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Positron annihilation study of defect formation and evolution in matrix graphite under He ion irradiation

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 13-21页

作者： Hong-Xia Xu Jian-Dang Liu Bang-Jiao Ye Zi-Wen Pan Jun Lin Jin-Liang Song Jian-Qing Cao Chao Yan Ying-Ping Hao Jin-Xing Cheng Qing-Bo Wang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025China Beijing Institute of High Technology Beijing 100094China

The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to investigate the effects of He ion irradiation fluences and subsequent annealing on the microstructure and defects of the matrix *** ions with 500 keV energy and fluences ranging from 1.1×10^(15)ions∕cm^(2)to 3.5×10^(17)ions∕cm^(2)were used to simulate neutron irradiation at 300 *** samples with an irradiation fluence of 3.5×10^(16)ions∕cm^(2)were subjected to isochronal annealing at different temperatures(573 K,873 K and 1173 K)for 3 *** Raman results revealed that the D peak gradually increased,whereas the intrinsic G peak decreased with increasing irradiation *** the same irradiation fluence,the D peak gradually decreased,whereas the intrinsic G peak increased with increasing annealing *** positron beam analysis demonstrated that the density or size of irradiation defects(vacancy type)increased with higher irradiation fluence,but decreased rapidly with increasing annealing *** Raman spectral analysis of sample cross sections subjected to high irradiation fluences revealed the emergence of amorphization precisely at the depth where ion damage was most pronounced,whereas the surface retained its crystalline *** and positron annihilation analyses indicated that the matrix graphite exhibited good irradiation resistance to He ions at 300 ***,vacancy-type defects induced by He ion irradiation exhibit poor thermal stability and can be easily removed during annealing.

关键词： Graphite Positron annihilation Irradiation Raman spectrum

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Design of a LYSO crystal electromagnetic calorimeter for dark photon detection in the DarkSHINE experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 69-84页

作者： Zhi-Yu Zhao Qi-Bin Liu Ji-Yuan Chen Jing Chen Jun-Feng Chen Xiang Chen Chang-Bo Fu Jun Guo Kim Siang Khaw Liang Li Shu Li Dan-Ning Liu Kun Liu Si-Yuan Song Tong Sun Jian-Nan Tang Yu-Feng Wang Zhen Wang Wei-Hao Wu Hai-Jun Yang Yu-Ming Lin Rui Yuan Yu-Lei Zhang Yun-Long Zhang Bai-Hong Zhou Xu-Liang Zhu Yi-Fan Zhu Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University1 Lisuo RoadShanghai 201210China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics School of Physics and Astronomy800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(SKLPPC)Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

This paper presents the design and optimization of a lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate(LYSO)crystal electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL)for the DarkSHINE experiment,which aims to identify dark photons as potential mediators of dark *** ECAL design was evaluated through comprehensive simulations,focusing on optimizing dimensions,material selection,energy distribution,and energy *** configuration consisted of 21×21×11 LYSO crystals,each measuring 2.5 cm×2.5 cm×4 cm,arranged in a staggered layout to enhance signal detection efficiency.A 4 GeV energy dynamic range was established to ensure accurate energy measurements without saturation,which is essential for background rejection and signal identification.A detailed digitization model was developed to simulate scintillation,silicon photomultiplier,and analog-to-digital converter behaviors,providing a realistic representation of the detector's ***,the study assessed radiation damage in the ECAL region,emphasizing the importance of using radiation-resistant scintillators and silicon sensors.

关键词： Electromagnetic calorimeter LYSO Scintillator detector Light dark matter Dark photon

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Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD■EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron colliders

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 80-94页

作者： Zhe Li Ren-You Zhang Shu-Xiang Li Xiao-Feng Wang Pan-Feng Li Yi Jiang Liang Han Qing-hai Wang State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Center for Fundamental Sciences in Theoretical Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Singapore

We present a comprehensive analytic calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD■EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron *** two-loop master integrals essential to this calculation are evaluated using the differential equation *** this paper,we detail the formulation and solution of the canonical differential equations for the two-loop three-point master integrals with two on-shell Z-boson external legs and a massive internal quark in the *** canonical master integrals are systematically expanded as a Taylor series in the dimensional regulator,ε=(4-d)/2,up to the order of ε^(4),with coefficients expressed in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms up to weight *** applying our analytic expressions of these master integrals to the phenomenological analysis of Z-pair production,we observe that the O(aa_(s))corrections manifest at a level of approximately one percent when compared to the leading-order predictions,underscoring their significance for comparisons with future high-precision experimental data.

关键词： Z-boson pair production NNLO QCD■EW corrections canonical differential equations Goncharovpolylogarithms

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Research of metamerism in laser displays 4

Research of metamerism in laser displays

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Gao, Fengtian Li, Ting Chen, Yuantong Xiang, Jiacheng Zhu, Liquan Xu, Lixin State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

In recent years, the issue of color mismatch due to observer metamerism has emerged as a critical concern in display color management. Observer metamerism refers to the phenomenon where individuals perceive colors differently under identical spectral conditions, leading to the low color consistency between different display devices. Owing to the high monochromatic characteristics of lasers, the mismatch phenomenon is particularly significant in laser displays, which is well-known for its wide color gamut and high brightness. In this research, the observer metamerism in three display systems were studied by theoretical simulations, including: CIE Standard Illuminant D65, a three-primary-laser system, and a four-primary-laser system. The result shows that three-primary-laser systems exhibited more severe metamerism mismatches than CIE Standard Illuminant D65, and the issue exacerbating as bandwidths narrowed. The addition of primaries to the three-primary-laser system mitigated the metamerism, thereby enhancing color consistency. It contributes to the design of display systems with high-precision color reproduction and an large color gamut. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Color matching

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Effect of light sources on speckle reduction and color gamut performance in laser display systems 4

Effect of light sources on speckle reduction and color gamut...

引用

4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Chen, Yuantong Xiang, Jiacheng Li, Ting Gao, Fengtian Zhu, Liquan Xu, Lixin State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

Given the difficulties in obtaining broad-spectrum laser sources for speckle reduction in laser display, the method of blending laser sources with incoherent light sources has been proposed. The utilization of broad-spectrum laser sources and the blending of incoherent light sources will result in a reduction in the monochromaticity of the primary color. Consequently, the impact of two schemes on speckle reduction and color gamut performance is investigated. Under the constraint that the reduction in the color gamut coverage does not exceed 5%, the recommendations for the reasonable maximum spectral bandwidth of laser sources and blending ratio of incoherent light sources are provided. By jointly considering the speckle reduction effect and the impact on the color gamut, the evaluation factor F is proposed to help obtain the optimal spectral bandwidth and blending ratio. In the incoherent light source blending scheme, the addition of green LEDs results in a dramatic decline in the color gamut coverage, whereas the inclusion of red and blue LEDs does not lead to such a significant decrease. The effective speckle reduction results in the luminance of display system being constrained by LEDs. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for the selection of light sources in laser display applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Display devices

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Rescattering effects on spin-interference for ρ0 photoproduction in heavy-ion collisions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yusong Li, Xinbai Li, Ziyang Tang, Zebo Wu, Xin Zha, Wangmei State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

Recent measurements by various experiments in ultra-peripheral collisions have observed spin-interference in ρ0 photoproduction, marking a breakthrough in Fermi-scale quantum interference experiments. Building on this, STAR extended the measurement to hadronic heavy-ion collisions, where significant rescattering effects on ρ0 mesons were expected. In this study, we investigate how these rescattering effects influence the measurement of spin-interference. By embedding ρ0 mesons produced via photoproduction, modeled by the Vector Meson Dominance model, into the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics framework, we estimate the impact on the cos 2 and cos 4 modulations, where is the angle between ρ0 and one of the daughters’ (π±) transverse momentum. The results indicate a significant suppression of the cos 2 modulation, while the cos 4 modulation remains largely unaffected, which provides insight for understanding the difference due to rescattering effects between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for ρ0 photoproduction in heavy-ion collisions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bosons

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Probing Gluon Shadowing in Heavy Nuclei through Bayesian Reweighting of J/ψ Photoproduction in Ultra-Peripheral Collisions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Pengzhong Tang, Zebo Wu, Xin Zha, Wangmei State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

The gluon distribution in nuclei plays a pivotal role in understanding quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme nuclear environments, yet remains poorly constrained compared to quark distributions. Coherent J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions (γ+A → J/ψ+A) provides a unique solution to this challenge, serving as a sensitive probe of nuclear gluon densities. In this study, we perform Bayesian reweighting on the EPPS21 and nCTEQ15 sets of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDF) by incorporating coherent J/ψ photoproduction measurements from both RHIC and LHC. The Bayesian-reweighted gluon modification factors RAg (x, Q2 = 2.4 GeV2) reveal pronounced nuclear shadowing in the Pb nuclei, with RPbg ≈ 0.60 at x = 10−4, while simultaneously achieving a great reduction of the uncertainties in the density of the gluon across the critical Bjorken-x range 10−5 −3 compared to initial predictions of the nPDF. This work establishes coherent J/ψ photoproduction as a precision tool for gluon nPDF extraction, overcoming traditional deep-inelastic scattering limitations through perturbative QCD-calibrated probes. The constrained nPDFs demonstrate improved consistency with the experimental data across collider energies, particularly in the shadowing-dominated regime. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Heavy ions

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A Practical Design of Single-Slope ADC with Improved Dynamic Range on FPGA

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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jianfeng Wang, Yonggang Zhang, keyi Qi, Xinren University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern Physics Anhui Hefei230026 China

The development of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) helps to improve system integration, shorten development cycles, and reduce costs. One realization of this is the single-slope ADC, which uses a ramp waveform to intersect the input signal, converting the input voltage into a measurable time interval for digitization. Although existing designs are capable of waveform digitization, there remains considerable potential for further research in terms of design practicality, flexibility, and performance. This paper presents an implementation that advances current designs in three aspects. First, by decoupling the ADC sampling clock from the time-to-digital converter (TDC) clock, ADC’s sampling rate can be reconfigured without the need for firmware resynthesis. Second, the two cross points within a single sampling cycle are combined to convert voltage into pulse width for measurement, significantly simplifying the firmware design. Finally, a mapping calibration between time and voltage is applied to improve the ADC linearity while maintaining the widest possible dynamic range. The proposed ADC was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA for performance evaluation at 200 MS/s sampling rate and 10-bit resolution. Test results show that the ADC achieves a measurement range of 70 mV to 1770 mV with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 7.2. The differential nonlinearity (DNL) ranges from -0.23 LSB to 0.23 LSB, and the integral nonlinearity (INL) ranges from -1.95 LSB to 1.33 LSB. This ADC design requires no off-chip components, is not susceptible to FPGA placement and routing, and can be implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core, allowing end-users to integrate it into systems without requiring in-depth knowledge of ADC design. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Firmware

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The Response of 3D Imaging BGO Calorimeter of DAMPE to TeV e+/e- in space

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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2025年

作者： Zhao, Cong Liu, Chengming Xu, Enheng Sun, Haoran Nie, Yu Rong, Yi Wang, Guifu Yan, Mingyu Wei, Yifeng Wang, Xiaolian Xu, Zizong Zhang, Yunlong Huang, Guangshun University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern Physics Anhui Hefei230026 China - Sezione di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy

The DArk Matter particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a space-based experiment to indirectly search for dark matter by measuring the energy spectra of high-energy cosmic ray electrons and positrons (CREs) up to 10 TeV. DAMPE possesses the capability to measure CREs at high energies, offering valuable insights into the physical origins of TeV CREs. The BGO calorimeter is the key sub-detector for precise energy measurements. In this paper, we present a new calibration method of high dynamic range readout of the BGO calorimeter. We also study the behavior of CREs beyond TeV energies in the BGO calorimeter, focusing on their shower development, which has a good electron/proton separation capability. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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PandaX-xT——A deep underground multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon observatory

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 105-120页

作者： Abdusalam Abdukerim Zihao Bo Wei Chen Xun Chen Chen Cheng Zhaokan Cheng Xiangyi Cui Yingjie Fan Deqing Fang Lisheng Geng Karl Giboni Linhui Gu Xunan Guo Xuyuan Guo Zhichao Guo Chencheng Han Ke Han Changda He Jinrong He Di Huang Junting Huang Zhou Huang Ruquan Hou Yu Hou Xiangdong Ji Yonglin Ju Chenxiang Li Jiafu Li Mingchuan Li Shuaijie Li Tao Li Qing Lin Jianglai Liu Congcong Lu Xiaoying Lu Lingyin Luo Yunyang Luo Wenbo Ma Yugang Ma Yajun Mao Yue Meng Xuyang Ning Binyu Pang Ningchun Qi Zhicheng Qian Xiangxiang Ren Nasir Shaheed Xiaofeng Shang Xiyuan Shao Guofang Shen Lin Si Wenliang Sun Yi Tao Anqing Wang Meng Wang Qiuhong Wang Shaobo Wang Siguang Wang Wei Wang Xiuli Wang Xu Wang Zhou Wang Yuehuan Wei Mengmeng Wu Weihao Wu Yuan Wu Mengjiao Xiao Xiang Xiao Binbin Yan Xiyu Yan Yong Yang Chunxu Yu Ying Yuan Zhe Yuan Youhui Yun Xinning Zeng Minzhen Zhang Peng Zhang Shibo Zhang Shu Zhang Tao Zhang Wei Zhang Yang Zhang Yingxin Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Li Zhao Jifang Zhou Ning Zhou Xiaopeng Zhou Yong Zhou Yubo Zhou Zhizhen Zhou New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Tsung-Dao Lee InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MoE)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai 200240China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute Chengdu 610213China School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Department of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinesen Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd.Chengdu 610051China School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Physics University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Research Center for Particle Science and Technology Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China SJTU Paris Elite I

We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment at the China Jinping Underground *** new experiment,PandaX-xT,will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon,ultra-low background,and general-purpose *** full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-t liquid xenon active *** an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and *** sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits,approaching the so-called“neutrino floor”for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/c^(2),providing a key test to the Weakly Interacting Massive particle *** searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of^(136)Xe isotope in the detector,the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a 10-41 meV/c^(2) sensitivity,providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of *** neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level,opening up new windows of *** on the findings,PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation of natural xenon.

关键词： dark matter neutrino less double beta decay astrophysical neutrinos liquid xenon

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