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Carry-chain propagation delay impacts on resolution of FPGA-based TDC

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2014年第3期25卷 38-42页

作者：董磊杨俊峰宋克柱 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection&Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Anhui Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics

The architecture of carry chains in Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is introduced in this paper. The propagation delay time of the rising and falling edges in the carry chains are calculated according to the architecture and they are predicted not equal in most cases. Tests show that the measuring results of the propagation delay time in EP3C120F484C8 N series FPGA of Altera are in line with the inference. The difference of propagation delay time results in different accuracies of Time-to-Digital Converter(TDC). This phenomenon shall be considered in the design of TDC implemented in FPGA. It can ensure better accuracy.

关键词： FPGA 传播延迟进位链 TDC 分辨率现场可编程门阵列 Altera公司延迟时间

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Unconventional Solvent-Doping-Induced Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility Leads to Excellent Thermoelectric Performance in Eco-Friendly Bi2S3 and SnS

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Wu, Fanshi Shi, Yifan Huang, Xiaoqing Chen, Zhengchong Zhang, Hongjun Wang, Xiyang Huang, Ming Fu, Liangwei Lou, Yue Xu, Biao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun130012 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

Conventional aliovalent doping, which involves replacing host atoms with solute ones, is a well-established strategy in wet chemical synthesis for enhancing semiconductor performance. However, this method faces serious challenges like low solubility and unavoidable carrier mobility loss, which hinder significant performance improvements, particularly in thermoelectrics. Herein, a novel solvent-doping strategy is reported that effectively improves the carrier concentration in nanocrystals by stabilizing cation or anion vacancies. Density functional theory calculations and pair distribution function tests reveal that solvent doping increases the atomic ordering and reduces deformation potential, thereby significantly enhancing carrier mobility. Additionally, the conversion of solvent molecules into carbon contributes to further suppressing the lattice thermal conductivity in substrates. As a result, a record-high peak ZT value of ≈1.0 and a measured thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 1.47% are obtained in solvent-doped Bi2S3. Similarly, SnS exhibits a remarkable increase of ≈150% in the peak ZT value following solvent doping. This study demonstrates the application of solvent-doping strategy in thermoelectrics and suggests the potential in other fields, such as transistors, photovoltaic, and catalysis. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Carrier mobility

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High Precision Time Projection Chamber Technology R&D for Future e+e- Collider 42

High Precision Time Projection Chamber Technology R&D for Fu...

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42nd International Conference on High Energy Physics, ICHEP 2024

作者： She, Xin Qi, Huirong Chang, Yue Zhang, Jinxian Wang, Jianchun Zhang, Jian Deng, Zhi Liu, Canwen Shi, Haoyu Institute of High Energy Physics 19B Yuquan Road Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.1 Yanqihu East Road Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics 19B Yuquan Road Beijing China School of Physics Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University 30 Shuangqing Road Beijing China

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large-scale scientific project proposed by the Chinese high-energy physics community. The CEPC accelerator Technical Design Report (TDR) has been released in 2023. The collider's energy scale ranges from Z-pole at 91 GeV to W+W− at 160 GeV, ZH at 240 GeV, and up to tt¯ at 360 GeV. It will be a large Higgs and Z factory to allow precise measurements of their properties and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In the updated CPEC Physics and Detector Technical Design Report, the baseline design concept consists of a large gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as the main tracker detector (MTK). The TPC using high granularity pixel readout can provide up to thousands of 3-D space points, with a single hit resolution of approximately 100 μm in the r-φ plane, and it will be a promising technology, especially at the high luminosity Z-pole. In this paper, we will present the feasibility and progress of the high-precision TPC technology for CEPC Z-pole run and outline the next steps for developing pixelated TPC technology for CEPC Physics and Detector TDR. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Colliding beam accelerators

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The Feasibility Study of the GeV-Energy Muon Source Based on HIAF

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Yu Zhang, Xueheng Yu, Yuhong Yu, Pei Deng, Li Zhai, Jiajia Chen, Liangwen Zhao, He Sheng, Lina Shen, Guodong Pan, Ziwen Li, Qite Zhou, Chen Li, Qiang Yang, Lei Sun, Zhiyu Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou516000 China Institute of Modern Physics CAS Lanzhou730000 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China

Generating a mono-energetic, high-energy muon beam using accelerator facilities can be very attractive for many purposes, for example, improving muon tomography currently limited by the low flux and wide energy spread of cosmic ray muons, and searching for muon related new physics beyond the Standard Model. One potential accelerator facility is the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), which is currently under construction in Huizhou City, China. Considering the projectile energy and beamline length, a high-intensity and GeV-energy muon flux could be produced and delivered by the High Energy Fragment Separator beamline of the HIAF facility. In this paper, the flux intensity and purity of muon beam based on HIAF are discussed in detail. For the µ+ beam, the highest muon yield reaches 8.2×106 µ/s with the purity of approximately 2% at a momentum of 3.5 GeV/c;meanwhile, for the µ− beam, the maximum muon yield is 4.2 ×106 µ/s with the purity of around 20% at a momentum of 1.5 GeV/c. The results also indicate that, for muon beams with an energy of several GeV, by applying a suitable purification strategy, we can get a muon beam with a purity of 100% and an intensity of the order of 105 µ/s. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Heavy ions

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Evaluation of a front-end ASIC for the readout of PMTs over a large dynamic range

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第12期39卷 51-56页

作者：邬维浩赵雷梁宇于莉刘建峰刘树彬安琪 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory （LHAASO） project has been proposed for the survey and study of cosmic rays. In the LHAASO project, the Water Cherenkov Detector Array （WCDA） is one of the major detectors for searching for gamma ray sources. A Charge-to-Time Convertor （QTC） ASIC （Application Specification Integrated Circuit）, fabricated with GlobM Foundry 0.35 μm CMOS technology, has been developed for readout of photomultiplier tubes （PMTs） in the WCDA. This ASIC provides both time and charge measurement of PMT signals. The input charge is converted to a pulse width based on the Time-Over-Threshold （TOT） technique and linear discharge method; as for time measurement, leading edge discrimination is employed. This paper focuses on the evaluation of this front-end readout ASIC performance. Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 400 ps and the charge resolution is better than 1% with large input signals and remains better than 15% @1 photoelectron （P.E.）, both beyond the application requirement. Moreover, this ASIC has a weak ambient temperature dependence, low input rate dependence and high channel-to-channel isolation.

关键词： ASIC time measurement charge measurement QTC LHAASO WCDA

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Research into the sampling methods of digital beam position measurement

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2015年第3期26卷 71-76页

作者：邬维浩赵雷陈二雷刘树彬安琪 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China

A fully digital beam position monitoring system(DBPM) has been designed for SSRF(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility). As analog-to-digital converter(ADC) is a crucial part in the DBPM system, the sampling methods should be studied to achieve optimum performance. Different sampling modes were used and compared through tests. Long term variation among four sampling channels, which would introduce errors in beam position measurement, is investigated. An interleaved distribution scheme was designed to address this issue. To evaluate the sampling methods, in-beam tests were conducted in SSRF. Test results indicate that with proper sampling methods, a turn-by-turn(TBT) position resolution better than 1 μm is achieved, and the slow-acquisition(SA) position resolution is improved from 4.28 μm to 0.17 μm.

关键词：采样方法位置测量数字波束上海同步辐射装置束流位置监测系统位置分辨率试验比较抽样方法

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Upconversion photoluminescence of Er-doped Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12) ceramics enhanced by vacancy clusters revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第12期33卷 360-366页

作者： Huiru Cheng Yuhuan Li Ziwen Pan Jiandang Liu Bangjiao Ye State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Doping of rare earth elements into Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12) can significantly enhance the upconversion photoluminescence(UCPL)properties,but its structure-property relationship is still *** this work,Er-doped bismuth titanate Bi_(4-x)Er_(x)Ti_(3)O_(12)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)ceramics were synthesized via solid-state reaction *** x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the orthorhombic crystalline structure of the Bi4-xErxTi_(3)O_(12) ceramics without any secondary *** and calculations of positron annihilation spectroscopy were carried out to characterize their defect *** comparison between the experimental and calculated lifetime revealed that vacancy clusters were the main defects in the *** increase of the intensity of the second positron lifetime component(I_(2))of Bi_(3.5)Er_(0.5)Ti_(3)O_(12)ceramics indicated the presence of a high concentration of vacancy *** UCPL spectra showed the sudden enhanced UCPL performance in Bi3.7Er0.3Ti3O12and Bi_(3.5)Er_(0.5)Ti_(3)O_(12)ceramics,which were consistent with the variation of the second positron lifetime component(I2).These results indicate that the enhanced UCPL properties are influenced not only by the concentrations of rare earth ions but also by the concentration of vacancy clusters present within the ceramics.

关键词： bismuth layered structure positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy upconversion photoluminescence vacancy clusters

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The clock system for LHAASO WCDA based on reduced White Rabbit

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2012年第4期23卷 230-236页

作者： LI Cheng LIU Shubin SHANG Linfeng CAO Ping AN Qi State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection&Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China ZAnhui Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics Hefei 230026China

Due to the large scale of Water Cherenkov Detector Array in Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, the frontend digitization is *** a clock distribution system is desired,which broadcasts the synchronous clock signals with low jitter to the frontend electronics distributed in the field of 90 000 m^*** White Rabbit protocol provides an option,which has been approved to achieve sub-ns accuracy and ps jitter in the synchronization of around 1 000 nodes in the order of 10 *** the hierarchy of the original is too complex for Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory *** we proposed a reduced scheme based on the White Rabbit *** validation circuit shows that the clock skew due to the fiber length difference can be adjusted to less than 25 ps and the clock jitter is less than 62 ps.

关键词：时钟系统白兔基础同步时钟信号探测器阵列分配系统电子领域层次结构

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Study on the temperature dependence of BGO light yield

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第10期57卷 1898-1901页

作者： WANG PeiLong ZHANG YunLong XU ZiZong WANG XiaoLian State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China

The temperature dependence of BGO coupled with photomultiplier tube R5610A-01 was studied in the range of-30–30℃. The temperature coefficient of the BGO and R5610 A as a whole was tested to be-1.82%/℃. And the temperature coefficient of the gain of the R5610 A is-0.44%/℃ which was tested in the same situation using a blue LED. Thus the temperature coefficient of BGO's light yield can be evaluated as-1.38%/℃.

关键词： BGO light yield temperature dependence PMT

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A cosmic ray test platform based on high time resolution MRPC technology

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第5期39卷 69-72页

作者：陈天翔李澄孙勇杰陈宏芳邵明唐泽波杨荣星周意张一飞 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China

In order to test the performance of detector prototypes in a laboratory environment, we design and build a large area （90 crux52 cm） test platform for cosmic rays based on a well-designed Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber （MRPC） with excellent time resolution and a high detection efficiency for minimum ionizing particles. The time resolution of the MRPC module used is tested to be -80 ps, and the position resolution along the strip is -5 mm, while the position resolution perpendicular to the strip is -12.7 ram. The platform constructed by four MRPC modules can be used for tracking cosmic rays with a spatial resolution of -6.3 mm, and provide a reference time -40 ps.

关键词： test platform MRPC time resolution cosmic ray tracking

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