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2020 International Topical Meeting on Advances in Thermal Hydraulics, ATH 2020

作者： Wu, Di Gui, Minyang Zhang, Dalin Wang, Chenglong Wu, Yingwei Su, G.H. Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi Yang, Hongfa Peng, Jingyang Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an710049 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China Beijing100082 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487774

As one of the accident tolerant fuels (ATFs), fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel shows superior safety performance in accidents, which has the characteristics of high melting point, excellent heat transfer ability and strong nuclear proliferation resistance. Based on the neutronic analysis of Chinese advanced three loop pressurized water reactor (PWR), the assemblies and cores of FCM-SiC and UO2-Zr were designed, power distributions and cycle lengths were obtained, and the power was adjusted to ensure the annual refueling requirements. By using system analysis code, station blackout (SBO) accident in FCM-SiC and UO2-Zr was analyzed, where the steam-driven auxiliary feedwater (AFW) in secondary loop failed to be supplied in time. Assuming that the AFW system couldn't be put into operation immediately after accident, the critical time could be calculated, that is to say, fuel centerline temperature (FCT) and peak cladding temperature (PCT) wouldn't exceed corresponding limits during accident once the AFW was provided within the critical time. It is found that the critical time of FCM-SiC is 9000s and higher than that of UO2-Zr (7000s), which shows the advantages of ATFs. This work could provide reference for the optimized design of the reactor safety system in the future. © ATH 2020 - International Topical Meeting on Advances in Thermal *** rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Thermal Simulation for a Mechanical Spindle With External Cooler Across Grease Coated Interface

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Zhao, Liang Lei, Mohan Ren, Hongdi Wang, Jinshi Wang, Shuai Li, Ben Q. Yang, Jun Mei, Xuesong Xi'an Jiaotong University China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology 710048 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan MI48128 United States

Spindles in precision boring machine often work in low speed and heavy load without internal cooling, and the thermal error is nonnegligible. So an external cooling system was designed, and the effectiveness of the designed scheme needs to be preliminarily verified by simulation before building the cooling system. Thermal simulations of the spindle with an external cooler require calculating the thermal resistance of the thermal grease-coated interface between the cooler and spindle. Models describing the contact thermal resistance and total thermal resistance for metal contact filled with silicone grease based on solid-liquid interface force equivalence were described in this paper, and experiments were also conducted to verify the accuracy of these models. The contact thermal resistances between the cast iron/copper and silicone grease on flat or arc surfaces were calculated, and the bulk thermal resistance of the silicone grease layer was calculated. The total heat transferred between the cooler and the silicone grease-coated interface of the spindle were calculated. Heat transfer and heat generation in the spindle were calculated, and a finite element model was established to verify the effectiveness of the designed external cooling scheme. Finally, results from experiments for the spindle in different conditions show that the external cooling system decreases the time to reach thermal equilibrium by more than 60%. The RMSE of the simulated thermal elongation is less than 5.7044 μm when the rotating speed of 3000 rpm, and is less than 3.9714 μm when the rotating speed is 1500 rpm. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Cooling

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Lattice Boltzmann simulation on adsorption of sulfuric acid vapor by ash particles

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Fuel 2025年 401卷

作者： Ren, Jiyun Jiang, Chongjun Hu, Fangfang Wang, Hui Shao, Yunhao Liu, Xinyu Wu, Zhang Pan, Feng Yang, Qidong Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing102249 China China Energy Engineering Group Shaanxi Electric Power Design Institute Co. Ltd. Xi'an710054 China West Pipeline Company of PipeChina Urumchi830000 China

In the low-low temperature flue gas systems, sulfuric acid vapor is adsorbed onto the ash particles. Based on the SEM images of ash particles, the OpenCV library in C++ is employed for image binarization, which aids in developing a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) that incorporates convection–diffusion and surface adsorption. The adsorption process of sulfuric acid vapor by ash particles with different chemical compositions is simulated and evaluated. The results indicate that sulfuric acid vapor exits through the ash particles at 5.1 μs, and stabilizes after 51 μs, reaching a maximum velocity of 0.29 m s–1. Without chemical additives, the ash particles undergo a rapid adsorption phase within the initial 1000 μs, achieving nearly 78.92 % saturation with an average adsorption amount of 1.31 mg g–1. At 10200 μs, most ash particles approach saturation adsorption, ranging from 1.6 to 1.8 mg g–1. For all ash particles with added chemical components, adsorption preferentially occurs on the left side at both 5.1 μs and 51 μs. At 510 μs, nearly half of the ash particles with 7.1 % K2CO3 reach adsorption saturation, while approximately one-half of those with 9.2 % Na2CO3 achieve the same. Following the addition of 18.4 % Na2CO3, smaller ash particles approach saturation at a faster adsorption rate compared to those with 14.2 % K2CO3, with less than half of the region reaching an adsorption amount of 3.5mg g−1. At 1000 μs, the ash particles containing 9.2 % and 18.4 % Na2CO3, along with 7.1 % and 14.2 % K2CO3, achieve saturation adsorption amounts of 96.14, 96.73 %, 95.45 %, and 93.87 %, respectively. The adsorption rate is high during the first 1000 μs but significantly declines after 1500 μs, nearing saturation by 3000 μs. The addition of 18.4 % Na2CO3 results in porosity of up to 73.65 % and fewer large particles, allowing for faster mainstream velocity and mass transfer within the pores, thereby facilitating the vapor adsorption. By integrating the binarization of SEM image

关键词： Kinetic theory of gases

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Exploring Geometric Chirality in Nanocrystals for Boosting Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第45期136卷

作者： Wenlong Fu Qi Gao Chunyang Zhang Lili Tan Biao Jiang Chengyu Xiao Prof. Maochang Liu Prof. Peng-peng Wang State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 PR China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 PR China

Advancing catalyst design is pivotal for the enhancement of photocatalytic processes in renewable energy conversion. The incorporation of structural chirality into conventional inorganic solar hydrogen nanocatalysts promises a significant transformation in catalysis, a feature absent in this field. Here we unveil the unexplored potential of geometric chirality by creating a chiral composite that integrates geometric chiral Au nanoparticles (NPs) with two-dimensional C 3 N 4 nanosheets, significantly boosting photocatalytic H 2 evolution beyond the achiral counterparts. The superior performance is driven by the geometric chirality of Au NPs, which facilitates efficient charge carrier separation through the favorable C 3 N 4 -chiral Au NP interface and chiral induced spin polarization, and exploits high-activity facets within the concave surfaces of chiral Au NPs. The resulting synergistic effect leads to a remarkable increase in photocatalytic H 2 evolution, with an apparent quantum yield of 44.64 % at 400 nm. Furthermore, we explore the selective polarized photo-induced carrier separation behavior, revealing a distinct chiral-dependent photocatalytic HER performance. Our work advances the design and utilization of chiral inorganic nanostructures for superior performance in energy conversion processes.

关键词： Geometric chirality Nanoparticles Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction Chiral effect

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Atomically Dispersed Co Sites on BiOCl Nanosheets for Efficient CO 2 Photoreduction

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年

作者： Ting Peng Yiduo Wang Ke Wang Kaini Zhang Yiqing Wang Yufei Xu Qingqing Guan Guofu Wang Wenjie Zhang Binglan Wu Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000 China

Efficient CO 2 photoreduction to produce fuel remains a great challenge, due to the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and the lack of effective reactive sites in the developed photocatalysts. Herein, single Co atoms (Co SA ) were highly dispersed on hydrothermally synthesized BiOCl nanosheets (BOC) by a facile two-step electrostatic self-assembly and pyrolysis method. The obtained Co SA -BOC could be performed for efficient CO 2 photoreduction to stoichiometrically produce CO and O 2 at the ratio of 2:1, with the CO evolution rate reaching 45.93 μmol g –1 h –1 , ∼4 times that of the pristine BOC. This distinctly improved photocatalytic performance for Co SA -BOC should be benefited from the introduction of atomically dispersed Co-O 4 coordination structures, which could accelerate the migration of photogenerated charge carriers to surface by creating an impurity energy level in the forbidden band, and act as the reactive sites to deliver the photogenerated electrons to activate CO 2 molecules for CO production. This work provides a facile and reliable strategy to highly disperse single atoms on low-dimensional semiconductors for efficient CO 2 photoreduction to selectively produce CO.

关键词： photocatalysis CO 2 reduction BiOCl nanosheets single Co atoms

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Function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction enables efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting with selective water oxidation products

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Science Bulletin 2020年第16期65卷 1389-1395,M0004页

作者： Daixing Wei Yubo Tan Yiqing Wang Tingting Kong Shaohua Shen Samuel S.Maoc International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an 710054China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

A novel metal/semiconductor photocatalyst,Cu nanoparticles(NPs)modified TiO2 hollow spheres(Cu/TiO2),was designed for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS)under both ultraviolet(UV)and visible(Vis)*** Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst possesses excellent POWS performance under Vis light at the highest level among the reported TiO2-based ***,the metal/semiconductor junction formed between Cu and TiO2 enables controlled water-oxidation product selectivity(H2O2 or O2)via different reaction pathways regulated by irradiation *** UV light,the electrons excited in TiO2 are captured by Cu NPs through the Cu/TiO2 Schottky interface for H2 production,with the photoholes in TiO2 producing H2O2 through a two-electron process;whilst under Vis light,Cu NPs act as plasmon to inject hot electrons to TiO2 for H2 production,while O2 is produced by hot holes on Cu NPs via a four-electron *** rational design of function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction may be helpful to understand the mechanisms for POWS with desired gas/liquid water-oxidation products.

关键词： Photocatalysis Water splitting Product selectivity Reaction pathway Metal/semiconductor junction

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Sustainable hydrogen production from coal tar residue via supercritical water gasification

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 519卷

作者： Jingui Bai Yu Wang Shi Liu Libo Lu Wen Cao Ting Chen Yunan Chen Liejin Guo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China Ningxia Baoting New Materials Technology Co. Ltd. Yinchuan 751400 Ningxia China

Hazardous wastes such as coal tar residue (CTR) pose a serious hazard to the environment and human health. In the context of ‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’, the conversion of wasted resources into energy to replace fossil fuels is in line with the requirements of future social development. Supercritical water (SCW) offers a promising approach for converting hazardous waste CTR into energy. This article combines supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology with the efficient utilization of CTR for the first time, providing a scientific solution for reducing environmental pollution and preparing hydrogen. In this article, we systematically investigated the effects of temperature (540–700 °C), residence time (5–60 min), material concentration (3 wt%-11 wt%), and six different catalysts on CTR SCWG. Experimental results indicate that higher temperature, longer reaction time, and lower CTR concentration are beneficial for gasification. When the temperature, retention time, material concentration, and catalyst are set at 700 °C, 60 min, 3 wt%, and K 2 CO 3 respectively, most of the carbon in the CTR is converted into small molecular gases. The carbon gasification efficiency (CE) reaches 94.44 %, while the H 2 yield attains a value of 67.56 mol kg −1 . Finally, based on the analysis results of gas, liquid and solid products, the SCWG mechanism of CTR is summarized.

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On-Line Measurement of Ultralow Mass Concentration Particulate Based on Light Scattering Coupled with Beta Ray Attenuation Method

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Xiaowei Huang, Yubo Wang, Zhaofeng Jiang, Meng Zhou, Zijian Xu, Minghou Han, Jinke Yang, Bin Fan, Xinfeng State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan430074 China JXIC Energy Technology Research Institure Nanchang330000 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Wuhan Tianhong Environmental Protection Industry Co. Ltd Yuhong Environmental Protection Science and Technology Industrial Park No.11 Huashiyuan North Road Miaoshan District Donghu high tech Development Zone Wuhan430074 China

Light scattering method is the most commonly used method for on-line measurement of ultralow particulate matter mass concentration. However, when the particle characteristics change, the effectiveness of the empirical relationship decreases, which would lead to a sizeable deviation. To accurately measure the mass concentration of particulate matter in real-time, a coupling measurement idea of light scattering and beta-ray attenuation is proposed. The beta-ray attenuation is little affected by particle properties and accurately reflects the average PM mass concentration in the measured period. The single calibration method (M1), periodic calibration method (M2), average calibration method (M3), and asymmetric factor calibration method (M4) are formed based on the coupling idea. The results of all methods are perfect when the particle size is unchanged. However, when the particle sizes fluctuate frequently, the results of M1, M2, and M3 deviate seriously from the actual value, and the applicable working conditions have limitations. The results of M4 are in good agreement with the actual value, and the effectiveness is not limited by the particle size. Finally, the prototype based on experimental exploration was developed and had been continuously operated for more than 528 hours at a 1000 MW unit of a coal-fired power plant. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle size

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Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of highland barley straw, food waste, and yak manure:Co-digestion performances and microbial characteristics analysis

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Renewable Energy 2025年 252卷

作者： Bao, Rui Feng, Jiaqi Feng, Wenli Li, Xiujin Lu, Xuebin Zuo, Xiaoyu Liu, Rufei Yuan, Hairong State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Shanxi Province Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Shaanxi Province Xi'an710049 China Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control on the Plateau of Tibet Autonomous Region School of Ecology and Environment Tibet University Lhasa Tibet 850000 China School of Environmental·Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China CUCDE Environmental Technology CO. LTD. Beijing100120 China

Co-digestion performances and microbial characteristics were investigated at solid-state anaerobic co-digestion system for highland barley straw (HBS), food waste (FW) and yak manure (YM). The different mixing ratios of HBS, FW, and YM were set according to the total solid content of different substrates. The results showed that the highest methane was 465.9 mL/g VS when the ratio of HBS:FW:YM was 0:5:1(HFY051), which was 4.5 %–102.6 % higher than those of co-digestion groups, HBS, and YM. The synergistic effect of co-digestion for different substrates contributed 6.3 %–123.1 % to improving methane yields in the first 25 days. Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1 and Fastidiosipila were the key bacterials and Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium were dominant methanogens at genus levels for different experimental groups. LEfSe indicated that 26 species have a great impact on co-digestion experimental groups. Therefore, solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of HBS, FW, and YM could improve the co-digestion performances and achieve higher methane yield. © 2025

关键词： Clostridium

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CFD and FEM combined study on the solid particle erosion damage of multi-stage compressor blades

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Powder Technology 2025年

作者： Hongkun Zhan Yanfang Hou Liuxi Cai Jiaming He Yun Li Shunsen Wang Juan Di School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 PR China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 PR China School of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan 030024 PR China

Dust and sand particles in the air can cause serious erosion damage to the titanium alloy blades of the compressor, significantly reducing the working life of the engine. To study the erosion mechanism of solid particles on multi-stage compressor blades in detail, first, CFD gas-solid two-phase flow numerical simulation method is employed to study the motion and impact behavior of quartz sand particles in the compressor flow channel, which clarify the macroscopic mechanism of particle erosion damage on the blades and determine the particle impact parameters. Then, the microscopic erosion damage mechanism of titanium alloy blades is studied through an improved FEM method. Considering the characteristics of multiple particle impingement, random particle shape, random impingement position, and repetitive erosion process during the impact process, a three-dimensional multi-particle random cyclic impact finite element calculation model is established for the first time. On the basis, coupled analysis of the characteristics of material microdamage morphology, system energy conversion and dissipation, and target material erosion weight loss is conducted to reveal the dynamic erosion damage mechanism of multi-particle impacting titanium alloys. Finally, the influences of factors such as the impact velocity, impact angle, and particle shape on the dynamic erosion damage behavior of titanium alloy targets were explored.

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