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Tailoring Second Coordination Sphere for Tunable Solid–Liquid Interfacial Charge Transfer toward Enhanced Photoelectrochemical H2Production

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第22期136卷

作者： Dr. Yangguang Hu Dr. Wu Zhou Dr. Wanbing Gong Prof. Chao Gao Prof. Shaohua Shen Prof. Tingting Kong Prof. Yujie Xiong Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University 241002 Wuhu Anhui China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei Anhui China These authors equally contributed to this work International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi'an Shaanxi China

The recombination of photogenerated charge carriers severely limits the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) H 2 production. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by optimizing the charge transfer dynamics at the solid–liquid interface via molecular catalyst design. Specifically, the surface of a p-Si photocathode is modulated using molecular catalysts with different metal atoms and organic ligands to improve H 2 production performance. Co(pda-SO 3 H) 2 is identified as an efficient and durable catalyst for H 2 production through the rational design of metal centers and first/second coordination spheres. The modulation with Co(pda-SO 3 H) 2 , which contains an electron-withdrawing −SO 3 H group in the second coordination sphere, elevates the flat-band potential of the polished p-Si photocathode and nanoporous p-Si photocathode by 81 mV and 124 mV, respectively, leading to the maximized energy band bending and the minimized interfacial carrier transport resistance. Consequently, both the two photocathodes achieve the Faradaic efficiency of more than 95 % for H 2 production, which is well maintained during 18 h and 21 h reaction, respectively. This work highlights that the band-edge engineering by molecular catalysts could be an important design consideration for semiconductor–catalyst hybrids toward PEC H 2 production.

关键词： PEC H2 production molecular catalyst coordination sphere surface modulation charge transfer

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Electrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B by PbO_2/Sb-SnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays electrode

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2019年第6期40卷 917-927页

作者： Jia Wu Kai Zhu Hao Xu Wei Yan Xi’an XD Switchgear Electric Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710049ShaanxiChina Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

A PbO2/Sb-SnO2/TiO2 nanotube array composite electrode was successfully synthesized and its electrochemical oxidation properties were ***-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that the PbO2 coating was composed of anα-PbO2 inner layer and aβ-PbO2 outer *** life measurement indicated that the composite electrode had a lifetime of 815 *** B(RhB)was employed as a model pollutant to analyze the electrocatalytic activity of the *** effects of initial RhB concentration,current density,initial pH,temperature,and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical oxidation were investigated in *** coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES)results suggested that the concentration of leached Pb^2+in the electrolyte during the electrocatalytic oxidation process can be ***,the degradation mechanism during the electrocatalytic oxidation process was proposed based on the results of solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS).The high electrocatalytic performance of the composite electrode makes it a promising anode for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous solution.

关键词： TiO2 nanotube array Electrochemical oxidation Rhodamine B Degradation mechanism

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Error Analysis of Liquid Holdup Measurement in Gas-Liquid Annular flow Through Circular Pipes Using High-Speed Camera Method

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2018年第S1期23卷 34-40页

作者： LIU Li BAI Bofeng School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Accurate measurement of gas-liquid phase fraction is essential for the proper modelling of the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rate and interfacial area in two-phase flows. In this paper, taking the issue of optical distortion into account, an analytical model was proposed to estimate and correct the liquid holdup in gas-liquid annular flow through a circular pipe using high-speed camera method. The error in the liquid holdup measurement generated from different refractive indices among transparent circular pipe, liquid film and air core was firstly theoretically analyzed based on the geometric optics. Experimental tests were then carried out to identify the difference as well as to validate the proposed model. Results indicated that the prediction of the liquid holdup has a good performance with the experimental data(i.e., mean relative error is 4.1%) and the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. It was found that the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. Generally, when the real liquid holdup gets smaller, the discrepancy between the measured liquid holdup by image and the real liquid holdup becomes more significant. Thus, after measuring the liquid holdup from the images, the value of the measured liquid holdup must be corrected by the present model in order to obtain the real liquid holdup.

关键词： gas-liquid annular flow liquid holdup optical refraction analytical correction

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The mechanism of enhancement or deterioration for nanofluid flow boiling based on the experimental results 27

The mechanism of enhancement or deterioration for nanofluid ...

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27th International Conference on Nuclear engineering: Nuclear power Saves the World!, ICONE 2019

作者： Wang, Y. Wu, J.M. Zan, Y.F. Qiu, S.Z. Deng, K.H. Yue, N.N. Su, G.H. CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Avenue Chengdu610213 China State Key Labortatory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road 28# Xi'an710049 China School of Aerospace State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West road 28# Xi'an710049 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West road 28# Xi'an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9784888983051

Nanofluid is a potential working fluid for new heat transfer technology. However, the investigation on its ability of flow boiling heat transfer is really scarce. Papers focused on nanolfuid flow boiling is much less than it pool boiling. In addition, the flow boiling heat transfer is enhanced or deteriorated has been extremely controversial for over ten years. In present work, an experimental set up is designed and carried out. Moreover, the flow boiling heat transfer of nanofluid is experimental studied with the consideration of working conditions and nanofluid types. The results indicate that both the enhancement and deterioration of nanofluid flow boiling are discovered. Moreover, the flow boiling heat transfer of nanofluid which is composed of non-metallic compound nanoparticles are deteriorated under most working conditions. What's more important is that it is deteriorated under lower pressure and enhanced under higher pressure for the same kind of nanofluid like SiC/H2O and Graphite/H2O. After all, the phenomena are explained and a mechanism is proposed of nanofluid flow boiling enhancement or deterioration based on the experimental results. Copyright © 2018-2019 by JSME

关键词： Deterioration

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Enhanced efficiency in Concentrated Parabolic Solar Collector(CPSC) with a porous absorber tube filled with metal nanoparticle suspension

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Green Energy & Environment 2018年第2期3卷 129-137页

作者： Mohammad Hatami Jiafeng Geng Dengwei Jing Mechanical Engineering Department Esfarayen University of Technology (EUT) International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University

In this study, effects of different nanoparticles and porosity of absorber tube on the performance of a Concentrating Parabolic Solar Collector(CPSC) were investigated. A section of porous-filled absorber tube was modeled as a semi-circular cavity under the solar radiation which is filled by nanofluids and the governing equations were solved by FlexPDE numerical software. The effect of four physical parameters, nanoparticles type, nanoparticles volume fraction(φ), Darcy number(Da) and Rayleigh number(Ra), on the Nusselt number(Nu) was discussed. It turns out that Cu nanoparticle is the most suitable one for such solar collectors, compared to the commonly used Fe_3O_4, Al_2O_3, TiO_*** the increased addition of Cu nanoparticles all the parameters φ, Da and Ra shows a significant increase against the Nu, indicates the enhanced heat transfer in such cases. As a result, low concentration of Cu nanoparticle suspension combined with porous matrix was supposed to be beneficial for the performance enhancement of concentrating parabolic solar collector.

关键词： Concentrating parabolic solar collector Porous absorber tube Nanofluid Nusselt number Finite Element Method

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Microalgae bio-oil production by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction: Mechanism and characteristics

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Bioresource Technology 2023年 376卷 128860页

作者： Ağbulut, Ümit Sirohi, Ranjna Lichtfouse, Eric Chen, Wei-Hsin Len, Christophe Show, Pau Loke Le, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Xuan Phuong Hoang, Anh Tuan Department of Mechanical Engineering Duzce University Düzce81620 Turkey School of Health Sciences and Technology University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Uttarakhand Dehradun248 007 India State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences PSL University France Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou University Wenzhou325035 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga Selangor Darul Ehsan Semenyih43500 Malaysia Department of Sustainable Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai602105 India School of Mechanical Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Institute of Engineering HUTECH University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Microalgae have great potential in producing energy-dense and valuable products via thermochemical processes. Therefore, producing alternative bio-oil to fossil fuel from microalgae has rapidly gained popularity due to its environmentally friendly process and elevated productivity. This current work aims to review comprehensively the microalgae bio-oil production using pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, core mechanisms of pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction process for microalgae were scrutinized, showing that the presence of lipids and proteins could contribute to forming a large amount of compounds containing O and N elements in bio-oil. However, applying proper catalysts and advanced technologies for the two aforementioned approaches could improve the quality, heating value, and yield of microalgae bio-oil. In general, microalgae bio-oil produced under optimal conditions could have 46 MJ/kg heating value and 60% yield, indicating that microalgae bio-oil could become a promising alternative fuel for transportation and power generation. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Microalgae

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Au [email protected] @ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets with significantly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H 2 evolution: The effect of different Au positions on the transfer of electron-hole pairs

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Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2021年 282卷

作者： Siman Mao Jian-Wen Shi Guotai Sun Dandan Ma Chi He Zengxin Pu Kunli Song Yonghong Cheng State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China

Herein, a new type of photocatalysts, Au [email protected] @ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets ( [email protected] @ZIS), is elaborately designed for the photocatalytic H 2 evolution from water splitting, where Au nanodots (NDs) are anchored in the pore space of thiol-functionalized UiO66 metal-organic framework (MOF) and ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets are wrapped around the UiO66 MOF containing Au NDs. It is found that the different Au positions have a grateful effect on the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. In [email protected] @ZIS, the photoexcited electrons transfers from ZnIn 2 S 4 to UiOS and then to Au NDs, establishing a smooth transmission channel of electrons. As expected, the optimal sample (Au 4 @ [email protected] 40 ) presents a high photocatalytic H 2 production rate of 391.6 μmol/h (10 mg of catalyst) under visible light irradiation, which is 435.1, 61.2 and 10.2 times higher than that of the pure UiOS, ZnIn 2 S 4 and [email protected] , respectively.

关键词： Photocatalysis Hydrogen evolution Metal-organic framework Thiol- functionalization Au nanodots

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Photothermal Synergistic Effect Induces Bimetallic Cooperation to Modulate Product Selectivity of CO2Reduction on Different CeO2Crystal Facets

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第46期136卷

作者： Yuqi Ren Yitao Si Mingyue Du Changjun You Chunyang Zhang Yuan-Hao Zhu Prof. Zhenkun Sun Prof. Kai Huang Prof. Maochang Liu Prof. Lunbo Duan Prof. Naixu Li School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University No.2 Dongnandaxue Road Nanjing 211189 Jiangsu P.R. China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment No.2 Dongnandaxue Road Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu P.R. China

Product selectivity of solar-driven CO 2 reduction and H 2 O oxidation reactions has been successfully controlled by tuning the spatial distance between Pt/Au bimetallic active sites on different crystal facets of CeO 2 catalysts. The replacement depth of Ce atoms by monatomic Pt determines the distance between bimetallic sites, while Au clusters are deposited on the surface. This space configuration creates a favourable microenvironment for the migration of active hydrogen species (*H). The *H is generated via the activation of H 2 O on monatomic Pt sites and migrate towards Au clusters with a strong capacity for CO 2 adsorption. Under concentrated solar irradiation, selectivity of the (100) facet towards CO is 100 %, and the selectivity of the (110) and (111) facets towards CH 4 is 33.5 % and 97.6 %, respectively. Notably, the CH 4 yield on the (111) facet is as high as 369.4 μmol/g/h, and the solar-to-chemical energy efficiency of 0.23 % is 33.8 times higher than that under non-concentrated solar irradiation. The impacts of high-density flux photon and thermal effects on carriers and *H migration at the microscale are comprehensively discussed. This study provides a new avenue for tuning the spatial distance between active sites to achieve optimal product selectivity.

关键词： Photothermal catalysis CO2 reduction Product selectivity Bimetallic active sites Spatial distance

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Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of roughness and turbulence on LUT airfoil performance

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第6期35卷 1178-1190页

作者： Shoutu Li Ye Li Congxin Yang Xiaobo Zheng Qing Wang Yin Wang Deshun Li Wenrui Hu School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Lab of Multiple Function Towing Tank School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics(Ministry of Education) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China

Vertical-axis wind turbines(VAWTs)have been widely used in urban environments,which contain dust and experience strong ***,airfoils for VAWTs in urban environments have received considerably less research attention than those for horizontal-axis wind turbines(HAWTs).In this study,the sensitivity of a new VAWT airfoil developed at the Lanzhou University of Technology(LUT)to roughness was investigated via a wind tunnel *** results show that the LUT airfoil is less sensitive to roughness at a roughness height of<0.35 ***,the drag bucket of the LUT airfoil decreases with increasing roughness ***,the loads on the LUT airfoil during dynamic stall were studied at different turbulence intensities using a numerical method at a tip-speed ratio of *** the stall,the turbulence intensity did not considerably affect the normal or tangential force coefficients of the LUT ***,after the stall,the normal force coefficient varied obviously at low turbulence ***,as the turbulence intensity increased,the normal and tangential force coefficients decreased rapidly,particularly in the downwind region of the VAWT.

关键词： Airfoil Dynamic load Roughness Vertical-axis wind turbines(VAWTs) Wind tunnel experiment

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Gas emission source term estimation with 1-step nonlinear partial swarm optimization-Tikhonov regularization hybrid method

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2018年第2期26卷 356-363页

作者： Denglong Ma Wei Tan Zaoxiao Zhang Jun Hu School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University

Source term identification is very important for the contaminant gas emission event. Thus, it is necessary to study the source parameter estimation method with high computation efficiency, high estimation accuracy and reasonable confidence interval. Tikhonov regularization method is a potential good tool to identify the source parameters. However, it is invalid for nonlinear inverse problem like gas emission process. 2-step nonlinear and linear PSO （partial swarm optimization）-Tikhonov regularization method proposed previously have estimated the emission source parameters successfully. But there are still some problems in computation efficiency and confidence interval. Hence, a new 1-step nonlinear method combined Tikhonov regularizafion and PSO algorithm with nonlinear forward dispersion model was proposed. First, the method was tested with simulation and experiment cases. The test results showed that 1-step nonlinear hybrid method is able to estimate multiple source parameters with reasonable confidence interval. Then, the estimation performances of different methods were compared with different cases. The estimation values with 1-step nonlinear method were close to that with 2-step nonlinear and linear PSO-Tikhonov regularization method, 1-step nonlinear method even performs better than other two methods in some cases, especially for source strength and downwind distance estimation. Compared with 2-step nonlinear method, 1-step method has higher computation efficiency. On the other hand, the confidence intervals with the method proposed in this paper seem more reasonable than that with other two methods. Finally, single PSO algorithm was compared with 1-step nonlinear PSO-Tikhonov hybrid regularization method. The results showed that the skill scores of 1-step nonlinear hybrid method to estimate source parameters were close to that of single PSO method and even better in some cases. One more important property of 1-step nonlinear PSO-Tikhonov regularization metho

关键词： Parameter estimation Parameter regularization method Source identification Inverse problem

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