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Efficiency enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting: Defect passivation and boosted charge transfer kinetics of zinc oxide nanostructures via chalcopyrite/chalcogenide mix sensitization

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Physical Review Materials 2021年第12期5卷 125403-125403页

作者： Cigdem Tuc Altaf Nazrin Abdullayeva Ozlem Coskun Alihan Kumtepe İpek Deniz Yildirim Emre Erdem Maochang Liu Ali Bozbey Ertan Agar Mehmet Sankir Nurdan Demirci Sankir Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Orhanli Tuzla 34956 Istanbul Turkey International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854 USA Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey

ZnO thin films in nanorod (NR) and nanoflower (NF) morphologies were used as photoelectrode scaffolds for efficient visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, where their decoration with copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS) and indium sulfide (In2S3) layers resulted in significant PEC performance enhancement. ZnO NF/CIGS/In2S3 photoelectrodes exhibited a remarkably high PEC efficiency (∼6.0% applied bias photon-to-current efficiency, 83% incident photon-to-current efficiency) due to the negligible dark current, while ZnO NR/CIGS/In2S3 generated a photocurrent density of ***–2 at 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl), being one of the highest performances reported in the literature for copper-based chalcopyrite photoelectrodes so far. The interfacial photoelectrode-electrolyte charge transport dynamics, investigated via intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, exhibited a sevenfold increase in charge transfer efficiencies with a significant drop in surface recombination kinetics for ZnO NF after CIGS/In2S3 decoration. The obtained results show consistency with numerically modeled electric field distribution profiles and electron paramagnetic resonance results of ZnO NF, rationalizing the enhanced charge transfer rates for decorated samples and confirming the defect passivating nature of CIGS/In2S3.

关键词： Electrochemical properties Photoconductivity

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Instantaneous liquid and gas leakage flow during plunger lifting process in vertical wells 11

Instantaneous liquid and gas leakage flow during plunger lif...

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11th North American Conference on Multiphase Technology

作者： Zhao, K. Bai, B. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

Plunger lift is an economical artificial lift method to solve the liquid loading problem in gas wells. Because of the inevitable annular gap between plunger and tube wall, the liquid above plunger may leak downward and the gas may slip upward during lifting process. How to quantitatively describe the gas-liquid counter-current flow sealing property is still challenging to optimize the plunger lift method. In this paper, the liquid leakage and gas slippage were observed experimentally. The transient physical models for gas and liquid leakage were proposed and verified. © 11th North American Conference on Multiphase Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Liquids

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Back Cover Image, Volume 7, Number 3, March 2025

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Carbon Energy 2025年第3期7卷

作者： Binglan Wu Karim Harrath Marshet Getaye Sendeku Tofik Ahmed Shifa Yuxin Huang Jing Tai Fekadu Tsegaye Dajan Kassa Belay Ibrahim Xueying Zhan Zhenxing Wang Elisa Moretti Ying Yang Fengmei Wang Alberto Vomiero State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering International Research Center for Renewable Energy Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Science Ganzhou China Ocean Hydrogen Energy R&D Center Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen Shenzhen China Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca' Foscari University of Venice Venezia Mestre Italy Testing and Analysis Center Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Division of Materials Science Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden

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Dynamic modeling of a NG-fueled SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system coupled with TSA process for fuel cell vehicle 10

Dynamic modeling of a NG-fueled SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system cou...

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10th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2018

作者： Wu, Zhen Ni, Meng Zhu, Pengfei Zhang, Zaoxiao Building Energy Research Group Department of Building and Real Estate Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Fuel cell power technology has drawn extensive attentions due to its high efficiency, low emission and noise. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) could generate the power by diverse fuels, such as natural gas (NG), while proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) only feeds on pure H2. More and more attentions are paid on the combination of SOFC and PEMFC for high efficiency and convenient refueling in the practical applications. To obtain H2 fuel with high purity from SOFC as a reformer, the gas processing subsystem for H2 separation and purification should be applied between SOFC and PEMFC. In this present study, the gas processing subsystem, consisting of water gas shift (WGS) and thermal swing adsorption (TSA), is introduced into the SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system. Then, the SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC hybrid system is modelled to investigate the transient behaviors under different operations. The simulation results show that the SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC hybrid system has an improved energy conversion efficiency of approximately 64%, which is higher than the only-SOFC and the reform-PEMFC. The waste heat recovery for driving the TSA reaction accounts for the higher net electricity efficiency compared with the SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system based on the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for H2 separation. Since the SOFC and PEMFC have completely different transient responses to the change of the loading, the influences of operating conditions of fuel cell vehicles on the transient behaviors of single SOFC and PEMFC and the overall performance of the SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC hybrid system are further investigated. Through the analysis and discussion based on the dynamic modelling, the operation strategy is unveiled in this paper for the performance optimization of the hybrid system when installed in the fuel cell vehicles. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under respons

关键词： Waste heat

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Modeling and optimizing of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with gradient anode: Part I. Model description and validation by experiments

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Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 2019年第12期76卷 925-948页

作者： Pei Fu Xionghui Li Jian Chen Jian Yang Jianbing Huang Qiuwang Wang Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering MOE School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi P.R. China

Grading the porous anode microstructure, i.e., gradient anode is an effective way to enhance the electrical performance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This article is the first part of a two-part article which presents a 3D numerical model of a gradient anode SOFC and conducts a model validation in comparison with the experiments for the gradient anode SOFC modeling and optimizing. An experimental test setup was constructed first to evaluate the electrical performance of a SOFC button cell with a gradient anode. Then the microstructure characterization of each cell component was obtained by combining the mercury porosimetry with image analysis. Parameters relating to the microstructure mainly included the layer thickness, porosity, pore size, and particle size. Based on the microstructure parameters and measured electrical performances, the numerical model of the gradient anode SOFC button cell was established, which related the cell microstructure to the electrochemical characteristics. The results show that the microstructure parameters of each cell component can be quantificationally obtained by the backscatter electron image analysis. The modeledi-Vandi-Pcurves at three flow rates of fuel gas (75/100/125 mL·min−1) agree well with the experimental data. This validation process indicates that the numerical model is able to accurately describe the electrical performance of the gradient anode SOFC and it can be further extended to optimize the anode microstructure distribution.

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STUDY ON ON-LINE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY OF OXIDE SCALE BASED ON MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY AND GRANULARITY BEHAVIOR 9

STUDY ON ON-LINE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY OF OXIDE SCALE BASED O...

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Joint 9th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil power Plants, EPRI 2019 and the 2nd International 123HiMAT Conference on High-Temperature Materials

作者： Aijun, Yan Zhigang, Li Hongnian, Dong Yue, Qiao Chen, Hao Shunsen, Wang Li, Fang Jingru, Mao Kang, Chen Jiacheng, Wang Jingyi, Du Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shaanxi Xi'an710054 China Xi'an Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Xi'an710054 China Xi'an University of Science and Technology Shaanxi Xi'an710054 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781627082716

The oxide exfoliation is one of the main problems that cause the explosion of superheater or reheater, which threaten the safety of power plant units, but there is no direct test method of the particle concentration of the scales in high temperature steam. Based on the study of ferromagnetic and optical characteristics of scales, the technology and equipment were developed for on-line measurement based on magnetic sensitivity and granularity behavior. Through numerical simulation and dynamic simulation experiments of scale movement under high temperature and high pressure steam, calculating method of the particle concertation of scales in the main steam or reheated steam pipeline was retrieved by local sampling concentration. © 2019 ASM International® All rights reserved.

关键词： Steam

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Interface engineering of Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic water splitting

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Fundamental Research 2024年

作者： Daming Zhao Yuxiao Yang Vasileios Binas Shaohua Shen School of Advanced Energy Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen 518107 China Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) FORTH P.O. Box 1527 Vasilika Vouton GR-71110 Heraklion Greece Physical Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Photocatalytic water splitting technology can directly convert solar energy into H 2 via a zero-carbon route, offering a sustainable solution for solar utilization and H 2 supply. Among various developed photocatalysts, Z-scheme heterojunction mimicking natural photosynthesis by combining two dissimilar semiconductors for redox reactions in series has unequivocally demonstrated its superiority in enhanced charge transfer, robust redox driving force, and wide optical absorption range. A comprehensive understanding on the fundamental principles of interface engineering between semiconductor components is the key to construct an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction. By focusing on different types of semiconductors, this article thoroughly expounds the coupling principles of components in binary mediator-free and ternary solid-mediator Z-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic water splitting, from the viewpoint of band structure alignment and interfacial electric field design. In addition to the well summarized research progresses in recent years, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for developing advanced Z-scheme heterojunctions are provided.

关键词： Interface engineering Z-scheme heterojunction Water splitting Photocatalysis Solar energy conversion

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Experimental study on single-phase flow resistance characteristics of rectangular channels with lateral non-uniform heating 18

Experimental study on single-phase flow resistance character...

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18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH 2019

作者： Sun, Rulei Zhang, D.L. Zhou, Jiancheng Song, Gongle Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an China

The state-of-the-art studies on single-phase flow and hear transfer in narrow rectangular channels shows some difference with the conventional theory. In this paper, the experimental study of vertical upward flow resistance of single-phase water in rectangular channels is carried out under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the flow resistance of narrow rectangular channels and focus on the effect of transverse non-uniform heating. The geometric dimensions of the test section are as follows: depth 2.0 mm, aspect ratio 30. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient of rectangular narrow channel under isothermal condition is obviously larger than that of conventional channels, and the transition zone is 2600 © 2019 American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aspect ratio

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Customizable Ligand Exchange for Tailored Surface Property of Noble Metal Nanocrystals

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研究（英文） 2020年第3期 192-203页

作者： Qikui Fan Hao Yang Juan Ge Shumeng Zhang Zhaojun Liu Bo Lei Tao Cheng Youyong Li Yadong Yin Chuanbo Gao Frontier Institute of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow UniversitySuzhou Jiangsu 215123 China Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside California 92521 USA

It is highly desirable,while still challenging,to obtain noble metal nanocrystals with custom capping ligands,because their colloidal synthesis relies on specific capping ligands for the shape control while conventional ligand exchange processes suffer from 'the strong replaces the weak' limitation,which greatly hinders their ***,we report a general and effective ligand exchange approach that can replace the native capping ligands of noble metal nanocrystals with virtually any type of ligands,producing flexibly tailored surface *** key is to use diethylamine with conveniently switchable binding affinity to the metal surface as an intermediate *** a strong ligand,it in its original form can effectively remove the native ligands;while protonated,it loses its binding affinity and facilitates the adsorption of new ligands,especially weak ones,onto the metal *** this means,the irreversible order in the conventional ligand exchange processes could be *** efficacy of the strategy is demonstrated by mutual exchange of the capping ligands among cetyltrimethylammonium,citrate,polyvinylpyrrolidone,and *** novel strategy significantly expands our ability to manipulate the surface property of noble metal nanocrystals and extends their applicability to a wide range of fields,particularly biomedical applications.

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DNA Sensors for the Detection of Mercury Ions

Biosensors

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Biosensors 2025年第5期15卷 275-275页

作者： Li, Feng Lin, Jinxin Lichtfouse, Eric Qi, Haifeng Peng, Lang Yu, Yangyang Gao, Li Department of Thoracic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Rd Xi’an710049 China Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui University Hefei230039 China School of Life Sciences Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China School of Life Sciences Qinghai Normal University Xining810008 China

Ecosystem pollution by mercury ions (Hg2+) is a major health concern, yet classical analytical methods for mercury analysis are limited. This paper reviews the advances in Hg2+ detection using DNA as recognition elements in the sensors. DNA as a recognition molecule is inexpensive, simple, and appropriate for real-time detection of Hg2+. This paper discusses the DNA-based sensors that were used for the detection of Hg2+. These can be carried out by electrochemistry, field effect transistors (FET), Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The detection principles and the advantages of DNA in these sensors are also revealed. Finally, the paper provides an overview of prospects and potential challenges in the field. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Chemical detection

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