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Surface lattice carbon cycles the reverse water–gas shift reaction

Science China Chemistry 2025年第6期68卷 2209-2211页

作者： Jun Wang Jianyong Feng Zhaosheng Li Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University

The reverse water–gas shift（RWGS） reaction combined with Fischer–Tropsch synthesis establishes a promising tandem catalytic system for transforming CO2into valuable chemicals and fuels [1,2]. However, the techno-economic assessment suggests that the RWGS reaction becomes viable and economically competitive only when catalysts with 100%CO selectivity（thus eliminating the downstream separation step）, high activity, sufficiently long operational durability,and ideally produced from earth-abundant materials and energy-efficient routes, are available [3].

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A Practical Design of Single-Slope ADC with Improved Dynamic Range on FPGA

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IEEE Transactions on nuclear Science 2025年第5期72卷 1810-1818页

作者： Zhang, Jianfeng Wang, Yonggang Zhang, keyi Qi, Xinren University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern Physics Anhui Hefei230026 China

The development of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) helps to improve system integration, shorten development cycles, and reduce costs. One realization of this is the single-slope ADC, which uses a ramp waveform to intersect the input signal, converting the input voltage into a measurable time interval for digitization. Although existing designs are capable of waveform digitization, there remains considerable potential for further research in terms of design practicality, flexibility, and performance. This paper presents an implementation that advances current designs in three aspects. First, by decoupling the ADC sampling clock from the time-to-digital converter (TDC) clock, ADC’s sampling rate can be reconfigured without the need for firmware resynthesis. Second, the two cross points within a single sampling cycle are combined to convert voltage into pulse width for measurement, significantly simplifying the firmware design. Finally, a mapping calibration between time and voltage is applied to improve the ADC linearity while maintaining the widest possible dynamic range. The proposed ADC was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA for performance evaluation at 200 MS/s sampling rate and 10-bit resolution. Test results show that the ADC achieves a measurement range of 70 mV to 1770 mV with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 7.2. The differential nonlinearity (DNL) ranges from -0.23 LSB to 0.23 LSB, and the integral nonlinearity (INL) ranges from -1.95 LSB to 1.33 LSB. This ADC design requires no off-chip components, is not susceptible to FPGA placement and routing, and can be implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core, allowing end-users to integrate it into systems without requiring in-depth knowledge of ADC design. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Firmware

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Feasibility of efficient electron beam transmission in EB-pumped excimer diodes without guided fields 7

Feasibility of efficient electron beam transmission in EB-pu...

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7th International Symposium on Laser Interaction with Matter, LIMIS 2024

作者： Yan, Wenbo Lai, Ding Guo Yi, Aiping Huang, Chao Zhang, Mengfan State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an710024 China State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an710024 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510688865

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688858

High-power excimer lasers, characterized by their short wavelength and excellent beam uniformity, represent potential drivers for inertial confinement fusion. Enhancing the electron beam transmission efficiency of these lasers is essential for improving their electro-optic conversion efficiency. Previously, the improvement of electron beam transmission efficiency relied on strong guiding magnetic fields, which, however, could not fully address energy losses of the electron beam on the grid and also affected the uniformity of energy deposition in the laser chamber behind the grid, thereby increasing the operational costs of the lasers. This paper proposes regulating the inward-pinching magnetic force and outward-diverging electric force during diode design to calculate the impact region of the electron beam on the anode. Based on this calculated region, the grid and anode are designed to allow most of the electron beam to bypass the grid and transmit through the anode membrane, potentially enhancing the electron beam transmission efficiency of the diode without the use of guiding magnetic fields. To this end, a feasibility analysis of improving electron beam transmission efficiency in diodes without guiding magnetic fields is conducted. Simulations of the electron beam and calculations of electron beam energy deposition indicate that similar electron beam deposition efficiency can be achieved without guiding magnetic fields compared to with them, suggesting the feasibility of enhancing electron beam transmission efficiency in diodes without guiding magnetic fields. Copyright © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Excimer lasers

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Andreev reflection in superconducting state of pressurized La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第4期68卷 180-188页

作者： Cong Liu Mengwu Huo Huan Yang Qing Li Yingjie Zhang Zhening Xiang Meng Wang Hai-Hu Wen National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

The discovery of superconductivity with T_(c)above 77 K in pressurized La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)has stimulated enormous interest in the field of unconventional superconductivity.A recent experiment in La_(2)Pr Ni_(2)O_(7)has shown that the superconducting volume is close to100%.Because the superconductivity can only be achieved under high pressures,many intrinsic properties,such as the superconducting gaps,have not been measured *** report the Andreev reflection measurement of pressurized La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)with the onset superconducting transition temperature at about 77 *** data reveal a clear peak of differential conductivity near zero bias in the tunneling spectrum;and appear also are some temperature-dependent steps that may reflect other superconducting *** based on the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model with multiple components can roughly fit the data,and the central peak can be fitted with a d-wave gap with a magnitude of about 9 meV,and other two s-wave gaps at about 16 and 26 *** latter two large gaps are determined from the enhanced steps of the differential conductivity,which may have other *** results reveal possible evidence of a sign-reversal gap and multi-component features of the superconducting gaps in the nickelate 327 systems.

关键词： nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) point contact spectrum sign-reversal gap multigap superconductor

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Integration of High-Brightness QLED-Excited Diamond NV Magnetic Sensing Probe

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 16864-16872页

作者： Wang, Shaojie Gao, Wei Qin, Yue Guo, Hao Shi, Yanmeng Zhang, Jing Wang, Lili Wen, Huanfei Li, Zhonghao Ma, Zongmin Li, Xin Tang, Jun Liu, Jun North University of China State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement Taiyuan030051 China Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Beijing100083 China

This paper presents a novel NV center magnetic sensing probe that utilizes quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) as the excitation light source for the NV centers. The QLED employed in this magnetic sensing probe offers several advantages, including high brightness, controllable light emission area, and ease of fabrication. key steps in the preparation of the magnetic sensing probe are outlined, and the performance metrics of the NV center magnetic sensing probe are evaluated. Notably, the peak brightness of the quantum dot light-emitting diode reaches 83,200 cd/m2, with an electroluminescence peak at 532 nm. The probe is capable of measuring magnetic fields in the range of ±142.9 μT, exhibiting a photon shot noise of 12 nT · Hz-1/2 and an optimal magnetic noise spectral density of 22.6 nT · Hz-1/2, all within a compact volume of only 315 mm³. This enables the device to detect weak magnetic fields across various scenarios. The design of the magnetic sensing probe validates the excitation effectiveness of QLEDs on diamond NV centers, providing a new solution for the future development of planar and integrated magnetometer devices through micro-nanofabrication techniques. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Shot noise

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Solid-state synthesis of mesoporous metals via mechanochemical coordination self-assembly

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 492-498页

作者： Hailong Xiong Chunyu Qi Lantian Xue Ling Zhang Hanyu Liu Zhen-An Qiao State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Mesoporous metals with large surface area,high pore volume,and uniform pore structure hold excellent advantages for various ***,the state-of-the-art synthesis methods are still limited to wet chemistry,which requires excessive solvents and a time-consuming drying ***,we report a facile and general mechanochemical coordination self-assembly strategy to prepare mesoporous metals(e.g.,Rh,Ru,Ir,Pt,Pd,Ag,Co,and Ni)with remarkable porous properties by using metal chlorides and cationic polymer *** with the wet chemistry process,this method proceeds without solvents and does not need complicated experimental conditions and long synthetic periods,which not only greatly reduces the consumption of cost and energy and environmental pollution,but also improves the synthesis efficiency and yield of target *** believe the developed approach will provide a general pathway for the scalable preparation of advanced porous materials.

关键词： mechanochemistry self-assembly mesoporous materials mesoporous metals electrocatalysis

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Research on accurate virtual trajectory length model for TGS transmission measurement

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 178-188页

作者： Rong-Rong Su San-Gang Li Chu-Xiang Zhao Li Yang Ming-Zhe Liu Shan Liao Zhi Zhou Qing-Shan Tan Zhi-Xing Gu Xian-Guo Tuo Yi Cheng College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering Chengdu University of Technology1#DongsanluErxianqiaoChengdu 610059China Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Chengdu University of Technology)1#DongsanluErxianqiaoChengdu 610059China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong 643000China

To accurately reconstruct the tomographic gamma scanning(TGS)transmission measurement image,this study optimized the transmission reconstruction equation based on the actual situation of TGS transmission *** the transmission reconstruction equation and the Monte Carlo program Geant4,an innovative virtual trajectory length model was *** model integrated the solving process for the trajectory length and detection efficiency within the same *** mitigate the influence of the angular distribution ofγ-rays emitted by the transmitted source at the detector,the transport processes of numerous particles traversing a virtual nuclear waste barrel with a density of zero were ***,a certain amount of information was captured at each step of particle ***,the model addressed the nonuniform detection efficiency of the detector end face by considering whether the energy deposition of particles in the detector equaled their initial *** models were established to validate the accuracy and reliability of the virtual trajectory length *** 1 was a simplified nuclear waste barrel,whereas Model 2 closely resembled the actual structure of a nuclear waste *** results indicated that the proposed virtual trajectory length model significantly enhanced the precision of the trajectory length determination,substantially increasing the quality of the reconstructed *** example,the reconstructed images of Model 2 using the“point-to-point”and average trajectory models revealed a signalto-noise ratio increase of 375.0%and 112.7%,***,the virtual trajectory length model proposed in this study holds paramount significance for the precise reconstruction of transmission ***,it can provide support for the accurate detection of radioactive activity in nuclear waste barrels.

关键词： Tomographic gamma scanning Transmission measurement reconstruction Geant4 Trajectory length model Nonuniform detection efficiency

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Status and Prospect of Weak Radiative Hyperon Decays

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Chinese physics Letters 2025年第3期42卷 44-51页

作者： Rui-Xiang Shi Zekun Jia Li-Sheng Geng Haiping Peng Qiang Zhao Xiaorong Zhou Department of Physics Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Guilin 541004China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Hefei 230026China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Sino-French Carbon Neutrality Research Center ′Ecole Centrale de P′ekin/School of General EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for High Energy Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China

Weak radiative hyperon decays represent a rich interplay between weak interactions and the internal structure of baryons,offering profound insights into Quantum Chromodynamics and weak *** experimental observations,particularly from BESIII,have revealed deviations from theoretical *** deviations could signal new physics or the need for refined theoretical models incorporating intermediate resonance *** review discusses recent theoretical advancements and key experimental findings,focusing on recent measurements from BESIII and their implications for strong interactions and baryon structure.

关键词： structure refined decay

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Impedance control method of the cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode based on multi-ring cathode

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Plasma Science and technology 2025年第4期27卷 88-94页

作者： Mengfan ZHANG Dingguo LAI Qifu XU Mengtong QIU National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi’an 710024People’s Republic of China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

The cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode is a new type of pulsed hard X-ray load,which has the advantages of simple structure,high radiation conversion efficiency,and simplicity in seriesparallel *** paper presents a method to reduce the impedance of the triode using a multiring *** average electric field on the ring-cathode emission surface is enhanced due to edge effect,and the beam intensity is greatly increased in proportion to the square of the electric field ***-ring cathode is used to enlarge the emission ***,the reflex triode can work at lower impedance and generate a stronger beam under the same anode-cathode *** addition,the electric field enhancement of the cathode reduces the cathode emission stabilization time and enhances the operation stability of the *** effects of parameters such as ring width and ring gap on the triode impedance are simulated and *** cathode emission stabilization time and the X-ray conversion efficiency are *** design basis of cathode structure parameters and the impedance control method of the cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode are given according to the simulations.

关键词： pulsed hard X-ray reflex triode high current electron beam bremsstrahlung(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)

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Hierarchically porous 3D Y-branched carbon tube grids for high-performance filter capacitors

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 49-58页

作者： Gan CHEN Fangming HAN Guowen MENG Bingqing WEI Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of DelawareNewark DE 19716USA

The rapid development of sustainable green energy,which often generates fluctuating electrical signals,has driven the demand for high-performance filter capacitors in alternating/direct current *** bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors with electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)holds promise for electronics ***,EDLCs face a trade-off between charge storage ability and ion/electron transport ***,we demonstrate three-dimensional Y-branched carbon tube(3D-YCT)grids with a hierarchically porous structure as electrodes for line-filtering *** branching patterns and positions within the 3D-YCT are precisely tailored through the nanochannels inside anodic aluminum oxide *** integrated 3D Y-branched CT arrays provide unobstructed pathways for fast frequency response and extensive surfaces for high *** resulting 3D-YCT-based EDLC achieves a desirable specific areal capacitance(C_(A))of 3.6 mF cm^(-2)with a phase angle of-80°at 120 Hz,outperforming most reported line-filtering EDLCs and demonstrating excellent line-filtering *** findings offer valuable insights for constructing miniaturized filter capacitors.

关键词： hierarchically porous structures three-dimensional Y-branched carbon tube grids fast frequency response electric double-layer capacitors AC line-filtering

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