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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in Asia

Frontiers of physics 2016年第6期11卷 231-255页

作者： Zhen-ZhenWang Yoshihiro Deguchi Zhen-Zhen Zhang Zhe Wang Xiao-Yan Zeng Jun-Jie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University Tokushima 770-8501 Japan State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Center Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan ~3007~ China

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical detection technique based on atomic emission spectroscopy to measure the elemental composition. LIBS has been extensively studied and developed due to the non-contact, fast response, high sensitivity, real-time and multi-elemental detection features. The development and applications of LIBS technique in Asia are summarized and discussed in this review paper. The researchers in Asia work on different aspects of the LIBS study in fundamentals, data processing and modeling, applications and instrumentations. According to the current research status, the challenges, opportunities and further development of LIBS technique in Asia are also evaluated to promote LIBS research and its applications.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) quantitative analysis signal enhancement applications challenges

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Room‐Temperature Activation of H2by a Surface Frustrated Lewis Pair

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第28期131卷

作者： Lu Wang Tingjiang Yan Rui Song Wei Sun Yuchan Dong Jiuli Guo Zizhong Zhang Xuxu Wang Geoffrey A. Ozin Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shanxi 710049 P. R. China Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China

Surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) have been implicated in the gas‐phase heterogeneous (photo)catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to CO and CH 3 OH by In 2 O 3− x (OH) y . A key step in the reaction pathway is envisioned to be the heterolysis of H 2 on a proximal Lewis acid–Lewis base pair, the SFLP, the chemistry of which is described as In⋅⋅⋅In‐OH + H 2 → In‐OH 2 + ⋅⋅⋅In‐H − . The product of the heterolysis, thought to be a protonated hydroxide Lewis base In‐OH 2 + and a hydride coordinated Lewis acid In‐H − , can react with CO 2 to form either CO or CH 3 OH. While the experimental and theoretical evidence is compelling for heterolysis of H 2 on the SFLP, all conclusions derive from indirect proof, and direct observation remains lacking. Unexpectedly, we have discovered rhombohedral In 2 O 3− x (OH) y can enable dissociation of H 2 at room temperature, which allows its direct observation by several analytical techniques. The collected analytical results lean towards the heterolysis rather than the homolysis reaction pathway.

关键词： Gasphasenreaktionen Heterolytische H2-Dissoziation Indiumoxid Oberflächenchemie Oberflächenfrustriertes Lewis-Paar

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Carbon Exergy Footprint to Evaluate the Greenhouse Impact of Operating Units

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 3179-3184页

作者： Zhen Qin Xiaomei Wu Zaoxiao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China

Increasingly serious global warming caused by greenhouse gases has urged more and more focus on the sustainability. Exergy and carbon footprint are generally considered as two separate indicators to assess the greenhouse effect and sustainability of industrial production. In this paper we propose carbon exergy footprint (CEF) for quantitatively associating carbon footprint with exergy to evaluate the greenhouse effect of operating units. The indicator synthesizes the advantages of exergy and carbon footprint. Specific physical meaning for this novel indicator is illustrated on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics and life cycle assessment. The process of water-gas shift is chosen as the case for elaborating the behavior of CEF. Results show that CEF is competent for the objective evaluation for the greenhouse effect of the operating units. Additionally, CEF also maintains consistency with the conventional exergy analysis in terms of sustainability.

关键词： Carbon exergy footprint operating unit greenhouse impact indicator

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Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient of CO 2 Absorption in a Diameter-varying Spray Tower

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Energy Procedia 2017年 114卷 1665-1670页

作者： Xiaomei Wu Min He Yunsong Yu Zhen Qin Zaoxiao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 P.R. China

The application of spray towers for CO 2 capture is a development trend in recent years. However, most of the previous jobs were conducted in a cylindrical tower by using a single spray nozzle, whose configuration and performance is not good enough for industrial application. To solve this problem, the present work proposed a diameter-varying spray tower and a new spray mode of dual-nozzle opposed impinging spray to enhance the absorption performance of CO 2 spray absorption process. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varies operating parameters on the overall mass transfer coefficient in various operating conditions. Experimental results showed that liquid to gas ratio and mole ratio of MEA to CO 2 are key factors which affect the performance of CO 2 absorption process and the maximum overall mass transfer coefficient for the diameter-varying dual-nozzle opposed impinging spray tower is 0.4773 kmol·m -3 ·h -1 ·kPa -1 .

关键词： CO 2 capture diameter-varying spray tower overall mass transfer coefficient absorption performance

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Research progress concerning turbulent drag reduction of surfactant solution

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Huagong Jinzhan/Chemical Industry and engineering Progress 2016年第6期35卷 1660-1675页

作者： Wei, Jinjia Huang, Chonghai Xu, Na State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'anShaanxi710049 China

In turbulent flow drag reduction applications, surfactant additive is more applicable than polymer for the flow with high shear or in the closed circulation system due to its reversible mechanical degradation advantage. However, there is not enough understanding of the complicated rheology and drag-reduction mechanism of surfactant solution, limiting its practical application in the drag reduction field. This review introduces the research progress of surfactant drag reduction conducted by the authors in recent years on microstructure, complicated rheology characteristics, turbulent structure, as well as their relations with drag reduction and heat transfer, and analyzes the combined drag reduction effect of surfactant additives in the flow and microgroove fabricated on the wall. The stretch devices can significantly improve the heat transfer performance of surfactant drag-reducing flow with a lower pressure loss penalty. To the shortages of present surfactant drag reduction research, several suggestions are given for the future study. The first is to develop environmentally friendly and effective surfactant, the second is optimal design and layout of heat transfer enhancement device for drag-reducing flow, the third is the study on synergetic effect of drag reduction by combing surfactant drag reduction and other drag-reducing ways, and the final one is practical industrial application research on the scale-up, anticorrosion and persistence effect of surfactant drag reduction. © 2016, Chemical Industry Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Heat transfer

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Numerical simulation of complex membrane characteristics of elastic capsules

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2016年第2期37卷 337-341页

作者： Luo, Zheng-Yuan Bai, Bo-Feng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Dynamics of elastic capsules (elastic membrane enclosing viscous fluid) under flow, which is determined by membrane mechanical characteristics, significantly influence mass transfer across the capsule membrane. Based on front tracking method, a three-dimensional model with considering membrane elasticity and bending resistance was developed to study the effect of bending resistance on the capsule deformation and membrane tensions. It is found that as the bending resistance increases, both the capsule deformation and membrane tensions decrease. Besides, the inclusion of bending resistance inhibits the formation of membrane buckles, thus enhances the membrane stability of capsules. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Membranes

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Effects of surface wettability on boiling nucleation

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2016年第1期37卷 111-115页

作者： Zheng, Wen-Xiu Li, Si-Jie Bai, Bo-Feng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

We established a gas-liquid-solid three phase pool boiling system from molecular dynamics insight, introducing the interactions between the wall and the fluid as an additional force. The effects of wall wettability on the boiling nucleation were studied from three aspects of the nucleation position, the average kinetic energy and the interface contact thermal resistance. The results show that strong surface wettability means strong constraint to the near surface molecules and gas nuclear position is farther from the surface. For stronger surface wettability, the molecular average kinetic energy for the molecules adjacent to the surface is significantly larger than that for the molecules far from the surface, for weaker surface wettability, molecular kinetic energy has a uniform distribution in the vertical direction of the wall. As increasing the surface wettability the interface contact thermal resistance increases and accordingly the boiling nucleation is weakened. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Nucleation

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Overexpressing F0/F1 operon of ATPase in Rhodobacter sphaeroides enhanced its photo-fermentative hydrogen production

Overexpressing F0/F1 operon of ATPase in Rhodobacter sphaero...

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作者： Zhang, Yang Yang, Honghui Feng, Jiali Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

The effect of atp genes overexpression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides HY01 on the amount of ATP, nitrogenase activity and hydrogen production were studied. The ATP content of ZTHF0 (F0 operon+), ZTHF1 (F1 operon+) and ZTHFF (F0 operon+, F1 operon+) was 6.5 ± 0.2 nmol/mL, 7.6 ± 0.2 nmol/mL and 8.3 ± 0.3 nmol/mL, respectively, which enhanced by 20.3%, 40.7%, and 53.7% compared with that of the control strain ZTH (pRK415+), respectively. However, the nitrogenase activities of ZTHF0, ZTHF1 and ZTHFF were 35.8 ± 0.5 nmol acetylene/(min·mg-dcw), 40.1 ± 0.7 nmol acetylene/(min·mg-dcw) and 29.3 ± 0.7 nmol acetylene/(min·mg-dcw), respectively, which increased by 18.2%, 32.3% and 0% compared with that of ZTH, respectively. The expression level of atp genes by real-time PCR showed that ZTHF0 or ZTHF1 only enhanced the expression of F0 operon or F1 operon, respectively, and ZTHFF enhanced the expression of both F0 and F1 operons. At the 5000 ± 200 lux with 10 mL culture, the hydrogen yields of ZTHF0 and ZTHF1 were 7636 ± 59 mL/L-culture and 8458 ± 76 mL/L, which increased by 10.5% and 27.8% compared with that of the control strain, respectively. Moreover, the maximum hydrogen evolution rate of ZTHF0 and ZTHF1 were 94.5 ± 4.1 mL/(Lh) and 103.1 ± 5.0 mL/(Lh), which enhanced by 15.4% and 20.6% compared with that of the control strain, respectively. The results suggested that overexpressing F0 operon or F1 operon could improve ATP content and hydrogen production performance in R. sphaeroides. © 2016, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Industrialization prospects for hydrogen production by coal gasification in supercritical water and novel thermodynamic cycle power generation system with no pollution emission

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 1989-2002页

作者： GUO LieJin JIN Hui GE ZhiWei LU YouJun CAO ChangQing State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Energy conversion and utilization, particularly carbon-based fuel burning in air phase, have caused great environmental pollution and serious problems to society. The reactions in water phase may have the potential to realize clean and efficient energy conversion and utilization. Coal gasification in supercritical water is a typical carbon-based fuel conversion process in water phase, and it takes the advantages of the unique chemical and physical properties of supercritical water to convert organic matter in coal to H2 and CO2. N, S, P, Hg and other elements are deposited as inorganic salts to avoid pollution emission. The state key laboratory of Multiphase flow in power engineering has obtained extensive experimental and theoretical results based on coal gasification in supercritical water. Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor was developed for coal gasification and seven kinds of typical feedstock were selected. The hydrogen yield covers from 0.67 to 1.74 Nm3/kg and the carbon gasification efficiency is no less than 97%. This technology has a bright future in industrialization not only in electricity generation but also in hydrogen production and high value-added chemicals. Given the gas yield obtained in laboratory-scale unit, the hydrogen production cost is U.S.$ 0.111 Nm3 when the throughput capacity is 2000 t/d. A novel thermodynamic cycle power generation system based on coal gasification in supercritical water was proposed with the obvious advantages of high coal-electricity conversion efficiency and zero pollutant emission. The cost of U.S.$ 3.69 billion for desulfuration, denitration and dust removal in China in 2013 would have been saved with this technology. Five kinds of heat supply methods are analyzed and the rates of return of investment are roughly estimated. An integrated cooperative innovation center called a new type of high-efficient coal gasification technology and its large-scale utilization was founded to enhance the industrialization o

关键词： industrialization prospects hydrogen production supercritical water gasification power generation zero emission

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Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Water in Inclined Downward Tube of a Supercritical Pressure CFB Boiler

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Journal of Thermal Science 2015年第5期24卷 478-487页

作者： WANG Siyang YANG Dong XIE Beibei WANG Long WANG Yongjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University

In this study, experiments have been performed for an investigation on heat transfer of water in an inclined downward tube with an inner diameter of 20 mm and an inclined angle of 45° from the horizon, with the range of pressure from 11.5 to 28 MPa, mass flux from 450 to 1550 kg/(m2 s), and heat flux from 50 to 585 k W/m2. Based on the experimental data, the temperature distribution in the tube wall was derived. The heat transfer characteristics of inclined downward flow were compared with that of vertical downward flow. The effects of heat flux on wall temperature were analyzed and the corresponding empirical correlations were presented. The results show that heat transfer characteristics of water in the inclined downward tube are not uniform along the circumference from the top surface to the bottom surface. An increase in heat flux exacerbates the non-uniformity. At subcritical pressures, both dry-out and departure from nucleate boiling(DNB) occur at the top surface of the inclined downward tube; inversely, only dry-out takes place on the bottom surface of the inclined downward tube and in the vertical downward tube. At near-critical pressures, DNB and dry-out occur in the comparing tubes with greater possibility. At supercritical pressures, heat transfer gets enhanced in the pseudo-critical enthalpy region; in the high enthalpy region, the top surface temperature of the inclined downward tube decreases obviously.

关键词： inclined downward tube wall temperature circumferential non-uniformity heat transfer deterioration

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