** study is believed to be guidable to the modification of electrocatalysts and electrodes with polymers to steer the surface adsorption behaviors of reaction intermediates to realize practical eCO2RR towards value-added C2+products with high activity and selectivity.

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Electromagnetic-conductance measurement method for the flow rate and void fraction of gas-liquid two-phase flows

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Measurement: Sensors 2020年 10-12卷

作者： Chang, Fucheng Hu, Zitu Li, Xi Feng, Zongrui Ni, Shiyao Li, Huixiong State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Gas-liquid two-phase flow systems are widely existed in many engineering systems and industrial processes, and measurement techniques for two-phase flows are crucial in a diverse range of engineering applications. Most of the existing measurement techniques usually brought extra resistance to the flow in the branch pipes and, to some extent, influenced the original distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase flows in the parallel T-junction system. In order to study the distribution characteristics of two-phase flow in vertically parallel T-junctions, the electromagnetic-conductance measurement method was developed to measure the void fraction and liquid flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the branch pipes. Electromagnetic-conductance measurement technique has the advantages of high response rate, satisfactory accuracy and low disturbance on the flow field of gas-liquid two-phase flows. In order to calibrate the conductance measurement method, experiments were carried out with the liquid velocity range of 0.2–2 m·s-1, the gas velocity range of 0–50 m·s-1 and the volume void fraction range of 0–0.99. Through the calibration experiments, the relationship between the resistance value of each conductivity sensor and the volume void fraction of two-phase fluid was decided to be established as a logistic function. By the error analysis of the calibration results, 75.9% of experimental results of the void fraction in the gas-liquid two-phase flow fell within the ±20% error bands. The electromagnetic-conductance measurement method proposed in this paper could provide a reference for accurate and non-interference measurement of two-phase flow in parallel T-junctions. © 2020 The Authors

关键词： Two phase flow

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Capacitance probe for water holdup measurement in crude oil-water flows

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Measurement: Sensors 2020年 10-12卷

作者： Zheng, Xuebo Yang, Bo Bai, Bofeng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Water holdup in crude oil-water flows is a crucial parameter to identify flow patterns or monitor the flow process in oil production. It has been increasingly important to accurately predict water holdup. Due to the simple structure and robust performance, capacitance probes have been widely used in experimental research and industrial application. In this paper, we proposed a water holdup measurement device based on a capacitance probe for crude oil-water flows. The measurement principle lies in the fact that the output capacitance is proportional to the part of the probe immersed in water. It was found that when inserted into crude oil, the surface of the probes will absorb hydrocarbons and form an oil film covering the probes. The formed oil film will reduce the sensitivity of the output capacitance to the water layer height. The thicker the film the lower the sensitivity. We examined the parameters that affect the thickness of the formed oil film and found that the thickness is mainly dependent on temperature and water holdup. The higher the temperature the thinner the formed oil film. The reason is that an increase of temperature leads to a decrease of viscosity. In addition, as the temperature approached about 50 °C, the thickness is nearly unchanged. As for the water holdup, at low temperatures the effect is considerable. At relatively high temperatures, the effect is minor and can be neglected. The experimental results showed that the capacitance probes have the highest sensitivity at about 50 °C. We designed and manufactured a prototype of the measurement device. The probes were inserted with heating wires to heat the crude oil near the probes and the current was controlled by an integrated circuit to maintain the temperature at about 50 °C. The field test showed that the natural gas entrained in the production fluids caused the device to under-predict the water holdup. After gas-liquid separation, the prediction errors were within ±6%. © 2020 The Author

关键词： Crude oil

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Review on development of carbon nanotube field emission cathode for space propulsion systems

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High Voltage 2020年第4期5卷 409-415页

作者： Chao Huo Feng Liang An-bang Sun Science and Technology on Combustion Internal Flow and Thermal-structure LaboratorySchool of AstronauticsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxiPeople's Republic of China Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingPeople's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment School of Electrical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049People's Republic of China

In recent years,small-size,low-weight aerospace propulsion systems have developed rapidly for space exploration,on-orbit scientific instruments and extra space missions,while additional electron emission devices are commonly required in those propulsion *** nanotube(CNT)based field emission cathodes exhibit extraordinary field emission properties and are regarded to be an ideal alternative of conventional thermionic or hollow *** this study,the authors give an overview of present status of researches on CNT-based electron emission cathodes for utilising as neutralisers or electron sources particularly in space electric propulsion systems,the theory and characteristics of CNT are also ***,challenges,problems and possible solutions before actual applications of CNT in a space mission are discussed accordingly.

关键词： field neutral emission

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MgO and Au nanoparticle Co-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts for enhanced photoreduction of CO_(2)with H_(2)O

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2021年第5期42卷 781-794页

作者： Naixu Li Meiyou Huang Jiancheng Zhou Maochang Liu Dengwei Jing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest ProductsChinese Academy of ForestryNanjing 210042JiangsuChina Suzhou Academy of Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou 215123JiangsuChina

The photoreduction of CO_(2)to achieve high-value-added hydrocarbons under simulated sunlight irradiation is advantageous,but *** this study,a series of MgO and Au nanoparticle-co-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts were synthesized and subsequently applied for the photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)with H2O under simulated solar *** best photocatalytic performance was demonstrated by the Au and 3%MgO-co-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts with CO,CH_(4),CH3OH,and CH3CHO yields of 423.9,83.2,47.2,and 130.4μmol/g,respectively,in a 3-h *** investigated the effects of MgO and Au as cocatalysts on photocatalytic behaviors,*** characterizations and experimental results showed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the synergistic effect among the components of the ternary *** cocatalyst MgO can activate CO_(2)(adsorbed at the interface between the MgO and Au particles),and the Mg-N bonds formed in the MgO-CN nanosheets played an important role in the charge ***,the Au particles that were modified into MgO/g-C_(3)N_(4)can increase the absorption of visible light via the surface plasmon resonance effect and further reduce the activation energies of the photoreduction of CO_(2)using *** study provided an effective method for the modification of traditional primary photocatalysts with promising performance for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： CO2 photoreduction MgO Au g-C3N4 Photocatalysis Synergistic effect Cocatalyst

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Chemical looping based ammonia production--A promising pathway for production of the noncarbon fuel

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Science Bulletin 2022年第20期67卷 2124-2138,M0004页

作者： Qinghua Lai Tianyi Cai Shik Chi Edman Tsang Xia Chen Runping Ye Zhenghe Xu Morris D.Argyle Dong Ding Yongmei Chen Jianji Wang Armistead G.Russell Ye Wu Jian Liu Maohong Fan College of Engineering and Applied Science University of WyomingLaramie WY 82071USA School of Energy and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Wolfson Catalysis Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxford Ox13QRUK College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta T6G1H9Canada Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvo UT 84602USA Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID83415USA College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBejing 100029China School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta GA 30332USA MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials Department of Chemical and Process Engineeringand Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuilford Surrey GU27XH UK

Ammonia, primarily made with Haber-Bosch process developed in 1909 and winning two Nobel prizes, is a promising noncarbon fuel for preventing global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. However,the undesired characteristics of the process, including high carbon footprint, necessitate alternative ammonia synthesis methods, and among them is chemical looping ammonia production(CLAP) that uses nitrogen carrier materials and operates at atmospheric pressure with high product selectivity and energy efficiency. To date, neither a systematic review nor a perspective in nitrogen carriers and CLAP has been reported in the critical area. Thus, this work not only assesses the previous results of CLAP but also provides perspectives towards the future of CLAP. It classifies, characterizes, and holistically analyzes the fundamentally different CLAP pathways and discusses the ways of further improving the CLAP performance with the assistance of plasma technology and artificial intelligence(AI).

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Chemical looping Nitrogen carrier Renewable fuels Energy carrier

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Customizable Ligand Exchange for Tailored Surface Property of Noble Metal Nanocrystals

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 292-303页

作者： Qikui Fan Hao Yang Juan Ge Shumeng Zhang Zhaojun Liu Bo Lei Tao Cheng Youyong Li Yadong Yin Chuanbo Gao Frontier Institute of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710054China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia 92521USA

It is highly desirable,while still challenging,to obtain noble metal nanocrystals with custom capping ligands,because their colloidal synthesis relies on specific capping ligands for the shape control while conventional ligand exchange processes suffer from“the strong replaces the weak”limitation,which greatly hinders their ***,we report a general and effective ligand exchange approach that can replace the native capping ligands of noble metal nanocrystals with virtually any type of ligands,producing flexibly tailored surface *** key is to use diethylamine with conveniently switchable binding affinity to the metal surface as an intermediate *** a strong ligand,it in its original form can effectively remove the native ligands;while protonated,it loses its binding affinity and facilitates the adsorption of new ligands,especially weak ones,onto the metal *** this means,the irreversible order in the conventional ligand exchange processes could be *** efficacy of the strategy is demonstrated by mutual exchange of the capping ligands among cetyltrimethylammonium,citrate,polyvinylpyrrolidone,and *** novel strategy significantly expands our ability to manipulate the surface property of noble metal nanocrystals and extends their applicability to a wide range of fields,particularly biomedical applications.

关键词： properties replace mutual

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Construction of a Transient Multi-Physics Model of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed by Biomass Syngas Considering the Carbon Deposition and Temperature Effect

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhu, Pengfei Yao, Jing Wu, Zhen Huang, Si-Min Abu Mansor, Mohd Radzi Yang, Fusheng Zhang, Zaoxiao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Distributed Energy Systems Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan523808 China Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor43600 Malaysia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow for Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Carbon deposition is a thorny issue for the SOFC fueled by low carbon hydrocarbons such as biomass syngas. Moreover, long-term large temperature gradients would reduce SOFC durability. Regarding these two issues, a two dimensional transient multi-physical model considering carbon deposition and temperature effect is developed for SOFC in this work. Typically due to the carbon deposition, the SOFC anode porosity decreases from 0.5 to 0.26, and the reaction activity decreases from 1.0 to about 0.45 after running 140 day. Accordingly, the current density decreases by 1.6 % at t =42 d and 6% at t =140 d, which indicates the damage of SOFC durability compared to the durability target (1%/1000h) of commercial SOFC. The maximum temperature difference of the cell is predicted to be about 106 o C. It was found that the carbon deposition and large temperature gradient are closely related to the operating parameters. With the increase of operating voltage from 0.4 V to 0.8 V, the porosity and reaction activity respectively increase by 50% and 55%, and the maximum temperature difference is reduced from 150 o C to 16 o C after running 140 day. The increase of the inlet temperature could improve the overall temperature and decrease the porosity. Besides, the reduction in the ratio of CH 4 to H 2 O helps to suppress carbon deposition, thus to improving the performance. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

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Rationally Engineered Reox-Cuso4/Tio2 Catalyst with Superior Nh3-Sco Efficiency and Remarkably Boosted So2 Tolerance: Synergy of Acid Sites and Surface Adsorbed Oxygen

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yu, Yanke Wei, Desheng Tong, Zhaojian Wang, Jinxiu Chen, Jinsheng He, Chi Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China

Ammonia (NH3) is a critical component causing environmental problems like haze and water pollution. Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) to N2 and H2O is a promising method to abate NH3 emission. However, inferior SO2 tolerance is still a tremendous challenge to be conquered for present NH3-SCO catalysts regarding practical applications. Application of materials which was difficult to be sulfated by SO2 should be an effective pathway to solve this problem. Here, a ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst which coupled the advantages of ReOx (Rhenium oxides, supplying highly active adsorbed surface oxygen for enhancing NH3-SCO reaction) and CuSO4 (providing Brønsted acid sites for inhibiting the formation of N2O) was rationally fabricated. Results indicated that ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst performed excellent catalytic performance in NH3-SCO with almost 100% of NH3 oxidized at 300 °C (N2 selectivity as high as 96%). Crucially, the composite catalyst exhibited incredible activity and stability under harsh reaction conditions toward SO2 (600 ppm) and H2O (4.0 vol.%) owing to the superior inhibition capability for SO2 adsorption. In situ DRIFTS, in situ Raman and in situ XPS demonstrated that the NH3-SCO reaction over ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst mainly obeyed a N2H4 reaction mechanism and oxidation-reduction circle between Re7+ and Re6+ played a vital role. In addition, SO2 would not affect this reaction mechanism on ReOx-CuSO4/TiO2 catalyst. The knowledge and understanding reported could provide critical insights for the design and optimization of efficient materials for industrial NH3 oxidative elimination. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ammonia

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