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Preliminary perspectives on 3GPP standardization of the propagation channel model for FR3 bands for NR

Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 391-392页

作者： Pan TANG Jianhua ZHANG Huixin XU Haiyang MIAO Ximan LIU State Key Laboratory of Network and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Introduction of the study item on the channel model for FR3 bands for NR. According to the 3rd generation partnership project(3GPP) schedule, 3GPP work for the sixth generation(6G) typically starts in 2024 during Release 19. This release aims to establish the technical foundations for 6G and include preliminary work on new 6G capabilities.

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Block-gram:Mining knowledgeable features for efficiently smart contract vulnerability detection

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Digital Communications and networks 2025年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Xueshuo Xie Haolong Wang Zhaolong Jian Yaozheng Fang Zichun Wang Tao Li Tianjin Key Laboratory of Network and Data Security Technology TianjinChina College of Computer Science Nankai UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Cyberspace Governance of Zhejiang Province China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChina

Smart contracts are widely used on the blockchain to implement complex transactions,such as decentralized applications on *** vulnerability detection of large-scale smart contracts is critical,as attacks on smart contracts often cause huge economic *** it is difficult to repair and update smart contracts,it is necessary to find the vulnerabilities before they are ***,code analysis,which requires traversal paths,and learning methods,which require many features to be trained,are too time-consuming to detect large-scale on-chain ***-based methods will obtain detection models from a feature space compared to code analysis methods such as symbol *** the existing features lack the interpretability of the detection results and training model,even worse,the large-scale feature space also affects the efficiency of *** paper focuses on improving the detection efficiency by reducing the dimension of the features,combined with expert *** this paper,a feature extraction model Block-gram is proposed to form low-dimensional knowledge-based features from ***,the metadata is separated and the runtime code is converted into a sequence of opcodes,which are divided into segments based on some instructions(jumps,etc.).Then,scalable Block-gram features,including 4-dimensional block features and 8-dimensional attribute features,are mined for the learning-based model ***,feature contributions are calculated from SHAP values to measure the relationship between our features and the results of the detection *** addition,six types of vulnerability labels are made on a dataset containing 33,885 contracts,and these knowledge-based features are evaluated using seven state-of-the-art learning algorithms,which show that the average detection latency speeds up 25×to 650×,compared with the features extracted by N-gram,and also can enhance the interpretability of the detection model.

关键词： Smart contract Bytecode&opcode Knowledgeable features Vulnerability detection Feature contribution

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Satellite-assisted 6G wide-area edge intelligence:dynamics-aware task offloading and resource allocation for remote IoT services

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 248-268页

作者： Di ZHAO Rui DING Bin SONG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology Xidian University China Satellite Network Group Co. Ltd.

Future 6G networks will integrate non-terrestrial communication with mobile edge computing to enable wide-area edge intelligence, providing ubiquitous communication and computation services for everyone and everything. In this paper, we introduce the intelligent cloud-edge-device architecture into low Earth orbit(LEO) satellite-supported remote Internet of Things(IoT) networks to facilitate latency-sensitive and compute-intensive IoT applications. However, the dynamic spatio-temporal characteristics inherent in LEO satellite networks, such as the high volatility of task traffic and the high mobility of space nodes, pose severe challenges. For efficient task execution, we investigate the joint optimization of cross-region task offloading and cross-domain resource allocation, and innovatively propose a spatio-temporal attention-based proximal policy optimization(STA-PPO) algorithm. Specifically, the temporal attention-based actor network analyzes the timing dependencies of task arrival and makes time-variant decisions. Simultaneously, the spatial attention-based critic network captures the spatial variations of satellite motion and evaluates the topology-related value. We verify the effectiveness of the cloud-edge-device collaboration through extensive simulations. Numerical results demonstrate that the STA-PPO algorithm outperforms benchmarks, showing the lowest system delay and the highest link throughput.

关键词： 6G wide-area edge intelligence cross-region task offloading cross-domain resource allocation spatio-temporal attention proximal policy optimization

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16QAM-OFDM VLC System Based on Frequency Domain Precompensation and DNN Post-Equalization

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12278-12286页

作者： Zhang, Hongyang Yang, Aiying Xu, Hang Ji, Shaoxi Feng, Lihui Zhang, Zhenrong Zhang, Minglun Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology School of Optics and Photonics Beijing100081 China Guangxi University Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology School of Computer Electronics and Information Nanning530004 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing100876 China

Visible light communication (VLC) technology utilizes LEDs as light sources, offering several benefits, such as the use of license-free spectrum, green, and safe. However, conventional LED devices face challenges due to their restricted bandwidth and nonlinearity under different current levels. These issues lead to signal distortion and intersymbol interference (ISI), which are particularly problematic in high-order modulation schemes. In this work, we propose a low-complexity scheme combining S21 precompensation and shallow hidden layer deep neural networks (DNNs)-based post-equalization in a VLC system. At the transmitter, S21 precompensation is used to suppress the influence of high-frequency power fading. The post-equalization at the receiver side uses the least square (LS)-DNN cascaded equalization algorithm, where LS performs linear equalization and DNN performs nonlinear equalization. Since the S21 precompensation and LS algorithm have completed partial equalization, it can provide a good initial state for DNN training, thus speeding up the convergence of DNN. To better capture the dependency between symbols, we preprocess the dislocation filling before the data is sent to the input layer of DNN. In the experiment, a VLC system with the 3-dB bandwidth of 9 MHz is used. With S21 precompensation, its 3-dB bandwidth is expanded to about 43 MHz. The two hidden layer DNN is used to carry nonlinear equalization. If an 80-Mb/s 16QAM OFDM signal is transmitted in a 3-m VLC system, the scheme proposed can expand the available peak-to-peak voltage Vpp range by 30% compared with precompensation LS algorithm and achieve transmission over 9 m under 7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) BER threshold of 3.8e-3. The comparison with LSTM-DNN-based scheme shows that the proposed scheme can improve the performance of VLC system in terms of BER and EVM, while the training complexity is 2-order of magnitude lower. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Forward error correction

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Through-Wall Mobile Charging: Theory, Methodology, and Implementation

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第6期24卷 4971-4986页

作者： Sun, Yu Lin, Chi Yang, Wei Dai, Haipeng Ren, Jiankang Wang, Lei Wu, Guowei Dalian University of Technology School of Software Technology Dalian116024 China Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province Dalian116621 China Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian116024 China

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has revolutionized the field of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor networks (WRSNs), enabling sustainable operation of sensor nodes. Traditional mobile charging methods often require sensors to be within line-of-sight or physically accessed by the mobile charger, which may potentially lead to user safety or privacy concerns. Addressing this concern, this work is the first to introduce and validate the feasibility of Through-Wall charging. We formulate the Wireless charging thrOugh Walls (WOW) problem to simultaneously enhance user safety and maximize charging utility. Our approach leverages fundamental principles of electromagnetics to construct an accurate charging model for Magnetic Resonance Coupling-based WPT systems. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the impact of wall obstruction and provide a generalized framework for through-wall charging. By employing discretization techniques and approximation algorithms, we derive a near-optimal solution to the WOW problem. Extensive simulations and test-bed experiments demonstrate that our proposed approach reduces the reliance on physical access to devices, simplifies deployment in complex environments, and thereby optimizes the travel paths of mobile chargers and enhances the overall performance and lifetime of WRSNs. Compared to conventional methods, our method benefits from more reasonable scheduling order and path construction, achieving an average energy efficiency improvement of 27.8%. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless charging

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Measurement and Analysis of Radar-Cross-Section of UAV at 21-26 GHz Frequency Band

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ZTE Communications 2025年第1期23卷 107-114页

作者： AN Hao LIU Ting HE Danping MA Yihua DOU Jianwu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Bei-jing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology ZTE CorporationShenzhen 518057China

With the emergence of the 6G technology,integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)has become a hot-spot vertical *** low-altitude scenario is considered to be a significant use case of the ***,the existing channel model is hard to meet the demands of the sensing *** radar-cross-section(RCS)is a critical feature for the sensing part,while accurate RCS data for the typical frequency band of ISAC are still ***,this paper conducts measurements and analysis of the RCS data of the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under multiple poses and angles in real flying *** echo from a UAV is acquired in an anechoic chamber,and the RCS values are *** results of different flying attitudes are analyzed,providing RCS features for the ISAC applications.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle radar-cross-section integrated sensing and communication anechoic chamber measurement

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Blockchain and signcryption enabled asynchronous federated learning framework in fog computing

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Digital Communications and networks 2025年第2期11卷 442-454页

作者： Zhou, Zhou Tian, Youliang Xiong, Jinbo Peng, Changgen Li, Jing Yang, Nan State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350117 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Federated learning combines with fog computing to transform data sharing into model sharing, which solves the issues of data isolation and privacy disclosure in fog computing. However, existing studies focus on centralized single-layer aggregation federated learning architecture, which lack the consideration of cross-domain and asynchronous robustness of federated learning, and rarely integrate verification mechanisms from the perspective of incentives. To address the above challenges, we propose a Blockchain and Signcryption enabled Asynchronous Federated Learning (BSAFL) framework based on dual aggregation for cross-domain scenarios. In particular, we first design two types of signcryption schemes to secure the interaction and access control of collaborative learning between domains. Second, we construct a differential privacy approach that adaptively adjusts privacy budgets to ensure data privacy and local models' availability of intra-domain user. Furthermore, we propose an asynchronous aggregation solution that incorporates consensus verification and elastic participation using blockchain. Finally, security analysis demonstrates the security and privacy effectiveness of BSAFL, and the evaluation on real datasets further validates the high model accuracy and performance of BSAFL. © 2024 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

关键词： Federated learning

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Service-Oriented Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Coexistence in Smart Home IoT Systems

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ACM Transactions on Internet of Things 2025年第2期6卷 1-24页

作者： Zhao, Di Niu, Tianxu Song, Bin Du, Xiaojiang Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network Xi'an China Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken United States

In IoT-enabled smart home scenarios, heterogeneous communication devices such as Bluetooth (BT) and Wi-Fi are widely used in applications such as home automation, remote monitoring, and intelligent device interconnection. However, in such a multi-device coexistence environment, efficiently allocating limited time-frequency resources to mitigate communication interference and enhance system performance has become a critical challenge. To address these issues, this article proposes a comprehensive solution that integrates master selection, resource allocation, and task scheduling to optimize resource utilization and service quality in smart home IoT systems. For device management, we propose a hierarchical entropy weight method (HEWM), considering factors such as device parameters, sensing capabilities, communication performance, and device interoperability. This method ensures efficient and stable selection of the primary device, optimizing network topology and communication efficiency. For resource allocation, we introduce a proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm that dynamically adjusts time-frequency resource allocation based on the varying device usage, network load, and communication condition. This adaptive strategy reduces interference between devices and improves system throughput. For task scheduling, we develop a task urgency-based queueing (TUQ) mechanism that prioritizes tasks based on urgency. A task preemption mechanism ensures that high-urgency tasks are processed with minimal delay, enhancing scheduling efficiency and service responsiveness. Simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms traditional methods in smart home IoT scenarios, achieving higher primary device scores, a 3%-22% improvement in system throughput, and a 5%-36% reduction in task delay. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Wi-Fi

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G: Engineering Challenges and the Road Ahead

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Intelligent and Converged networks 2025年第1期6卷 53-81页

作者： Zhao, Xianming Jian, Mengnan Chen, Yijian Zhao, Yajun Mu, Lin Future Information Technology Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen518055 China Wireless Research Institute ZTE Corporation Beijing100029 China

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a pivotal technology for the Sixth-Generation (6G) communication system, showcasing the ability to configure wireless environment dynamically. Acknowledged as a breakthrough in enhancing network coverage, augmenting system capacity, and facilitating advanced applications such as Integrated Communication and Sensing (ISAC), RISs present a concrete approach to molding the future network evolution. The advancement of RIS technology necessitates a departure from idealistic assumptions and oversimplifications, compelling a progression towards models that more accurately reflect the physical attributes of hardware and the characteristics of propagation. In this paper, we delve into the practical constraints and limitations of current RIS design methodologies, conducting a comprehensive analysis based on the latest technological research advancements and product realizations. Our exploration is broad-ranging, encompassing the engineering challenges of single-point RISs, such as hardware impairments, intricacies of algorithm design, frequency spectrum-specific difficulties. A concentrated discourse is presented on novel near-field channel designs, the restrictions imposed by low-bit quantization, and the intricacies of amplitude-phase correlation constraints. This discussion aims to unearth the challenges, opportunities, and paradigmatic shifts induced by the practical deployment of RISs. The deployment challenges, networking dilemmas, simulation, and product evaluation is provided for RISs in large-scale networks from a broader system perspective. Furthermore, this paper highlights the critical need for accelerated efforts towards the commercialization of RISs. We explore the practical application revolution of RISs, encompassing engineering aspects and standardization processes. Our discussion aims to establish a foundational framework for introducing RISs into the market, acknowledging their significant potential

关键词： Product design

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A Consolidated Game Framework for Cooperative Defense Against Cross-Domain Cyber Attacks in Satellite-Enabled Internet of Things

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12853-12868页

作者： Huang, Linan Liu, Peilong Chen, Xu Jiang, Chunxiao Kuang, Linling Lu, Jianhua Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications Beijing100084 China

As the adoption of satellite-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) continues to rise, its intricate multidomain architecture becomes increasingly susceptible to cross-domain cyber threats. Attackers can exploit compromised IoT devices, inject malicious packets into data streams aggregated at the IoT gateway for satellite backhaul, and potentially endanger the satellite network during transmission by exploiting the hardware, software, and protocol vulnerabilities. Compared to single-domain defenses, cooperative defense at the IoT devices, IoT access network, and satellite transmission network provides fine-granularity defense against cross-domain intelligent attacks. However, quantifying cross-domain impacts and tilting incentive misalignment among different participants remain significant challenges, making systematic cooperative defense development a complex task. To address this, we develop a tripartite security game framework to characterize the impacts of attacks and defense methods across both the terrestrial and satellite domains. Leveraging this game model, we devise flow pricing to optimally motivate the IoT network operator (IoT-NO) to prevent malicious packet infiltration into the satellite domain. Subsequently, we propose efficient learning algorithms enabling both the IoT-NO to ascertain their ideal flow sampling strategies and the satellite service provider (SAT-SP) to determine optimal flow pricing. The simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the consolidated game in counteracting cross-domain cyber attacks and facilitating cooperative defense between the IoT-NO and the SAT-SP with nonaligned incentives. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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